We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
This document discusses various key performance indicators (KPIs) for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) networks. It describes KPIs for VoLTE control plane performance like registration success rate, call setup success rate, and call setup time. It also covers user plane KPIs such as mute rate, mean opinion score, RTP packet loss rate, and one way call rate. Additionally, it lists KPIs for packet core network elements like attach success rate, paging success rate, and IP pool utilization. The document provides details on calculating each KPI and healthy range benchmarks.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
The document discusses VoLTE optimization services including RAN and EPC analysis using various tools. It details accomplishments like optimizing sites for carriers and analyzing problems like VoLTE drop issues. The key services described are VoLTE parameter audits, drive log analysis, UETR analysis, and end-to-end VoLTE call tracing. Case studies provided examine issues like QCI profile not defined, RRC drops without VoLTE drops, and improvements gained from features like ICIC and parameter changes.
Call Setup Success Rate Definition and Troubleshooting Assim Mubder
The CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated by the MS. The CSSR is an important KPI for evaluating the network performance. If this KPI is too low, the subscribers are not likely to make calls successfully. The user experience is thus affected.
2 g and 3g kpi improvement by parameter optimization (nsn, ericsson, huawei) ...Jean de la Sagesse
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 2G and 3G networks and how top telecom vendors like Ericsson, Huawei, and NSN optimize parameters to improve these KPIs. It outlines techniques for reducing TCH blocking, SD blocking, TCH drop, HOSR, TASR, SD drop, and improving paging success rate through actions like changing configuration parameters, enabling features, addressing hardware issues, and optimizing cells physically. The optimization of these parameters can help maintain balance between network throughput, capacity and radio quality while ensuring a seamless transition between 2G and 3G.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for LTE networks. It describes KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, integrity, and mobility. Accessibility KPIs measure how successfully users can access the network, including session setup success rate, RRC connection success rate, and ERAB establishment success rate. Retainability KPIs evaluate how well services are retained once connected, such as call drop rate and ERAB drop rate. Integrity KPIs relate to throughput, including downlink and uplink throughput. Mobility KPIs cover handover success rates for different types of handovers between nodes. Formulas are provided for calculating many of the KPIs.
This document provides formulas and proposed targets for key performance indicators (KPIs) related to LTE network monitoring. It includes KPIs for LTE OSS statistics measured at the network level and LTE drive test KPIs measured through field testing. For each KPI, it provides the detailed formula, measurement methodology, and a brief description. The goal is to establish a framework for initial discussion on monitoring LTE network performance.
This document discusses various key performance indicators (KPIs) for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) networks. It describes KPIs for VoLTE control plane performance like registration success rate, call setup success rate, and call setup time. It also covers user plane KPIs such as mute rate, mean opinion score, RTP packet loss rate, and one way call rate. Additionally, it lists KPIs for packet core network elements like attach success rate, paging success rate, and IP pool utilization. The document provides details on calculating each KPI and healthy range benchmarks.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
The document discusses VoLTE optimization services including RAN and EPC analysis using various tools. It details accomplishments like optimizing sites for carriers and analyzing problems like VoLTE drop issues. The key services described are VoLTE parameter audits, drive log analysis, UETR analysis, and end-to-end VoLTE call tracing. Case studies provided examine issues like QCI profile not defined, RRC drops without VoLTE drops, and improvements gained from features like ICIC and parameter changes.
Call Setup Success Rate Definition and Troubleshooting Assim Mubder
The CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated by the MS. The CSSR is an important KPI for evaluating the network performance. If this KPI is too low, the subscribers are not likely to make calls successfully. The user experience is thus affected.
2 g and 3g kpi improvement by parameter optimization (nsn, ericsson, huawei) ...Jean de la Sagesse
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 2G and 3G networks and how top telecom vendors like Ericsson, Huawei, and NSN optimize parameters to improve these KPIs. It outlines techniques for reducing TCH blocking, SD blocking, TCH drop, HOSR, TASR, SD drop, and improving paging success rate through actions like changing configuration parameters, enabling features, addressing hardware issues, and optimizing cells physically. The optimization of these parameters can help maintain balance between network throughput, capacity and radio quality while ensuring a seamless transition between 2G and 3G.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for LTE networks. It describes KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, integrity, and mobility. Accessibility KPIs measure how successfully users can access the network, including session setup success rate, RRC connection success rate, and ERAB establishment success rate. Retainability KPIs evaluate how well services are retained once connected, such as call drop rate and ERAB drop rate. Integrity KPIs relate to throughput, including downlink and uplink throughput. Mobility KPIs cover handover success rates for different types of handovers between nodes. Formulas are provided for calculating many of the KPIs.
This document provides formulas and proposed targets for key performance indicators (KPIs) related to LTE network monitoring. It includes KPIs for LTE OSS statistics measured at the network level and LTE drive test KPIs measured through field testing. For each KPI, it provides the detailed formula, measurement methodology, and a brief description. The goal is to establish a framework for initial discussion on monitoring LTE network performance.
The document discusses various LTE measurement parameters and procedures including:
1. The eNB reports a list of detected PRACH preambles and measures timing advance, average RSSI, average SINR, UL CSI, and transport BLER for RRM purposes.
2. UE measurements include CQI, RSRP, and RSRQ while eNB measurements include timing advance, RSSI, SINR, UL CSI, detected preambles, and transport BLER. Inter-RAT measurements are also discussed.
3. Examples of RSRP, RSRQ, and timing advance procedures are provided along with CQI measurement details. PLMN selection, cell selection,
The document describes call flows for circuit switched fallback (CSFB) in an EPS network. It discusses the network architecture involving an MME, MSC Server and SGs interface. It then provides details on attach procedures, SMS over SGs, and mobile originating and terminating call flows. The flows illustrate how a device registered in both the MME and MSC can initiate and receive CS services like calls and SMS when camped on an LTE network via CSFB.
This document describes several 2G and 3G layer 3 messages including their purpose and key information elements. For 2G, it summarizes Sys info types 1-6 which broadcast system information to mobile stations in idle and dedicated modes, including things like channel allocation and cell parameters. It also describes messages like Measurement Report, Immediate Assignment, and Handover Command that are used for handover and connection management. For 3G, it lists 21 different message types like Measurement Report and Active Set Update used for mobility management and connection control.
The document discusses various parameters used in LTE drive testing including:
- RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RSSI, CQI, PCI, BLER, and throughput which provide information on signal strength, quality, and performance. Phone-based drive testing allows monitoring of these parameters and correlation with data performance. MIMO and handovers between LTE and other technologies can also be evaluated. Key metrics include coverage, capacity, and end-user experience.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 3G radio networks. It provides an overview of important KPIs such as call setup success rate, call drop rate, and data throughput. It describes methods for measuring KPIs including drive testing, stationary testing, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses how to optimize radio networks by adjusting parameters and resolving issues to improve KPIs like accessibility, retainability, and service integrity. Case studies demonstrate analyzing and troubleshooting KPI issues.
