This presentation provides an overview of passenger shipping, covering its evolution, logistics, intermodal linkages, marketing strategies, and the significance of the SOLAS convention. It explains the characteristics of passenger ships, the major logistical functions involved in cruise operations, and the marketing elements such as the 4 P's. Additionally, it highlights the regulations established for passenger safety in response to historic maritime disasters.

1. PASSENGER SHIPS

2. Presenter
Name:
Shanique Elliott

3. PURPOSE
This presentation is designed to give students a overall
understanding of Passenger Shipping and what it entails.
It will also provide students with the basic knowledge of
the evolution, logistics, intermodal linkages and the
marketing of passenger shipping as well as a brief
introduction to SOLAS and how it related to passenger
shipping.

4. OBJECTIVES
What is Passenger Shipping.
Outline the evolution of Passenger Shipping.
Describe the logistics of Passenger Shipping.
Identify the Intermodal Linkages in Passenger Shipping.
Explain the Marketing of Passenger Shipping.
Explain how SOLAS is related to Passenger.

6. QUESTIONS
What is a Passenger Ship?
How many types of passenger ships are there?

7. DEFINITION OF PASSENGER SHIPPING
According to the International Maritime Organization,
Passenger ships are usually defined as a ship carrying
more than 12 passengers - on international voyages must
comply with all relevant IMO regulations, including
those in the SOLAS and Load Lines Conventions.

8. PASSENGER SHIPPING
In contrast to an ocean liner that transports passengers
from one point on the globe to the other often across
the oceans, a cruise ship or a cruise liner as it is known
by most, takes the people on board to a round trip that
is of varied duration, from a single day to possibly a
week and culminates at the originating port.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASSENGER SHIP
Fitted with amenities and facilities supporting
modern luxury requirements
Large draft
Machinery space at the lower deck
Cruises at speed comfortable to passengers

10. CHARACTERISTICS CONT’D
 Modern vessel fitted with (safety features, luxury and
stability features)
 Cargo (Passengers), vessel divided in accommodation
areas,
 Speed of up to 20 knots
 Able to berth with limited assistance despite its size

11. Passenger Shipping Evolution
The last century has seen incredible changes in all facets
of the shipping industry. One area in which the trade has
not only been changed, but essentially redefined, has been
the carriage of passengers by sea. This has resulted in a
dynamic where the industry, while inventing a new
domain of business, has had to innovate new solutions to
challenges of their own making

12. Origin of Passenger Ships
The earliest ocean-going vessels were not primarily
concerned with passengers, but rather with the cargo that
they could carry. Black Ball Line in New York in 1818,
was the first shipping company to offer regularly
scheduled service from the United States to England and
to be concerned with the comfort of their passengers.

13. Logistics of Passenger Shipping
For every voyage, the “behind the scenes” cruise logistics
extend beyond compliance and literally reach into every corner
of these enormous vessels, and out into the regions where they
operate, and to the people they employ and the customers that
they serve. Everything from inbound and outbound supply
management to the distribution of finished goods to the landing
process has to be meticulously orchestrated and managed in the
most seamless manner possible.

14. Major functions that happen before and after Cruises
• Global sea and air freight
• Inbound and outbound supply management
• Complete supply chain visibility for both dry and temperature-
controlled cargo
• Food and beverage, hotel, and technical supplier management
• Warehousing and distribution of all food and supplies (including
dry, temperature-controlled, and high value)

15. • Purchase order management
• Complete inventory visibility
• Shipside and pier-side deliveries
• Pier coordination
• Crew mail collection and distribution
• Vessel offloading/reverse logistics
• Passenger gift bag procurement and coordination
• Moving and staging equipment for onboard entertainers

16. • Coordination of goods for turnaround days
• Emergency resupplies
• Logistics management for ship overhauls in dry dock
and getting new ships into the water

17. Intermodal Linkages in Passenger Shipping
• Intermodal transportation refers to movements of passengers
or freight from point of origin to its destination relying on
several modes of transportation. These mode include but not
limited ferries, ocean liner, cruise ships (Dr Jean –Paul
Rodriguez and Dr Brian Slack)
• Ocean liner: This mode of transportation speaks to the
movement of passenger from point of origin to point of
destination, which typically are passenger or passenger-cargo
vessels transporting passengers and often times cargo on
longer line voyages

18. Ferries : Also called water taxi/bus which is vessels for day to day or
overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and vehicles, ferries are
located in waterside cities and Island providing direct transit at a cost
much cheaper than other modes of transportation.
Cruise Ships: which often transport passengers on round-trips, in which
the trip itself and the attractions of the ship and ports visited are the
principal which usually where it all s started.

19. Advantages
• It provides a much better value proposition when considering
factors like government policies, fuel cost and roadway
restrictions which can slow down the transportation process
• Intermodal shipping can be linked to lower costs, more
predictable pricing , loading flexibility make it more
advantageous than other modes of transportation

20. Disadvantages
• Speed. In some cases in exchange for lower costs, speed is often times given
up. For example choosing to transport heavier cargo via ship rather than plane
might be cost effective e.g fuel costs but it can make delivery time slower.
• High infrastructure cost. While equipment are being standardized to allow for
easier hand off between the different links this also leads to acquiring specific
equipment suited to these tasks.

21. Intermodal Linkages in the future
• It supports the environmental effort of “going green “. By using different
modes of transportation and in turn the types of fuels used can limit pollutants.
Likewise using different sources of renewable energy .
• Helps to build good relationships with different countries. Whether its
opening different route channels or forming special partnerships it has many
soci-economic benefits to be enjoyed by all parties.
• With each form of transportation used we are able to keep improving on the
equipments used. As technology develops overtime so too can the equipment
used to provide higher outputs with less wastage.

22. Marketing of Passenger Shipping
Definition
According to the American Marketing Association,
marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes
for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging
offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners,
and society at large.

23. Concerns of Marketers
4 P’s of Marketing
There are four main concerns that a marketer
will consider when preparing to sell or
distribute a product. These are called the 4 p’s
of marketing.

25. Price is the amount the vender is willing to sell for that the customer will want to purchase the
goods or services at.
Product is the type of goods or service that is being provided and knowing if there is a
demand for it.
Promotion is the medium to which the vender will choose to use to get the attention of their
target audience as well as to keep the attention of those who are already purchasing their
goods and services.
Place is the distribution channel or the logistics of marketing a product or service.

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28. SOLAS
According to the International Maritime Organization, “The SOLAS Convention in its
successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties
concerning the safety of merchant ships. The first version was adopted in 1914, in
response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929, the third in 1948, and the fourth in
1960. The 1974 version includes the tacit acceptance procedure - which provides that an
amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to
the amendment are received from an agreed number of Parties”.
• (Safety and environmental standards on passenger ships, n.d.)

29. SOLAS CONT’D
• The Titanic disaster of 1912 led to the first SOLAS treaty being
adopted and there have been many revisions to regulations since
then, both in response to major incidents and because of a pro-
active approach to keeping the regulations up-to-date.
• The SOLAS treaty applies to passenger ships carrying more than 12
passengers on international voyages. But IMO has also been
working with countries to address the safety of so-called non-
SOLAS ships, including developing model legislation and
guidance.

30. Reference