Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
LSD outbreak take place in India & Bangladesh & now Pakistan's Ministry of Livestock & Dairy Development alerts farmers & vets regards this disease.
I'll tell these signs in detail in You tube channel 'Vets Hub'
Treatment & control
The death of a child in Kerala’s Malappuram district has drawn attention to the epidemiology of the little-known West Nile Virus in India. Though awareness is low, the virus is endemic to several States. However, official records do not reflect this, given the difficulty of diagnosing WNV in its acute phase. The alert is a welcome move; State health authorities will look harder for the disease.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Rinderpest virus is a Morbillivirus, closely related to the viruses causing peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper and measles.Rinderpest virus is shed in nasal and ocular secretions and can be transmitted during the incubation period (1–2 days before onset of fever). Transmission required direct or close indirect contact between susceptible animals and sick animals shedding the virus.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Ongoing disease control programmes in indiaBhoj Raj Singh
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries sectors play an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Livestock sector alone contributes 4.11% towards overall National GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The biggest impediment to growth of this sector, however, is the large-scale prevalence of diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Brucellosis, Black Quarter (BQ) in cattle, Enterotoxaemia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) & Sheep-Goat Pox in sheep and goats and Swine Fever in pigs, which drastically affect the productivity of animals. The presence of this disease not only deters the domestic economy but also foreign investment in the livestock sector. Although India have been free from disease like Rinderpest, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), presence of other economically important disease still threaten the very roots of livestock sector. This presentation describes various control programs that have been introduced by the Government of India, nationwide for controlling the infectious diseases of animals that have been or should be targeted for eradication or elimination, direct and indirect benefits from control programs, drawback issues and opportunities for the future.
LSD outbreak take place in India & Bangladesh & now Pakistan's Ministry of Livestock & Dairy Development alerts farmers & vets regards this disease.
I'll tell these signs in detail in You tube channel 'Vets Hub'
Treatment & control
The death of a child in Kerala’s Malappuram district has drawn attention to the epidemiology of the little-known West Nile Virus in India. Though awareness is low, the virus is endemic to several States. However, official records do not reflect this, given the difficulty of diagnosing WNV in its acute phase. The alert is a welcome move; State health authorities will look harder for the disease.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Rinderpest virus is a Morbillivirus, closely related to the viruses causing peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper and measles.Rinderpest virus is shed in nasal and ocular secretions and can be transmitted during the incubation period (1–2 days before onset of fever). Transmission required direct or close indirect contact between susceptible animals and sick animals shedding the virus.
Similar to LSD symposium - C. E. Lamien - Molecular epidemiological investigation of LSDV outbreaks and implications for the use of live attenuated LSDV vaccines
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
The Genetic Resources Program is the germplasm bank of CIAT which conserves the collections of bean and tropical forage seeds, and the collection of cassava "in vitro" for a total of approximately 67,500 different accessions. The conservation of these collections allows the benefit of the distribution of germplasm of approximately 6,000 samples of genetic material per year, at national and international level. To minimize the risks associated with the movement of germplasm, especially the transport of pathogens of quarantine interest, it is required a process of laboratory tests certifying the plant quality. This process is carried out in the Germplasm Health Laboratory of the GRP, where also research is developed to improve the effectiveness of the detection, testing reliability and efficiency of operations.
Current and future animal vaccine research activities at ILRIILRI
Presentation by Vish Nene at the 12th Biennial Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) and the VIII International Conference on Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens (TTP-8) Cape Town, South Africa 24 to 29 August 2014.
Presentation from the ECDC expert consultation on Whole Genome Sequencing organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 19 November 2015
African Swine Fever (ASF) virus genomics and diagnosticsILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop and Cynthia Onzere at the Closing workshop of the BecA‐ILRI‐CSIRO‐AusAID project on Understanding ASF epidemiology as a basis for control, Nairobi, Kenya, 2‐3 October 2013
Similar to LSD symposium - C. E. Lamien - Molecular epidemiological investigation of LSDV outbreaks and implications for the use of live attenuated LSDV vaccines (20)
Public-Private Multistakeholder Platform for Last Mile Animal HealthcareEuFMD
To raise awareness on the new scope of practice of AHTs and the broader impact within the animal health sector.
To identify opportunities (both public and private sector mechanisms) to support AHTs in setting up sustainable businesses and improving smallholder farmer access to primary animal health care.
To develop a plan to support sustainable business development for AHTs.
To create an inclusive platform through which experiences and best models will be shared amongst members.
To facilitate collaboration among role players and act as an incubator for individual Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).
P. Compston - Identifying and addressing the barriers to effective FMD vaccin...EuFMD
Session VI
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya, with frequent outbreaks. Understanding socioeconomic drivers affecting disease control within Kenya’s livestock systems, and the cost-effectiveness of control options, are important components of designing an FMD control programme. This study aimed to integrate quantitative economic analysis with qualitative data to provide recommendations for disease control.