This document discusses various causes and troubleshooting steps related to 2G call drops and unsuccessful handovers. It addresses issues like low signal strength, interference, incorrect parameter settings, transmission faults, hardware faults, and more. The key performance indicators of TCH Drop Rate and Handover Failure Rate are defined. Causes of dropped calls on traffic channels include excessive timing advance, low signal strength, poor quality, sudden loss of connection, and other factors. Investigation steps provided include checking error logs, parameters, neighboring cell definitions, transmission quality, antenna installation, and more.
The document discusses 4G LTE drive testing. It describes the necessary equipment for drive testing including a notebook, GPS, and LTE dongle. It outlines key LTE radio parameters that are measured like PCI, RSRP, SINR, and MIMO. It also discusses measuring UE state information, throughput, and LTE access procedures including attach requests, random access failures, and E-RAB failures. Finally, it compares the impact of ANR capabilities versus UE capabilities on measuring neighboring cells within and between eNodeBs.
Huawei - Access failures troubleshooting work shopnavaidkhan
This document provides information on troubleshooting access failures in mobile networks, including:
1. It describes the general call setup procedure and potential points of failure, such as RRC, paging, and RACH access failures.
2. Common causes of access failures are discussed, like RF issues, radio parameter problems, and other miscellaneous causes.
3. Guidance is given on how to identify and resolve different types of failures, including steps to troubleshoot RRC access failures through analyzing configuration, alarms, traffic patterns, and radio parameters.
1) The document describes key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the performance of an LTE radio network. It defines KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency.
2) Accessibility KPIs measure aspects like call setup success rate, RRC setup success rate, and E-RAB setup success rate. Mobility KPIs evaluate handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies.
3) Retainability KPIs track metrics such as call drop rate and call setup completion rate. The document also provides details on how to calculate each KPI and which counters are needed to measure the underlying events.
1) The document describes key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the performance of an LTE radio network. It discusses KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency.
2) Accessibility KPIs measure aspects like call setup success rate, RRC setup success rate, and E-RAB setup success rate. Retainability KPIs measure call drop rate and call setup completion rate. Mobility KPIs measure handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies.
3) For each KPI, the document provides a definition, calculation formula, and description of which network events and counters are needed to measure the KPI. Baseline
The document provides an overview and analysis flow for optimizing the performance of a mobile network. It discusses various problems that can occur like low availability of control channels, congestion on signaling and traffic channels, and high drop call rates. For each problem, it lists probable causes and recommends actions to identify the issue and solutions to resolve it, such as adjusting configuration parameters, adding network capacity, or improving frequency planning. MML commands are also provided to check device logs, resources, and performance statistics for troubleshooting purposes.
Nokia gsm-kpi-analysis-based-on-daily-monitoring-basis-presentationmohammed khairy
This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring a GSM network and reasons for and solutions to common issues. It provides relationships between different network elements and describes concepts like SD blocking, SD drop, TCH blocking, TCH assignment, TCH drop, and handover success rate (HOSR). For each KPI, it outlines potential causes for degradation and recommendations to address hardware faults, interference, parameter misconfiguration, and other problems.
The document discusses drive test analysis for mobile networks. It describes the key elements of an effective drive test program including understanding network performance using call and data metrics. The drive test process involves defining test routes and clusters, collecting data, analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) like call setup success rate and throughput, and troubleshooting issues. Defining test cases, KPIs, and categorizing failures is important for understanding genuine network problems versus measurement errors.
The document outlines basic call flows for location updates, mobile originating calls (MOC), mobile terminating calls (MTC), and IP calls. It describes the key steps as:
1) Location update involves identity response, authentication between the SIM and MSC, update location requests, and ciphering.
2) For MOC, the mobile station sends a setup message with the dialed number, the MSC sends a send routing information message to the HLR, and the HLR responds with routing instructions allowing the call to be connected.
3) For MTC, the MSC requests a roaming number from the HLR, the HLR provides a number and the MSC pages the mobile station to alert
The document discusses the requirements and configuration of Inter Frequency Load Balancing (IFLB) in LTE networks. IFLB aims to balance traffic load across cells on different frequencies by offloading user equipment between those cells. Key steps in IFLB include determining cell load, exchanging load information, selecting offload candidates, and handing users over to target cells if their signal quality is sufficient. The document provides guidance on setting parameters that control IFLB behavior and thresholds.
- The RRC setup procedure success rate (RRC SR%) measures the percentage of successful RRC connection setups. Failures can be due to resource limitations, radio conditions, or configuration issues.
- The E-RAB setup success rate (E-RAB SR%) measures the percentage of successful data radio bearer setups. Failures can be due to radio resource constraints, transport issues, or security problems.
- The circuit-switched fallback success rate (CSFB SR%) measures the percentage of successful handovers from LTE to GSM or UMTS for circuit-switched calls. This allows LTE networks to support legacy telephone services.
The document discusses call drop issues in mobile networks. It begins by defining call drop as the abnormal release of traffic or signaling channels after successful seizure. It then provides formulas to calculate call drop rates and describes measurement points to analyze call drops. Finally, it analyzes common causes of high call drop rates such as radio link faults, handover failures, and timer expirations.
This document discusses various types of call forwarding in 3 sentences:
It describes unconditional and conditional call forwarding scenarios as well as no reply, busy, and not reachable scenarios. The state transition models show the signaling flows between network elements like the GMSC, HLR, MSC, and VLR when a call is forwarded due to various conditions like absent subscriber, no reply, radio congestion, or detachment. Registration, erasure, activation, and deactivation functions are also covered with regard to managing call forwarding numbers and services.
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for an eRAN network. It provides an overview of the KPI system, describing different categories of KPIs including accessibility, retainability, mobility, availability, utilization, traffic, and latency. It then gives detailed descriptions of example KPIs, such as RRC setup success rate, ERAB setup success rate, call drop rate, and handover success rates. Counters for measuring each KPI are also mapped out. The document aims to help monitor the performance of an eRAN network using these standardized KPIs.
VoLTE Service Monitoring - VoLTE Voice CallJose Gonzalez
There is currently no accepted standard for the measurement or monitoring of VoLTE Services, even though we believe that this is vital to assure the quality and reliability of such services - and to establish a framework for reliable comparison across implementations.
To this end Ascom has defined a formal definition and implementation strategy to help the Operations team solve a range of challenges, including issues related to EPC, IMS and the Application Server. We will describe this solution in a number of short articles.
This article describes the architecture of our solution and the VoLTE Voice Call test case.
