1) Lumpy skin disease was first reported in Indonesia in February 2022 in Riau Province, and has since spread to several other provinces, most recently to Central Java in August 2022.
2) As of February 2023, over 249,000 cattle have been vaccinated across 9 provinces as a control measure. Other control measures include movement restrictions, vector control, and educating farmers.
3) Key challenges to control efforts include the extensive animal farming system, illegal animal movement, limited number of vaccinators, and high workload from controlling both lumpy skin disease and foot-and-mouth disease. Recommended solutions include improving handling capacity, better border control, engaging other institutions to assist with vaccination
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Bovine tuberculosis epidemiology & control in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Tuberculosis in India is in hyperendemic state both in human and animals. No DOTS can help in control of human tuberculosis unless tuberculosis is controlled in animals. Control of tuberculosis in animals is a far reacheachable dream in India and thus the Tuberculosis will persist in India till the dooms day.
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) Globally and in India.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
LSD has emerged as a dairy industry devastating disease in India in the last four years. First noticed in Orrisa and is now present all over India. Recurring outbreaks are now noticed in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and other states indicating that the disease is becoming endemic in India.
Presentation by Don King from The Pirbright institute to the 42nd General Ses...ExternalEvents
Presentation by by N.Bulut (Tur) to the 42nd General Session of the EuFMD, 20-21 April 2017
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/commissions/eufmd/commissions/eufmd-home/reports/general-sessions/en/
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Bovine tuberculosis epidemiology & control in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Tuberculosis in India is in hyperendemic state both in human and animals. No DOTS can help in control of human tuberculosis unless tuberculosis is controlled in animals. Control of tuberculosis in animals is a far reacheachable dream in India and thus the Tuberculosis will persist in India till the dooms day.
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) Globally and in India.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
LSD has emerged as a dairy industry devastating disease in India in the last four years. First noticed in Orrisa and is now present all over India. Recurring outbreaks are now noticed in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and other states indicating that the disease is becoming endemic in India.
Presentation by Don King from The Pirbright institute to the 42nd General Ses...ExternalEvents
Presentation by by N.Bulut (Tur) to the 42nd General Session of the EuFMD, 20-21 April 2017
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/commissions/eufmd/commissions/eufmd-home/reports/general-sessions/en/
This ppt contains all the information about National Leprosy Eradication programme (NLEP). It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it
ISALẸ AGBARA PHC COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS FIELD WORK FEB 2024.pptxTolu Morakinyo
The fieldwork comprised a thorough community diagnosis conducted by 38 Public Health students from Osun State University, Osogbo, in February 2024, within the Isalẹ Agbara Community Area of Isalẹ Osun, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Four methodological approaches were employed:
1. Systematic review of the GOPD Register at the Community's Primary Health Care (PHC) facility to ascertain health-related trends and patterns.
2. Utilization of structured questionnaires administered to community residents to elucidate environmental health concerns and solicit community perspectives.
3. Conducting key informant interviews with PHC personnel to obtain insights into the prevalent health condition in the health facility.
4. Facilitating focus group discussions among community members to know the prevalent health issues in the community
These methodologies/tools enabled a comprehensive assessment of the community health needs and challenges, facilitating evidence-based interventions and policy formulation to enhance public health outcomes and interventions.
Public-Private Multistakeholder Platform for Last Mile Animal HealthcareEuFMD
To raise awareness on the new scope of practice of AHTs and the broader impact within the animal health sector.
To identify opportunities (both public and private sector mechanisms) to support AHTs in setting up sustainable businesses and improving smallholder farmer access to primary animal health care.
To develop a plan to support sustainable business development for AHTs.
To create an inclusive platform through which experiences and best models will be shared amongst members.
To facilitate collaboration among role players and act as an incubator for individual Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).
P. Compston - Identifying and addressing the barriers to effective FMD vaccin...EuFMD
Session VI
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya, with frequent outbreaks. Understanding socioeconomic drivers affecting disease control within Kenya’s livestock systems, and the cost-effectiveness of control options, are important components of designing an FMD control programme. This study aimed to integrate quantitative economic analysis with qualitative data to provide recommendations for disease control.
R. McManus - Investigating gaps for novel animal health surveillance data wit...EuFMD
Session VI
Sensors have become ubiquitous in our current world and the livestock farming sector offers multiple research avenues for the application of sensor technology, from early disease detection to virtual fencing. Animal health surveillance in Scotland currently relies on post-mortem examinations of animals and on data derived from laboratory submitted samples. Sensor-derived syndromic surveillance of livestock has been identified as a gap in Scotland’s current animal health surveillance capabilities. Real-time data from on-farm herds has the potential to underpin improved production and endemic disease detection and the earlier identification and investigation of potential outbreaks. Using the data journeys approach, the aim of this project is to elucidate the conceptual journey of thermal imagery and drone-derived data from farm to policy. This approach aims to situate data across interconnected sites of practice, highlighting the movement of data in and between sites and exposing areas of potential ‘data friction’. The term ‘data friction’ is used to describe the complex factors (political, ethical, legal, social and economic) that come together to slow down and restrict data generation, movement and use.
