The document provides information about the respiratory system. It defines key terms like respiration and pulmonary ventilation. It describes the main parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It explains the processes of gas exchange, internal respiration and cellular respiration. It discusses diseases that can affect the respiratory system like pneumonia, asthma, emphysema and lung cancer. It also outlines ways to take care of the respiratory system like avoiding smoking and dust.

1. Learning Strand 2
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

2.  A special system that allows oxygen to be taken into the body. The
respiratory system also releases carbon dioxide.

3. 1. Name the function of the respiratory system.
2. State three parts of the respiratory system.
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
3. Give three diseases that can affect the respiratory system.
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
4. Cite two ways of taking care of the respiratory system.
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________

4.  Special structures that allow oxygen to be used by the cells of the
body.
 RESPIRE means to inhale and exhale air.
 PULMONARY VENTILATION / What most of us call breathing, the
air is drawn into the body through several structures of the
respiratory system.
 These are the same structures that carbon dioxide would need to
pass through on its way out of the body.

5.  Plants produce food through a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
Oxygen is then released into the air as a product of this process.
 People take in oxygen into their bodies and release carbon dioxide
in a process called respiration.

7.  The first station where air enters.
 Has two external openings called the
NOSTRILS/External Nares.
 The nose is not just a simple passageway
 It acts like an air-conditioning system that
Filters, Humidifies and Warms air as it passes
through.

8.  VIBRISSAE, hairs which filter air.
 The nose also humidifies air. This means
that it provides some moisture to the air
because dry air is bad for the body.
 The nose also warms the air entering the
body. The ideal temperature of air needs
to be maintained to prevent the formation
of ice crystals inside the organs of the
respiratory system when you stay in a very
cold environment.

9.  MUCUS is the syrupy
fluid that comes out of
your nose. When this
fluid accumulates, the
nerve endings of the
nose used for smelling
are covered up.

10.  Divides into two distinct structures.
 The TRACHEA brings air to the
respiratory system while the
ESOPHAGUS brings food to the
digestive system.
 Food is prevented from entering the
airway because of the presence of a
special structure called the EPIGLOTTIS
which automatically closes when one
swallows. Swallowing is accomplished
only when the mouth is closed.

11.  VOICE BOX is atop the trachea.
 It is a rigid box of cartilage, similar to
the soft white bones of chicken. The
larynx has the capability to contract. In
adult males, the area of the larynx is
marked by a bump in the throat called
the Adam’s apple.

12.  The trachea is kept open
because it is surrounded by
C-shaped rings of
cartilage..


13.  The trachea extends from the larynx
to just above the level of the heart
where it separates into two
structures, the left and right
BRONCHI.
 Inside the lungs, the bronchi again
divide into smaller branches called
the BRONCHIOLES.

14.  two masses of sponge-
like tissue on the left and
right sides of the heart
inside the chest.
 The ribcage of the chest
protects the lungs and
the heart.

15.  Inside the lungs, the bronchioles divide into
the respiratory bronchioles, which divide
further into alveolar ducts.
 These ducts feed into the air chambers of the
lungs, which are called the alveolar sacs.

16.  The lungs contain about 300 million alveoli.
If you combine their surface areas, the
alveoli would cover 70 square meters or
750 square feet. That’s roughly the size of
2 tennis courts!

17. Gases are exchanged in the alveoli. The oxygen from the air is
exchanged for the carbon dioxide from the blood. Oxygen enters the
blood and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli from where it is ultimately
exhaled into the environment.

18. takes place when oxygen from the air moves through the
alveoli toward the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the
blood toward the alveoli. This is also known as gas
exchange.

19. refers to the movement of the blood from the circulatory
system toward the cells and tissues of the body.

20. refers to the use of oxygen inside the
cells to obtain energy from food.

22. Without the respiratory system, air that contains oxygen
cannot enter the body; gas exchange will not occur and the
cells cannot produce energy for the body to use. Life would
not be possible without the tireless respiratory system
working to supply life-giving oxygen to the body.