The document discusses various LTE measurement parameters and procedures including:
1. The eNB reports a list of detected PRACH preambles and measures timing advance, average RSSI, average SINR, UL CSI, and transport BLER for RRM purposes.
2. UE measurements include CQI, RSRP, and RSRQ while eNB measurements include timing advance, RSSI, SINR, UL CSI, detected preambles, and transport BLER. Inter-RAT measurements are also discussed.
3. Examples of RSRP, RSRQ, and timing advance procedures are provided along with CQI measurement details. PLMN selection, cell selection,
The document describes call flows for circuit switched fallback (CSFB) in an EPS network. It discusses the network architecture involving an MME, MSC Server and SGs interface. It then provides details on attach procedures, SMS over SGs, and mobile originating and terminating call flows. The flows illustrate how a device registered in both the MME and MSC can initiate and receive CS services like calls and SMS when camped on an LTE network via CSFB.
This document describes several 2G and 3G layer 3 messages including their purpose and key information elements. For 2G, it summarizes Sys info types 1-6 which broadcast system information to mobile stations in idle and dedicated modes, including things like channel allocation and cell parameters. It also describes messages like Measurement Report, Immediate Assignment, and Handover Command that are used for handover and connection management. For 3G, it lists 21 different message types like Measurement Report and Active Set Update used for mobility management and connection control.
The document discusses various parameters used in LTE drive testing including:
- RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RSSI, CQI, PCI, BLER, and throughput which provide information on signal strength, quality, and performance. Phone-based drive testing allows monitoring of these parameters and correlation with data performance. MIMO and handovers between LTE and other technologies can also be evaluated. Key metrics include coverage, capacity, and end-user experience.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 3G radio networks. It provides an overview of important KPIs such as call setup success rate, call drop rate, and data throughput. It describes methods for measuring KPIs including drive testing, stationary testing, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses how to optimize radio networks by adjusting parameters and resolving issues to improve KPIs like accessibility, retainability, and service integrity. Case studies demonstrate analyzing and troubleshooting KPI issues.
This document discusses various causes and troubleshooting steps related to 2G call drops and unsuccessful handovers. It addresses issues like low signal strength, interference, incorrect parameter settings, transmission faults, hardware faults, and more. The key performance indicators of TCH Drop Rate and Handover Failure Rate are defined. Causes of dropped calls on traffic channels include excessive timing advance, low signal strength, poor quality, sudden loss of connection, and other factors. Investigation steps provided include checking error logs, parameters, neighboring cell definitions, transmission quality, antenna installation, and more.
The document discusses 4G LTE drive testing. It describes the necessary equipment for drive testing including a notebook, GPS, and LTE dongle. It outlines key LTE radio parameters that are measured like PCI, RSRP, SINR, and MIMO. It also discusses measuring UE state information, throughput, and LTE access procedures including attach requests, random access failures, and E-RAB failures. Finally, it compares the impact of ANR capabilities versus UE capabilities on measuring neighboring cells within and between eNodeBs.
Huawei - Access failures troubleshooting work shopnavaidkhan
This document provides information on troubleshooting access failures in mobile networks, including:
1. It describes the general call setup procedure and potential points of failure, such as RRC, paging, and RACH access failures.
2. Common causes of access failures are discussed, like RF issues, radio parameter problems, and other miscellaneous causes.
3. Guidance is given on how to identify and resolve different types of failures, including steps to troubleshoot RRC access failures through analyzing configuration, alarms, traffic patterns, and radio parameters.
1) The document describes key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the performance of an LTE radio network. It defines KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency.
2) Accessibility KPIs measure aspects like call setup success rate, RRC setup success rate, and E-RAB setup success rate. Mobility KPIs evaluate handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies.
3) Retainability KPIs track metrics such as call drop rate and call setup completion rate. The document also provides details on how to calculate each KPI and which counters are needed to measure the underlying events.
1) The document describes key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the performance of an LTE radio network. It discusses KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency.
2) Accessibility KPIs measure aspects like call setup success rate, RRC setup success rate, and E-RAB setup success rate. Retainability KPIs measure call drop rate and call setup completion rate. Mobility KPIs measure handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies.
3) For each KPI, the document provides a definition, calculation formula, and description of which network events and counters are needed to measure the KPI. Baseline
The document provides an overview and analysis flow for optimizing the performance of a mobile network. It discusses various problems that can occur like low availability of control channels, congestion on signaling and traffic channels, and high drop call rates. For each problem, it lists probable causes and recommends actions to identify the issue and solutions to resolve it, such as adjusting configuration parameters, adding network capacity, or improving frequency planning. MML commands are also provided to check device logs, resources, and performance statistics for troubleshooting purposes.
Nokia gsm-kpi-analysis-based-on-daily-monitoring-basis-presentationmohammed khairy
This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring a GSM network and reasons for and solutions to common issues. It provides relationships between different network elements and describes concepts like SD blocking, SD drop, TCH blocking, TCH assignment, TCH drop, and handover success rate (HOSR). For each KPI, it outlines potential causes for degradation and recommendations to address hardware faults, interference, parameter misconfiguration, and other problems.
The document discusses drive test analysis for mobile networks. It describes the key elements of an effective drive test program including understanding network performance using call and data metrics. The drive test process involves defining test routes and clusters, collecting data, analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) like call setup success rate and throughput, and troubleshooting issues. Defining test cases, KPIs, and categorizing failures is important for understanding genuine network problems versus measurement errors.
The document outlines basic call flows for location updates, mobile originating calls (MOC), mobile terminating calls (MTC), and IP calls. It describes the key steps as:
1) Location update involves identity response, authentication between the SIM and MSC, update location requests, and ciphering.
2) For MOC, the mobile station sends a setup message with the dialed number, the MSC sends a send routing information message to the HLR, and the HLR responds with routing instructions allowing the call to be connected.
3) For MTC, the MSC requests a roaming number from the HLR, the HLR provides a number and the MSC pages the mobile station to alert
The document discusses the requirements and configuration of Inter Frequency Load Balancing (IFLB) in LTE networks. IFLB aims to balance traffic load across cells on different frequencies by offloading user equipment between those cells. Key steps in IFLB include determining cell load, exchanging load information, selecting offload candidates, and handing users over to target cells if their signal quality is sufficient. The document provides guidance on setting parameters that control IFLB behavior and thresholds.
- The RRC setup procedure success rate (RRC SR%) measures the percentage of successful RRC connection setups. Failures can be due to resource limitations, radio conditions, or configuration issues.
- The E-RAB setup success rate (E-RAB SR%) measures the percentage of successful data radio bearer setups. Failures can be due to radio resource constraints, transport issues, or security problems.
- The circuit-switched fallback success rate (CSFB SR%) measures the percentage of successful handovers from LTE to GSM or UMTS for circuit-switched calls. This allows LTE networks to support legacy telephone services.