R. McManus - Investigating gaps for novel animal health surveillance data wit...EuFMD
Session VI
Sensors have become ubiquitous in our current world and the livestock farming sector offers multiple research avenues for the application of sensor technology, from early disease detection to virtual fencing. Animal health surveillance in Scotland currently relies on post-mortem examinations of animals and on data derived from laboratory submitted samples. Sensor-derived syndromic surveillance of livestock has been identified as a gap in Scotland’s current animal health surveillance capabilities. Real-time data from on-farm herds has the potential to underpin improved production and endemic disease detection and the earlier identification and investigation of potential outbreaks. Using the data journeys approach, the aim of this project is to elucidate the conceptual journey of thermal imagery and drone-derived data from farm to policy. This approach aims to situate data across interconnected sites of practice, highlighting the movement of data in and between sites and exposing areas of potential ‘data friction’. The term ‘data friction’ is used to describe the complex factors (political, ethical, legal, social and economic) that come together to slow down and restrict data generation, movement and use.
S. Mielke - Is FMDV serotype C extinct: What can the data tell us?EuFMD
Session VI
Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (O, A, C, SAT (1, 2, 3), and Asia 1) occur across seven regional virus pools. In each pool, the specific serotypes that circulate in the susceptible populations varies. Since 2004 there has been a noticeable absence of serotype C from recorded outbreak data. This serotype historically occurred across European countries, however the most recent cases (2004) occurred in pool 4 (Eastern Africa) and pool 7 (South America). Detailed reports from these outbreaks suggest the outbreak in pool 4 resulted from vaccine escape, while in pool 7 the outbreak resulted from natural infection in an isolated cattle population. Following these outbreaks, response measures were taken to address the vaccine quality and coverage in isolated populations. Now, with continued lack of serotype C detection, we are evaluating whether the available data and knowledge about FMD epidemiology can substantiate a claim of serotype C extinction.
S. Gubbins - Longitudinal animal and environmental sampling for FMDV in North...EuFMD
Session VI
Environmental sampling, in particular taking swabs of any surfaces likely to have been contaminated by infected animals, presents an opportunity for non-invasive sample collection, enabling cost-effective FMD surveillance beyond regular investigation of clinical cases. Linking the results of environmental sampling with those of other surveillance methods (e.g. oral swabs or serum samples) allows a comparison of the methods and shows how the results of different sampling methods are correlated.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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LSD symposium - C. E. Lamien - Molecular epidemiological investigation of LSDV outbreaks and implications for the use of live attenuated LSDV vaccines
1. Molecular epidemiological investigations of LSDV outbreaks
and implications for the use of live attenuated LSDV vaccines
Charles Euloge LAMIEN
Joint FAO-IAEA Centre
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
2. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
▪ In non-vaccinated herds:
• conventional diagnostics tools can be used, followed by molecular characterization
• In some cases differential diagnostic tools can held to determine if other poxvirus are involved
LSD (capripox) can occur in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated herds
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
▪ Lesions in cattle following vaccination using a live attenuated capripox vaccine can
result from:
• Adverse reaction (localized)
• Vaccination failure (infection by a field virus despite vaccination)
• Animal vaccinated while incubating the disease (infection by a field virus)
• Vaccine not sufficiently attenuated (infection of naïve breads by the vaccine itself)
• Reversion to virulence
▪ We need tools to:
• Friendly tools to distinguish vaccine virus from field virus
• Accurate tools for quality control before vaccination
3. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Image challenge quiz 1, 2 and 3
What is the diagnosis?
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Lesions in cattle
Lesions in goats
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
4. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Respiratory diseases of small ruminants
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Pox diseases of ruminants and camel
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
5. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Pseudo cowpox in Zambia
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Both LSD and pseudo cowpox in Botswana
6. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
RPO30, GPCR, EEV
glycoprotein, B22R
Multi-targets approach revealed NI2490/KS1 like
virus in Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar
Approaches for Molecular Epidemiology
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
7. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
Approaches for Molecular Epidemiology
A multi-targets approach combined with NGS analysis of hotspots to
detect a vaccine-like field isolate of LSDV in Kenya
8. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
▪ Bangladesh (LSDV, GTPV, Targeted and whole
genome sequencing)
▪ Bhutan (LSDV, GTPV, Targeted and whole
genome sequencing)
▪ Botswana (LSDV, Targeted sequencing)
▪ Kenya (LSDV, GTPV Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
▪ Myanmar (LSDV, SPPV, Targeted and whole
genome sequencing)
▪ Namibia (LSDV, Targeted sequencing)
▪ Nepal (LSDV, Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
▪ Nigeria (LSDV, SPPV, Targeted sequencing)
▪ Uganda (LSDV, Targeted sequencing)
▪ Vietnam (LSDV , Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
▪ Thailand (LSDV, whole genome sequencing)
▪ Indonesia (LSDV, Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
▪ Lesotho (LSDV, Targeted sequencing)
▪ Sri Lanka (LSDV, Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
▪ Ethiopia (LSDV, GTPV, Targeted and whole
genome sequencing)
▪ Mongolia (LSDV, Targeted and whole genome
sequencing)
Support to the molecular characterization of capripoxviruses 2020-2022
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
9. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Various sequencing technologies available at APHL
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
PacBio (Sequel II instrument)
Ion S5
Minion Nanopore
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
10. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
▪ the emergence of
recombinant LSD viruses
brings some challenges for
whole genome phylogeny:
trees may not be accurate
▪ whole genome must be
fragmented to produce
several trees at various part
of the break points
▪ Several alternative methods
are possible
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
Comparative analysis using the SNPs in LSDV genomes
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
11. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Comparative analysis using the SNPs in LSDV genomes
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
▪ Isolates from South Asia cluster in
the NI-like group and those from
South East Asia belong to the
recom_3-like with China, Taiwan,
Hong Kong (China)…
▪ Recom_1: Saratov_2017
▪ Recom_2: Udmurtiya
▪ Recom_3: China
▪ Recom_4: Tyumen
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
12. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis
Comparative analysis using the Indels in LSDV genomes
13. Click to edit meeting title, place and date
Image challenge quiz
What is the diagnosis?
