Heart disease refers to conditions that affect the heart and impair its function. The main types of heart disease are coronary artery disease, angina, heart attack, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Risk factors for heart disease include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, eating healthy, exercising regularly, losing excess weight, and reducing stress can help reduce the risk of heart disease.

1. HEART DISEASE AND ITS RISK
FACTORS
Prepared by
Abu Mohammed Sourov
Reg:17103053

2. What is heart disease?
• Heart disease is an well-known term for any type
of disorder that affects the heart.It can be also
termed as any condition of the heart that
impairs its proper functioning.

3. Types of heart disease
• Coronary artery disease
• Angina
• Heart attack(Myocardial infraction)
• Heart failure
• Arrhythmia
• Congenital heart defects

4. Lets talk about it

5. Coronary Artery Disease
• Blockage in the coronary arteries is called
coronary artery disease—a condition in which
the heart muscles don't get enough blood and
oxygen

6. Angina
• Angina is the result of coronary artery disease
Angina is discomfort or pain that occurs when
your heart is not getting enough oxygen and
nutrients.

7. Heart attack
• Part of the heart muscle can be damaged or die as a
result blood flow is blocked. If the blockage is brief, and
the heart eventually receives enough blood, oxygen, and
nutrients, the damage is often reversible

8. Heart failure
• Heart failure happens when the heart isn't
pumping enough blood to meet your body’s
needs.Heart failure simply indicates that the
heart is not squeezing as well as it should.

9. Arrhythmia
• Sometimes the heart’s electrical system does not
function normally. It may race, become slow,
irregular, skip beats or sometimes the heart’s
electrical signal does not move in the proper
sequence which is known as arrhythmia.

10. Arrhythmia

11. Risk factors of heart disease
• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Being over weight
• Being inactive
• Unhealthy diet

12. Smoking
• Smoking damages your entire cardiovascular
system. Nicotine causes blood vessels to tighten,
which restricts the flow of blood.
• Smoking also raises blood pressure, weakens
blood vessel walls, and increases blood clots.
Together, this raises your risk of stroke.
•

14. High cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance. It
doesn’t dissolve in water and therefore can't
travel through the blood by itself. Lipoproteins
are other particles formed in the liver that help
transport cholesterol through the bloodstream
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), also known as
"bad cholesterol," may build up in the arteries
and lead to serious health problems like a heart
attack or stroke.

16. High blood pressure
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to
stroke by damaging and weakening your brain's
blood vessels, causing them to narrow, rupture
or leak. High blood pressure is considered to be
140/90 mmHg orhigher. Anyone whose blood
pressure is 140/90 mmHg or more for a
sustained period is said to have high blood
pressure, or hypertension.

18. Diabetes
• Over time, high blood glucose from diabetes can
damage your blood vessels and the nerves that
control your heart and blood vessels. The longer
you have diabetes, the higher the chances that
you will develop heart disease.

19. Being over weight
• Research shows that being overweight or obese
can:
• raise your blood cholesterol levels
• increase your blood pressure
• increase your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

20. Being inactive
• Less active and less fit people have a greater risk
of developing high blood pressure.
• Physically active overweight or obese people
significantly reduced their risk for disease with
regular physical activity.

21. Unhealthy diet
• A healthy diet and lifestyle can reduce your risk
of:Heart disease, heart attacks, and stroke.
Conditions that lead to heart disease, including
high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and
obesity. Other chronic health problems,
including type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and
some forms of cancer

23. Solution
1.Lifestyle changes
2.Drug Modification

24. Lifestyle changes
• Quit smoking.
• Eat healthy foods.
• Exercise regularly.
• Lose excess weight.
• Reduce stress.

25. Drug modification
• Cholesterol-modifying medications
• Aspirin.
• Beta blockers
• Nitroglycerin.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
• Angioplasty and stent placement (percutaneous
coronary revascularization)
• Coronary artery bypass surgery.