The document discusses call drop issues in mobile networks. It begins by defining call drop as the abnormal release of traffic or signaling channels after successful seizure. It then provides formulas to calculate call drop rates and describes measurement points to analyze call drops. Finally, it analyzes common causes of high call drop rates such as radio link faults, handover failures, and timer expirations.
This document discusses various types of call forwarding in 3 sentences:
It describes unconditional and conditional call forwarding scenarios as well as no reply, busy, and not reachable scenarios. The state transition models show the signaling flows between network elements like the GMSC, HLR, MSC, and VLR when a call is forwarded due to various conditions like absent subscriber, no reply, radio congestion, or detachment. Registration, erasure, activation, and deactivation functions are also covered with regard to managing call forwarding numbers and services.
This document summarizes GSM architecture and call flows, including inter-MSC and intra-MSC call flows. Inter-MSC call flow occurs between two different MSCs, while intra-MSC call flow is between two BSCs within the same MSC. The inter-MSC call flow involves signaling between the BSC, MSC-O, MSC-T, HLR, and RNC to set up and release the call bearers. The intra-MSC call flow involves signaling between the MS-O, BSC-O, MSC/VLR, MGW, HLR, BSC-T, and MS-T to authenticate, set up, and release call bearers within a single MSC
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for an eRAN network. It provides an overview of the KPI system, describing different categories of KPIs including accessibility, retainability, mobility, availability, utilization, traffic, and latency. It then gives detailed descriptions of example KPIs, such as RRC setup success rate, ERAB setup success rate, call drop rate, and handover success rates. Counters for measuring each KPI are also mapped out. The document aims to help monitor the performance of an eRAN network using these standardized KPIs.
VoLTE Service Monitoring - VoLTE Voice CallJose Gonzalez
There is currently no accepted standard for the measurement or monitoring of VoLTE Services, even though we believe that this is vital to assure the quality and reliability of such services - and to establish a framework for reliable comparison across implementations.
To this end Ascom has defined a formal definition and implementation strategy to help the Operations team solve a range of challenges, including issues related to EPC, IMS and the Application Server. We will describe this solution in a number of short articles.
This article describes the architecture of our solution and the VoLTE Voice Call test case.
The document discusses optimization of Voice over LTE (VoLTE) networks, including planning, implementation, key performance indicators (KPIs), challenges, and testing tools. It provides an introduction to VoLTE and describes the phases of VoLTE deployment. Metrics for analyzing VoLTE performance from terminal logs, traces collected at the Mobility Management Entity (MME), and Wireshark logs are outlined. Finally, flow charts are presented for optimizing VoLTE accessibility, retainability, and mobility based on drive test and operations support system (OSS) statistics analysis.
There is currently no accepted standard for the measurement or monitoring of RCS Services, even though we believe that this is vital to assure the quality and reliability of such services -and to establish a framework for reliable comparison across implementations.
To this end Ascom has defined a formal definition and implementation strategy to help the Operations team solve a range of challenges, including issues related to EPC, IMS and the Application Server.
We will describe this solution in a number of short articles. This article describes the 1-to-1 Chat test case.
Ce the cio perspective part ii v2 3 21-6-11Nir Cohen
Carrier Ethernet SLAs typically include commitments for bandwidth, class of service levels, quality of service guarantees, and response times. Key performance indicators covered include availability, latency, jitter, and packet loss, which can affect user experience. Monitoring and reporting tools are important to ensure the provider is meeting the guaranteed SLA levels. Service providers implement traffic management, monitoring, fault detection and repair tools to guarantee Carrier Ethernet SLAs.
Ce the cio perspective part ii v2 3 21-6-11Nir Cohen
This is the second presentation out of 3 on Slideshare reviewing the enterprise needs, issues and considerations from WAN services from CIO point of view. This presentation series is for CIOs and the providers that offer such services. All you need to know about carrier Ethernet service levels and SLAs – what matters to the users and what a service provider should offer.
Part I – why chose carrier Ethernet WAN services
Part II – Service levels and SLA
Part III – Ethernet and IP VPNs – when to use each
A webinar session helping mobile operators understand the following concepts:
• What is the difference between VoLTE interconnect and roaming?
• What are the critical steps and components necessary to successfully implement a VoLTE interconnect solution?
• How do Electronic Number Mapping (ENUM), session and policy control, and interworking impact VoLTE interconnect?
• What are other interconnect services – such as ViLTE, SMS-over IP (SMSoIP) and Rich Communications Services (RCS), including Wi-Fi calling – that mobile providers can implement using the IMS framework needed for VoLTE?
Customer-Centric Service Quality ManagementTTI Telecom
The document discusses improving customer-centric service quality management. It emphasizes integrating a variety of network and customer data to create a unified service management system. This allows monitoring key performance indicators and identifying issues to proactively alert of service irregularities. Taking a customer-focused approach to service quality monitoring and maintaining it as an ongoing process can help close the gap between customer needs and operator service quality.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
1) The document describes key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the performance of an LTE radio network. It discusses KPIs related to accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency.
2) Accessibility KPIs measure aspects like call setup success rate, RRC setup success rate, and E-RAB setup success rate. Retainability KPIs measure call drop rate and call setup completion rate. Mobility KPIs measure handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies.
3) For each KPI, the document provides a definition, calculation formula, and description of which network events and counters are needed to measure the KPI. Baseline
The Mobile Network’s Founder and Editor, Keith Dyer, joins Syniverse’s Chief Marketing Officer, Mary Clark, and Senior Solutions Engineer, Leo Casey, this week to help mobile operators better understand the future of roaming and charging settlement for VoLTE.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for evaluating 4G LTE radio network performance. It describes KPIs in four categories: accessibility, retainability, mobility, and latency. Accessibility KPIs measure setup success rates for RRC connection, S1 signaling connection, and EPS bearer. Retainability KPIs measure call drop rates and call setup completion rates. Mobility KPIs measure handover success rates within LTE and between LTE and other technologies. Latency KPIs measure access latency and interrupt latency. Counters and formulas are provided for calculating each KPI.