Investigate and Prevent Issues with Live Attenuated Capripox Vaccines
Lesions in cattle
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Differentiate sheep poxvirus vaccines from field isolates
Investigate and Prevent Issues with Live Attenuated Capripox Vaccines
Ruling out vaccine involvement in LSD vaccine in an outbreak
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Characterization of Vaccine seeds
Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
Genotype the viral strain in the vaccine
Several capripox vaccines
are mis-labelled
Kenyavac (KSGP O-240 ) = LSDV.
The Jovivac RM65 strain = SPPV
Romanian strain in the Saudi Arabian
Sheep Pox Vaccine = SPPV
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
Sanger sequencing to confirm the presence of specific mutations in the vaccine before use
B22R_CaPVFw TCATTTTCTTCTAGTTCCGACGA
B22R_CaPVRv TTCGTTGATGATAAATAACTGGAAA
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▪ KS1 is widely used in LSD endemic regions for
cattle, but also for small ruminant against also
sheeppox and goatpox
▪ Some countries in Africa and the Middle East are
replacing KS1 by Neethling for cattle immunization,
but still using KS1 for sheep and goats
▪ When both Neethling (for cattle) and KS1 (for small
ruminants) are produced by the same company, there
is a high risk for cross contamination
Detect a cross contamination (KS1/Neethling vaccine)
Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
Detecting low number of viral subpopulation in LSDV vaccines can be
performed by qPCR or targeted sequencing
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
▪ Presence of several variant
positions with mixed
populations across the
genome
▪ Each variant position
matches the genomic
differences between LSDV
KSGP 0240 and LSDV
Neethling vaccine LW 1959
perfectly
▪ This suggests that the
initial mixture contained
the two viruses
HIFI sequencing for the accurate analysis of viral population diversity in vaccines
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
Genotype
All 50 HIFI reads of LSDV_Myanmar are clustering with LSDV NI2490
All 370 HIFI reads of LSDV_Macedonia are clustering with LSDV Evros/GR/15
▪ Low diversity
in virus
subpopulation
for clinical
samples and
low passages
HIFI sequencing for the accurate analysis of viral population diversity in vaccines
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
▪ All 250 HIFI reads of the good vaccine are clustering with LSDV Neethling vaccine LW 1959
HIFI sequencing for the accurate analysis of viral population diversity in vaccines
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Quality Control of Capripox Vaccines
HIFI sequencing for the accurate analysis of viral population diversity in vaccines
▪ Individual sequences are
scattered all over the place
▪ These reads represent all
known LSDVs: LSDV
Neethling vaccine, KSGP
0240, and all known
recombinant.
▪ This suggests that we could
expect more recombinants
to emerge
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Important Lessons from LSDV Studies
▪ Conventional field isolates (Africa, Middle East,
Europe, and part of Russia)
▪ Recombinant-like viruses (first described in Russia,
China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam…, but also seen in
retrospective analysis of a sample collected in 2011
in Kenya)
▪ NI2490 like viruses (first described in Bangladesh,
India, Myanmar, and Nepal)
Three types of field isolates are circulating
▪ Conventional molecular DIVAs for LSD are compromised
▪ The new molecular DIVA approaches must be more
dynamic and must be based on multiple targets
▪ Baseline knowledge and continuous molecular monitoring
of your isolates and vaccines batches is essential
▪ Nether inoculate vaccine before molecular tests
▪ Always comprehensively investigate outbreaks in
vaccinated herds and surrounding areas and analyze the
isolates molecularly.
Consequences
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Our NGS Team
Hatem Ouled
Ahmed
Irene Meki Sneha Datta
William
Dundon
Sequencing Data Analysis
Molecular
Epidemiology
Nanopore
Charles Lamien
Bharani Settypalli
Sequencing
Molecular
Epidemiology
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome
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Acknowledgments
▪ Gerrit Viljoen (APH Section Head):
▪ Giovanni Cattoli (APH Laboratory Head):
▪ The Symposium organisers
▪ All VETLAB partner Laboratories that supported these studies
▪ The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Austria
Lumpy skin disease symposium - How science can support evidence-based disease management and control | Hybrid meeting | 14 - 16 March 2023, Rome