23. 1. __________ is the primary task of the respiratory system.
2. The respiratory system is also called the __________ tree.
3. __________ is needed by the cells of the body to produce energy from food.
4. The __________ closes to prevent food from getting into the trachea.
5. The C shaped rings of the trachea are composed of __________.
6. Voice is produced through the vibrations of the __________.
7. The lungs contain the __________ in which gas exchange takes place.
8. The trachea divides into two __________.
9. The bronchi divide into __________.
10.The exchange of carbon dioxide from the blood with oxygen from the alveoli
is called __________ respiration.

25.  Disease in which the bronchioles
and the alveolar sacs become
inflamed due to infection.
 Bacteria that cause pneumonia are
present even in healthy throats.
 SYMPTOM is usually fever and
cough and difficulty in breathing
(caused by the excessive mucus
secretion that prevents gas
exchange).
 Cured with antibiotics that kill the
bacteria inside the lungs.

26.  The suffix -itis (which means
disease or inflammation) is
attached to the name of the
affected part to indicate that that
part has inflammation and
infection.
 Hence, you could have
pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis
and bronchiolitis.

27.  A condition characterized by
hypersensivity of the lungs. The
passages of the respiratory system
are sensitive to ALLERGENS,
which are substances that can
cause irritation.
 Asthma still has no cure. Drugs
are either inhaled or taken to relax
the constricting hyper-reactive
airways.

28.  Characterized by abnormal
permanent enlargements of the
alveoli, caused by the destruction
of the alveolar walls. This
destruction is usually due to the
chemical irritants found in tobacco
smoke.

29.  A fatal condition when the natural
capacity of the lung to rid harmful
substances like tar and nicotine
from cigarettes.
 The bronchial cells become
malignant from waste material
accumulated/ deposited in the
lungs.

30.  An inflammation of the nasal
cavity. In the example, Ronald has
allergic rhinitis. Like asthma,
rhinitis is an allergic reaction to
dust and pollutants. This allergic
reaction causes the mucus
membranes of the nose to secrete
too much fluid.

31.  Common infection of the lungs that
occurs especially among people
living in developing countries.
 It is caused by bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
which are transmitted between
persons in crowded places.

33.  the study of the respiratory system.

34.  COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
SCAN.
 a machine that functions like an X
ray machine.

35.  MAGNETIC RESONANCE
IMAGING MACHINE
 A more sensitive machine, instead
of passing radiation, it passes sound
waves through the body. Computers
then create images out of these
bouncing sound waves to show
what the inside of the body looks
like.

36.  used to assess the condition of the
passages of the respiratory system.

37.  Lung transplants are now also
possible. Segments of lungs are
transferred from one person to
another to replace damaged parts.

38. Write True on the line before each correct statement and False before
each incorect statement.
_____ 1. Pulmonology is the study of the lungs.
_____ 2. Asthma is characterized by hypersensitivity of the lungs.
_____ 3. Rhinitis and asthma are similar.
_____ 4. Smoking is good for the body.
_____ 5. Pneumonia is an infection of the nose.
_____ 6. Smoking deposits are harmful substances in the alveoli.
_____ 7. A CT scan makes detailed study of the lungs possible.
_____ 8. Lung cancer is caused by smoking.
_____ 9. Tuberculosis is easy to cure.
_____ 10. PTB is common among people in developing countries

50. Check the numbers that best illustrates the proper care for the respiratory
system.
______ 1. taking a bath regularly to avoid infections
______ 2. smoking
______ 3. getting enough sleep and rest
______ 4. consulting a doctor only when really needed
______ 5. covering the mouth and nose when sneezing
______ 6. wearing a mask in construction sites
______ 7. avoiding dust and smoke
______ 8. eating nutritious foods
______ 9. relaxing when feeling stressed
______ 10. cleaning the nose regularly and properly

51. 1. The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells is called
_________________.
2. The __________________ contain the alveoli needed for gas exchange.
3. Smoking results in a condition called ________________.
4. The trunk of the tracheobronchial tree is the ___________.
5. Breathing is technically called ______________________.
6. ________________ is a technological advance used to study the structure of
the lungs.
7. ________________ is a common disease caused by a Mycobacterium.
8. The trachea is closed by the _________________ during swallowing.
Lung Internal respiration Tuberculosis
Trachea Emphysema Olfaction
Valsalva Pulmonary ventilation
Epiglottis CT Scan