This document discusses PSTN/ISDN emulation and IMS/NGN reference benchmarking. It provides an overview of the benchmark development process, including defining standard scenarios and call flows, metrics to measure, and how to standardize test procedures. The document outlines the history of benchmarking standards, benchmark information models, example use cases and scenarios. It also provides examples of load profiles, metrics and design objectives, and what gets included in benchmark reports. The goal is to create an objective means to compare the performance of different IMS systems through standardized benchmark testing.
volte ims network architecture tutorial - Explained Vikas Shokeen
I have described VoLTE IMS Architecture in simplified way . Are you also finding 3GPP Specs complicated & Complex for VoLTE IMS . It covers Role played by individual Networks Elements as mentioned below :-
# VoLTE SIP Handset : SIP Support , UAC , UAS , User Agent , SIP-UA
# Underlying LTE Network : MME , SGW , PGW , PCRF , HSS , Dedicated Bearer , QCI , Default Bearer
# IMS Core : SIP Servers , P-CSCF , I-CSCF , S-CSCF , TAS , MMTEL , BGw , MRF , ATCF , ATGW , IBCF , MGCF , IM-MGW , TrGW
# Voice Core or PSTN Network for Break-in or Break-out Calls
An Oversight or a New Customer Phenomenon, Getting the Most of your Contact C...Cisco Canada
As corporations consistently seek to maximize customer loyalty, secure predictable revenue, gain a competitive advantage and ensure customer satisfaction, more than often the words ‘Contact Center’ are never spoken. Much of the budget is allocated to the corporate marketing groups as they unveil flashy new websites, packaging and literature targeted for new and existing customers. More often than not, the Contact Center which is a critical portal to these customers is neglected with respect to revenue generation and customer loyalty.
As LTE networks start to mature across the world, more and more carriers are looking to introduce voice services on LTE networks using a technology called Voice over LTE (VoLTE). However, making sure the VoLTE user experience is as good as—or preferably better than—legacy 2G/3G voice services is very challenging.
This SlideShare presentation cover the following:
- How VoLTE is different from legacy wireless voice services
- The VoLTE user experience, and how to measure it
- Key elements of a successful test and verification strategy
The document discusses service quality monitoring in SIP-based networks. It describes monitoring the performance of SIP sessions through metrics that measure registration request delay, session request delay, session disconnect delay, and more. It outlines a holistic approach to SIP monitoring involving four phases: session processing, metric dimensioning and creation, service degradation rules, and root-cause isolation. The goal is to understand customer experience, proactively identify quality issues, and ensure service level agreements are met.
The document discusses network audit of a radio access network (RAN) in a GSM system. It provides details on:
1) The benefits of network audits in identifying issues, improving quality and processes, and optimizing network design.
2) The steps of a network audit including information gathering, analysis, and recommendations.
3) Key performance indicators measured for the RAN including accessibility, retainability, neighbor parameters, frequency planning, and competitive benchmarks.
4) An example audit of a city's network where data was collected and analyzed to identify problems and make recommendations for optimization.
The document provides an overview of the interfaces, protocols, and IMS stack used in VoLTE networks. It discusses the control plane and user plane links in LTE networks like S1MME, S5/S8, S10, S11 as well as the control plane links in IMS like Sh, Ro, Cx, Rx. It also summarizes key protocols like SIP, Diameter, SCTP, and UDP and how they are used across the different interfaces in LTE and VoLTE networks. Diagrams are included to illustrate the network domains and protocol stack design.
This document provides an overview of Voice over WiFi (VoWifi) including the key nodes involved and their roles. It discusses the user equipment (UE), evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG), AAA server, PGW, HSS, IMS, and PCRF nodes. The UE establishes an IPsec tunnel with the ePDG to access the EPC over an untrusted WiFi network. The ePDG and AAA server perform authentication. The existing PGW, HSS, IMS, and PCRF nodes are reused to support VoWifi calls and handovers between VoLTE and VoWifi. Key performance indicators for each node are also measured to ensure quality of VoWifi user experience
Telco cloud 04 - Hypervisor vs ContainerVikas Shokeen
Introduction & Tutorial for Introduction to Hypervisor , Docker & Container . Covering basics of Virtual machines Hypervisor Vs Containers Dockers & How they work in Cloud computing
What is Hypervisor ?
What is Container & Docker ?
Difference between container Vs hypervisor
Benefits of Container
Use Cases in Telco Industry
Covering Introduction & Tutorial for Telco Cloud Network , Virtualization , SDN / NFV , or Cloud Native Networks .. I am going to discuss all of these along with real life examples . In this Video , We will understand Why Cloud Native Networks have become necessity for Telecom Operators . What values & Benefits cloud networks are going to bring it to Operators
Basics & Introduction of Telco Cloud
Why Cloud Network are required in Telecom ?
How cloud solve problem of Telecom Operators & Carriers
How SDN & NFV works in telecom
How Cloud and Virtualization helps for better Capacity Management ?
The Cloud Solution
- SDN : Software defined network : Introduction & Basics
- Why we need SDN & Features of SDN
- SDN Role in Data and Forwarding Plane , Control Plane & Management Plane
- SDN Framework & Architecture
- Openflow Architecture
- Need of SDN
Telco Cloud - 01. introduction to Telco cloudVikas Shokeen
Introduction to Telco Cloud Basics – NFV , SDN . Architecture & Benefits of Cloud Network for Telecom Operators
http://telecomtutorial.info
Covering Introduction & Tutorial for Telco Cloud Network , Virtualization , SDN / NFV , or Cloud Native Networks .. I am going to discuss all of these along with real life examples . In this Video , We will understand Why Cloud Native Networks have become necessity for Telecom Operators . What values & Benefits cloud networks are going to bring it to Operators
Basics & Introduction of Telco Cloud
Why Cloud Network are required in Telecom ?
How cloud solve problem of Telecom Operators & Carriers
How SDN & NFV works in telecom
How Cloud and Virtualization helps for better Capacity Management ?
The Cloud Solution
Linkedin : www.linkedin.com/in/vikas-shokeen
http://telecomtutorial.info
Covering Introduction & Tutorial for Virtualization & NFV in Telco Networks . Covering Difference between NFV & SDN or How they work . Both architectures use network abstraction, they do so differently. While NFV covers Softwarization , Virtualization and makes building blocks ready , SDN forwards data packets from one network device to another. At the same time, SDN's networking control functions for routing & policy definition
• NFV : Network function Virtualization : Introduction & Basics
• Why we need NFV & Features of NFV
• ETSI Framework & Specs
• NFV Architecture
• Need of SDN
Connect Me @ Linkedin : www.linkedin.com/in/vikas-shokeen
Telco Cloud - 02. Introduction to NFV - Network Function VirtualizationVikas Shokeen
http://telecomtutorial.info
Covering Introduction & Tutorial for Virtualization & NFV in Telco Networks . Covering Difference between NFV & SDN or How they work . Both architectures use network abstraction, they do so differently. While NFV covers Softwarization , Virtualization and makes building blocks ready , SDN forwards data packets from one network device to another. At the same time, SDN's networking control functions for routing & policy definition
• NFV : Network function Virtualization : Introduction & Basics
• Why we need NFV & Features of NFV
• ETSI Framework & Specs
• NFV Architecture
• Need of SDN
Connect Me @ Linkedin : www.linkedin.com/in/vikas-shokeen
Telco Cloud - 04. introduction to hypervisor , docker & containerVikas Shokeen
Introduction & Tutorial for Introduction to Hypervisor , Docker & Container . Covering basics of Virtual machines Hypervisor Vs Containers Dockers & How they work in Cloud computing
What is Hypervisor ?