S. Mielke - Is FMDV serotype C extinct: What can the data tell us?EuFMD
Session VI
Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (O, A, C, SAT (1, 2, 3), and Asia 1) occur across seven regional virus pools. In each pool, the specific serotypes that circulate in the susceptible populations varies. Since 2004 there has been a noticeable absence of serotype C from recorded outbreak data. This serotype historically occurred across European countries, however the most recent cases (2004) occurred in pool 4 (Eastern Africa) and pool 7 (South America). Detailed reports from these outbreaks suggest the outbreak in pool 4 resulted from vaccine escape, while in pool 7 the outbreak resulted from natural infection in an isolated cattle population. Following these outbreaks, response measures were taken to address the vaccine quality and coverage in isolated populations. Now, with continued lack of serotype C detection, we are evaluating whether the available data and knowledge about FMD epidemiology can substantiate a claim of serotype C extinction.
S. Gubbins - Longitudinal animal and environmental sampling for FMDV in North...EuFMD
Session VI
Environmental sampling, in particular taking swabs of any surfaces likely to have been contaminated by infected animals, presents an opportunity for non-invasive sample collection, enabling cost-effective FMD surveillance beyond regular investigation of clinical cases. Linking the results of environmental sampling with those of other surveillance methods (e.g. oral swabs or serum samples) allows a comparison of the methods and shows how the results of different sampling methods are correlated.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
LSD symposium - N. Zainuddin - Indonesian experience on simultaneous LSD and FMD outbreaks
1. INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE ON LSD
CONTROL
Dr. Nuryani Zainuddin
Director of Animal Health, DGLAHS
Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
2. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
• OUTLINE • LSD FIRST INCURSION IN
SUMATERA AND JAVA
• LSD DISTRIBUTION: TEMPORAL
AND SPATIAL
• PREPAREDNESS BEFORE THE
INCURSION
• KEY CONTROL MEASURES
• CHALLENGES
3. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
FIRST INCURSION OF LSD IN INDONESIA
First report of LSD in Indonesia in Riau
7 February 2022
Report of LSD to WOAH
15 February 2022
First report of LSD in West Sumatera,
Jambi and Aceh, North Sumatera
March and April 2022
LSD vaccination initiated in Riau, Aceh,
North Sumatera, Jambi, West Sumatera
February, March, April 2022
First report of LSD in Central Java
August 2022
4. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Bulan/Tahun outbreak cases
Feb/2022 48 152
Mar/2022 107 211
Apr/2022 377 900
May/2022 584 2951
Jun/2022 702 5193
Jul/2022 223 1330
Aug/2022 567 1744
Sep/2022 438 1563
Oct/2022 247 778
Nov/2022 327 1510
Dec/2022 352 1171
Jan/2023 1700 4315
Feb/2023 2396 7168
Recently, reported LSD cases are
increasing, especially when it
spreads to Java Island where most of
the susceptible population detected
5. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
No. province outbreaks cases
1 Aceh 1643 5272
2 Banten 12 48
3 Bengkulu 45 79
4 Yogyakarta 723 2073
5 Jambi 84 169
6 West Java 109 320
7 Central Java 3016 8746
8 East Java 257 640
9 #Central Kalimantan1 1
10 Riau 296 744
11 *South Sulawesi 2 2
12 West Sumatera 875 2380
13 South Sumatera 84 397
14 North Sumatera 921 8115
From the first time LSD was detected in
February 2022 In Riau Prov., it took
around 6 months for the cases to spread
to Java Island. Central Java reported the
highest cases.
• Suspect cases in South Sulawesi
# Has been slaughtered
6. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
• Circular letter for LSD preparedness
to relevant stakeholders
• Developed contingency plan
guideline
• Added LSD as a priority disease
report in the iSIKHNAS
• Laboratory diagnostic training
• Clinical diagnostic training
• Emergency authorization of vaccine
use regulation
7. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
KEY MEASURES
1. Prevent contact between
susceptible animals LSD virus:
movement control
2. Stop LSD virus circulation in the
environment: vector control
3. Increase resistance/immunity of
susceptible animals: vaccination
8. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Prevent contact between
susceptible animals LSD virus:
educate and support farmers,
movement control
• At farmer’s level: giving supportive
therapy to affected animals and
educate farmers not to sell the sick
animals
• At administrative area level:
movement control between areas
(infected, free and suspected
areas)
9. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Vector Control
• Identification the type of
insects on the premises
• Implement chemical agent
and natural approach
(smoking, net installment)
Source: Dr. Faralinda
10. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Increase Resistance/Immunity
of Susceptible animals:
vaccination
• Ring vaccination: is implemented in
areas that reported outbreaks
Vaccination is conducted from 10
km outside the infected epi unit
(village)
• Preventive vaccination: is
implemented in “free” areas which
are bordered with the infected
areas
11. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Month/Year Number of vaccination
Mar/2022 6370
Apr/2022 16367
May/2022 6847
Jun/2022 4926
Jul/2022 3650
Aug/2022 2956
Sep/2022 17124
Oct/2022 16611
Nov/2022 74526
Dec/2022 55951
Jan/2023 33501
Feb/2023 10367
Vaccination is implemented in
9 provinces, covering 249196
doses (updated 27 February
2022)
12. Lumpy Skin Disease Symposium 14-16 March 2023 - Rome, FAO-HQ
Main challenges Recommended solution
Extensive animal farming system Increase the capacity of field officers' in handling
animals by utilizing specific handling equipment
Illegal Animal movement Identification high risk areas for more effective
border control
Limited number of officers to implement
vaccination
Engaging other institutions for more vaccinators
High workload for FMD (vaccination, animal
identification) affecting the LSD control
Combining control measures for LSD and FMD
13. Protecting people, animals, and the environment every day
Drawings: FAO/Chiara Caproni
Thank you for your
attention