What is Container & Docker ?
Difference between container Vs hypervisor
Benefits of Container
Use Cases in Telco Industry
Connect Me @ Linkedin : www.linkedin.com/in/vikas-shokeen
I have described VoLTE IMS Architecture in simplified way . Are you also finding 3GPP Specs complicated & Complex for VoLTE IMS . It covers Role played by individual Networks Elements as mentioned below :-
# VoLTE SIP Handset : SIP Support , UAC , UAS , User Agent , SIP-UA
# Underlying LTE Network : MME , SGW , PGW , PCRF , HSS , Dedicated Bearer , QCI , Default Bearer
# IMS Core : SIP Servers , P-CSCF , I-CSCF , S-CSCF , TAS , MMTEL , BGw , MRF , ATCF , ATGW , IBCF , MGCF , IM-MGW , TrGW
# Voice Core or PSTN Network for Break-in or Break-out Calls
VoLTE Voice over LTE Explained - Complete End to End VoLTE Overview - What is...Vikas Shokeen
Complete End to End Tutorial on Fundamentals & Basics of VoLTE , IMS Technology & VoLTE Overview ( Voice Over LTE )
- What is VoLTE
- Network Evolution to VoLTE
- How to Enable VoLTE in handset
- Differences between VoLTE & CSFB Call
- Voice call in LTE & VoLTE Networks
- Evolution of Voice Call
- VoLTE - Benefits for Users
- VoLTE - Benefits for Operators
- VoLTE Challenges
- Congestion handling for VoLTE Traffic
VoLTE Voice over LTE Explained - Complete End to End VoLTE Overview - What is...Vikas Shokeen
Complete End to End Tutorial on Fundamentals & Basics of VoLTE , IMS Technology & VoLTE Overview ( Voice Over LTE )
- What is VoLTE
- Network Evolution to VoLTE
- How to Enable VoLTE in handset
- Differences between VoLTE & CSFB Call
- Voice call in LTE & VoLTE Networks
- Evolution of Voice Call
- VoLTE - Benefits for Users
- VoLTE - Benefits for Operators
- VoLTE Challenges
- Congestion handling for VoLTE Traffic
SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) in VoLTE & Comparison with CSFBVikas Shokeen
SRVCC allows a voice call on an LTE network to be handed over to a 2G or 3G network when the user moves out of LTE coverage, ensuring the call does not drop. It uses the STN-SR identity to route the call via the MSC to the IMS network. During the SRVCC handover, the MME splits the voice bearer from other bearers and initiates relocation of the voice bearer to the MSC while relocating other bearers to the SGSN. The MSC then establishes the CS leg with the IMS network using STN-SR to complete the handover without dropping the call.
volte call flow - SIP IMS Call Flow - MO and MT Call - Volte Mobile originati...Vikas Shokeen
This document discusses the call flow process for a VoLTE call between two parties (A and B) using an LTE network. It involves the following key steps:
1. Party A's IMS network sends an SIP INVITE message to Party B's IMS network with an SDP offer to initiate the call.
2. Resources are reserved on the LTE networks for both parties. SDP negotiations take place to agree on a codec.
3. Once resources are reserved and preconditions met, Party B's phone will ring. When answered, Party B sends a SIP 200 OK message to complete the call setup.
4. The media path is then established between the two parties
ims registration call flow procedure volte sipVikas Shokeen
This PDF , VoLTE IMS Registration tutorial covers IMS Registration sip procedure in depth & Provides extract of 3GPP / GSMA Specs , I am covering below call flow in Depth :-
- LTE Attach & Default Internet EPS bearer
- Role of QCI-1 ( Voice ) , QCI-5 (SIP Signaling) , QCI-6 to 9 (Internet)
- Default Vs Dedicated Bearer in LTE
- Default IMS EPS bearer in LTE
- SIP and IMS Registration
- TAS Registration
1. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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2. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VOLTE IMS KPI & PERFORMANCE
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This
includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
CST : Call Setup Time (s)
MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
Mute Rate (%)
MOS Score (1-5)
RTP Packet Loss (%)
One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
Call Drop rate (%)
SRVCC Success Rate (%)
Handover SR (%)
3. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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Welcome to this tutorial of KPI & Performance Indicators for VoLTE IMS Network . KPI
stands for Key Performance Indicator & KPI is a type of performance measurement that
helps you understand how your network is performing . In simple words , This represents
the result and Score card of your Network . Every Operator decide which set of KPIs to be
monitored based on market situations & network state . Here , I am covering exhaustive
mandatory KPI list which is used almost everywhere in all the Operators ranging from
AT&T USA to Korea to Japan to India to Middle East & Europe . The KPIs are classified
into various categories such as Accessibility , Retainability , Integrity , Availability ,
Reliability , Utilization , Mobility etc..
For End to End VoLTE IMS network performance , You need KPI & Counters from all Network
elements responsible to provide VoLTE IMS Service . This involves KPIs from S-CSCF / TAS which
typically governs Signaling & call routing function
Similarly KPIs of SBC & P-CSCF will provide you Insights of User plane which carries actual voice
speech . You can see quality of voice payload traffic such as MOS , Mute Calls , One Way Calls etc
.. by looking on these SBC KPI .
Few Operator uses External probes to get these KPIs as well .
On Other hand , You also need to see KPIs of Packet Core and Radio which plays vital role in
maintaining user Mobility & dedicated bearer used for VoLTE IMS Service
I am going to cover enough material on VoLTE KPI for General understanding , However you can
refer Specs 3GPP TS 32.454 , TS 32.409 & GSMA IR.42 for advanced studies
4. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance indicators
These are Real KPIs used for VoLTE IMS Network :-
The 1st One is TAS KPIs which provides clear insight on Signaling related KPIs such as CSSR –
Call Setup Success Rate , CST – Call Setup Time & MHT/ACD – Average Call duration
The 2nd One is SBC KPIs which gives us plenty of User Plane KPIs related with Speech Quality
such as MOS Score , Mute Rate , RTP Packet Loss & One Way Calls
This One is SGW / PGW KPI which gives us Bearer specific intelligence & KPIs
Next One is MME / SGW / PGW KPIs provides us Attach , Mobility & Paging specific KPIs such as
VoLTE ASR – Volte Attach Success Rate , VoLTE PSR – Paging Success Rate , Dedicated Bearer
Activation Success Rate
The last but most critical are Radio KPIs provided by EnodeB . These covers VoLTE Call Drop rate ,
SRVCC Success Rate , Handover SR : S1 , X2
Let’s understand these KPIs in Detail moving ahead
5. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE Control Plane Performance KPIs
We will start with detailed understanding of VoLTE Control Plane Performance KPIs .
These are generated by P-CSCF & TAS
P-CSCF KPI
RSR which stands for Registration Success Ratio (%)
TAS Generates rest of KPIs such as
CSSR Call Setup Success Rate (%)
CST Call Setup Time (s)
MHT/ACD Average Call duration (s)
6. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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RSR – VoLTE Registration Success Rate (%)
RSR – VoLTE Registration Success Rate (%)
RSR is also called as Registration Success Rate . This is key KPI used to depict the
probability of UE successfully registering to IMS Network ,If this KPI is degraded ,
Customers will not be able to use VoLTE Services due failures in Registration .
RSR is calculated as % of SIP Registration Request getting successful . Once Registration
is successful , The IMS network will reply back with 200 OK Message back to UE . Please
Note , The First SIP REGISTER request will always fail with Error 401 which is part of call
flow . Refer my another tutorial on SIP Registration for more details on same . While
Calculating RSR , We exclude & ignore 401 Failures and Consider all other SIP Errors for
calculation of RSR
This is measured in % . The healthy value of RSR is 99%+
This KPI is categorized under family of Accessibility KPIs
Source of this KPI is P-CSCF , However , this can also be generated by S-CSCF
Here is actual Call flow where request goes all the way from UE to P-CSCF to IMS Core &
200 OK Response is tagged as successful
7. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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CSSR – Call Setup Success Rate – MO , MT (%)
CSSR – Call Setup Success Rate – MO , MT (%)
CSSR tells you how easily users are able to make or receive calls on VoLTE Network .
CSSR stands for Call Setup Success Rate . This is calculated separately for Outgoing MO
& Incoming MT Calls . The CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated or
received by the user . With Low CSSR , Customers will not be able to use make or
Received VoLTE Calls .
Outgoing or MO Call CSSR is calculated as % Calls of able to use network without any
problem . Here we count calls failed due to user behavior such Busy , not reachable etc..
also in Normal Call ending or success . Calls failed due to Network issues will be treated
as failure and will degrade CSSR
This is measured in % . The healthy value of CSSR is 99%+
This KPI is categorized under family of Integrity and retainability KPIs
Typical Source of this KPI is TAS , However , this can also be generated by P-CSCF
Here is actual Call flow which shows request gone thru handset & responses from IMS
Network
8. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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CST – Call Setup Time (s)
CST – Call Setup Time (s)
The 3rd critical KPI in IMS VoLTE Network is CST or Call Setup Time . CST is overall
length of time required to establish a circuit-switched call between users . CST is Time
between the start of the call and the moment the phone of the called party starts ringing. In
other words CST or PDD is considered as the time required for call to pass thru Network
and reaches B Party User . This is calculated as Difference between Ringing Time to
Invite Time . High CST will lead to delays & Silence period before Ring, High CST will
obviously will deteriorate user experience
This is measured in Seconds . The healthy value of CST is Less than 2.5s
This KPI is categorized under family of Integrity and retainability KPIs
Typical Source of this KPI is TAS
There could very high CST which degrades user experience due to below reasons :-
B party user is not in VoLTE , It will use 2G / 3G and CSFB for which Call Setup time is high
B Party is Idle & Need to connect with Paging Required
B Party is in low coverage
Congestion in B Party Radio or Network
High Re-Transmission & High Latency in Network
9. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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MHT or ACD – Average Call Duration (s)
MHT or ACD – Average Call Duration (s)
Let’s discuss Mean Holding time or Average Call Duration . ACD is the average length of
an answered call made over the network . This KPI falls under family of Control plane but
reveals very important information about user plane , Let’s take example , If Avg Call
Duration have reduced in your network , This means that calls are being answered but
there is some issue with Speech path . Low ACD or Low MHT shows either calls are
getting mute or Its One Way Speech or Voice Quality is very bad leading to users forced to
disconnect the call much earlier
10. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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Clear Code Monitoring in TAS
Clear Code Monitoring in TAS
Monitoring Clear Codes generated by TAS is best way to know health and Pulse of
Network . By Definition … A clear code is the identifier code of the reason to clear a call .
This not only tells us about Internal Network Call failures but also Highlights failures
happening out side in other Operator Networks as well .
Clear Code or End of Selection (EOS) Report depicts possible reason for failure of call .
This is complete list of cause codes which tell us exact reason why call failed . Let’s take
example , If we see sudden spike in CC34 No Circuit Channel Available .. This shows
congestion in Network where calls are not able to move ahead .
Benefits Uses of Clear Codes based Monitoring
It provides Complete Check on Outgoing call made by Users both External / Internal
It Detect failures at Early stage , Any major outbreak of Clear codes gives us Alert on Network
Outage
You can get list of clear Codes from Specs GSM 04.08 ( Annexure H )
001 Unassigned (unallocated) number
002 No route to specific transit network
003 No route to destination
004 Send special info tone
005 Misdialled trunk prefix
006 Channel unacceptable
11. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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007 Call awarded and being delivered in establ.channel
008 Operator determined barring
009 Preemption – circuit reserved for reuse
016 Normal call clearing
017 User busy
018 No user responding
019 No answer from user (user alerted)
020 Subscriber absent
021 Call rejected
022 Number changed
026 Non-selected user clearing
027 Destination out of order
028 Invalid number format
029 Facility rejected
030 Response to STATUS ENQUIRY
031 Normal, unspecified
034 No circuit/channel available
038 Network out of order
039 Permanent frame mode connection out of service
040 Permanent frame mode connection operational
041 Temporary failure
042 Switching equipment congestion
043 Access information discarded
044 Requested channel/circuit not available
046 Precedence call blocked
047 Resource unavailable
049 Requested facility not subscribed
050 Requested facility not subscribed
053 Outgoing calls barred within CUG
055 Incoming calls barred within CUG
057 Bearer capability not authorized
058 Bearer capability not presently available
062 Inconsistency in designed outg. access inf. and subscr. class
063 Service or option not available, unspecified
065 Bearer capability not implemented
066 Channel type not implemented
068 ACM equal to or greater than ACMmax
069 Req.facility not implemented
069 Requested facility not implemented
070 Only restricted digital bearer cap. is available
079 Service or option not implemented, unspecified
081 Invalid call reference value
082 Identified channel does not exist
083 A suspended call exists, but this call identity does not
084 Call identity in use
12. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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085 No call suspended
086 Call having the requested call identity has been cleared
087 User not member of CUG
088 Incompatible destination
090 Non-existing CUG
091 Invalid transit network selection
095 Invalid message, unspecified
096 Mandatory information element is missing
097 Message type non-existing or not implemented
098 Message incompatible with call state or mesg type non-existent or not implemented
099 Information element non-existent or not implemented
100 Invalid information element contents
101 Message not compatible with call state
102 Recovery on timer expiry
103 Parameter non-existent or not implemented – passed on
110 Message with unrecognized parameter discarded “Protocol error, unspecified
113 Interworking, unspecified
13. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE User Plane Performance KPIs
VoLTE User Plane Performance KPIs
Now , We will discuss understanding of VoLTE User Plane Performance KPIs . These are
generated by SBC / P-CSCF or External Packet Captures Probes deployed in network
Mute Rate (%)
MOS Score (1-5)
RTP Packet Loss (%)
One Way Calls (%)
14. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE Mute Rate (%)
VoLTE Mute Rate (%)
Mute Calls is measurement of % of Calls where call are getting mute in both direction .
Going by Formulae ,this is % of Calls Muted i.e. samples > 2 or 5s RTP loss in both
direction will be treated as Muted call
Here also , This value of RTP Packets missing varies from 2 to 5 Seconds operator to
Operator . Unavailability of Packets for 2 Seconds is very aggressive value & 5 Seconds is
bit relaxed
This is measured in % . The healthy value of mute call is less than 1%
This KPI is categorized under family of VoLTE service integrity (voice quality)
This KPI is generated in External Probes monitoring RTP Packets or SBC
15. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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MOS Score ( 1 to 5 )
MOS Score ( 1 to 5 )
The Most Important Metric of Mean Opinion Score is a measure of voice quality, MOS has
been used in telephony for decades as a way to assess the human users opinion of call
quality .A Low MOS tell us that speech Quality is bad .
MOS is expressed in numeric from 1 to 5 , 1 being the worst and 5 the best. MOS is very
very subjective, as it is based figures that result from what is perceived by people
The Mean Opinion Score Values
5 – Perfect. Like face-to-face conversation
4 – Fair , Some Quality issues , but sound still clear. This is (supposedly) the range for cell phones.
3 – Annoying
2 – Very annoying. Nearly impossible to communicate
1 – Impossible to communicate
Our Target should be to keep MOS Better than 3.5 & Its is measured by SBC Typically
By its very name “Opinion”, the MOS, Mean Opinion Score was a subjective measurement
used to test the listener’s perception of the voice quality, and clarity of the communication .
During measurement , All factors are taken in account such as Listening Quality ,
Transmission Quality , Conversational Quality
16. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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It’s important to understand that the MOS score is measured on a relative scale, built on a
variety of factors that can affect voice quality. Because of this, there are many factors that
can affect the MOS score on VoIP system that would not be a factor on a regular phone
line. These include :-
Bandwidth
Jitter
Latency
Packet Loss
Codec Used
17. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE RTP Packet Loss %
VoLTE RTP Packet Loss %
VoLTE RTP Packet Loss is another important KPIs which measures % Percentage of RTP
packets lost in the uplink or Downlink direction . High Packet loss will lead to Mutes , One
Way talk , Call Drops , Bad Quality , Garbled Voice . In total , This problem is mother of
evils for Bad Quality on VoLTE IMS Network
RTP Packet Loss is measured in % . The healthy value is less than 1%
This KPI is categorized under family of VoLTE service integrity (voice quality)
This KPI is generated in SBC
18. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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One Way Calls (%)
One Way Calls (%)
One Way Calls is measurement of % of Calls where call are getting mute in any one
direction . Going by Formulae , This is % of Calls having no Voice RTP Packets Counts for
2 or 5 Sec in either the upstream or downstream direction, but not both . High number of
one way call will lead to very bad user experience
This value of RTP Packets missing varies from 2 to 5 Seconds operator to Operator .
Unavailability of Packets for 2 Seconds is very aggressive value & 5 Seconds is bit relaxed
This is measured in % . The healthy value of One way call is less than 1%
This KPI is categorized under family of VoLTE service integrity (voice quality)
This KPI is generated in External Probes monitoring RTP Packets or SBC
19. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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LTE / 4G – VoLTE KPIs & Performance indicators
LTE 4G – VoLTE KPIs & Performance indicators
Let’s discuss other KPIs being generated by Packet Capture network
MME Generates counter / KPIs associated with Mobility & Attach :-
VoLTE Attach Success Rate (%)
VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
SGw / PGw also Generates counters associated with Bearers :-
IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
20. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE Attach Success Rate (%) &
VoLTE Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
VoLTE Attach Success Rate (%) & VoLTE Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
Let’s understand 2 important VoLTE IMS KPIs generated on MME / SGW ..
1. VoLTE Attach Success Rate : % of PDN Connect Request responded successfully by MME for IMS
APN ( This is equivalent to Attach Request – Response )
2. VoLTE Bearer Activation Success Rate : % of Create Session request got successful
21. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE PSR – Paging Success Rate (%)
VoLTE PSR – Paging Success Rate (%)
VoLTE PSR : VoLTE Paging Success Rate is rate of successful page responses to First
and Repeated Page Attempts made for QCI=5 . Paging Success Rate is just like any
paging request which is used to trace down user sitting idle out there in Field . For Every
incoming call to VoLTE user , Paging is sent by MME to user on QCI=5 so that SIP
Messages for Incoming calls can be sent to user
Low VoLTE PSR means user will not be able to receive VoLTE Incoming calls .
In case of Paging failure , T-ADS will happen and call be attempted on CS Fall Back .
More Number of T-ADS will hint us problem with VoLTE Paging
22. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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VoLTE IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
VoLTE IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
Just like Internet APN , There is IP Pool allocated to IMS APN as well . For any Dedicated
bearer establishment for VoLTE Services , IP is allocated by PGW from this IP Pool of IMS
APN . In case IP Pool Utilization is 100% , IMS VoLTE Users will not be able to Get IP
Allocated for IMS APN & Will not be able to Register VoLTE , Thereby Users Will not be
able to use VoLTE Network
We can allocate both IPv6 or IPv4 IP Pool to user for IMS
23. VoLTE IMS KPIs & Performance Indicators
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Radio / EnodeB KPIs
Radio – EnodeB KPIs
Radio Network EnodeB is also generating few critical KPIs required for overall health of
VoLTE IMS Network . These KPIs are :-
Call Drop rate (%) : This tells us % of calls getting dropped abnormally . This is calculated on QCI=5
Bearers dropped abnormally
SRVCC Success Rate (%) : This tells us % of calls successfully transferred with SRVCC from VoLTE
to 2G / 3G Network once user is moving on low LTE Coverage Zone
Handover SR (%) : Handover Success Rate on S1 & X2 is key to Mobility Services for VoLTE . This
is measured at EnodeB
With this , Our KPI Journey is complete , Hope this will bring more value for you