LOCUSTS MIGRATION AND SWARMING-WPS Office (2).pdf
•
0 likes•180 views
This document provides an overview of locust migration and swarming. It begins with an introduction describing locusts as major agricultural pests that can exist in solitary or gregarious phases. The document then covers locust taxonomy, identification, distribution, species found in India, life cycle, breeding seasons, triggers for swarm formation, and methods of control. It aims to inform readers about the key aspects of locust ecology and management.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Insect sense organs
1) Insects have various sensory receptors called mechanoreceptors that allow them to detect stimuli like touch, vibration, gravity and sound.
2) The main mechanoreceptors are tactile organs, campaniform sensilla, chordotonal organs, and static organs. Tactile organs are sensory hairs that detect touch and vibration. Campaniform sensilla detect forces on the cuticle from muscles or gravity. Chordotonal organs contain scolopidia that detect movement and tension. Static organs help with balance and orientation using statoliths.
3) Specialized mechanoreceptors include Johnston's organ in antennae, subgenual organs in legs, tympanal organs for hearing
Physiology of excretion in insects
The document summarizes excretion physiology in insects. It discusses the main excretory organs as the Malpighian tubules and rectum. The Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine containing ions, uric acid, and water. Uric acid precipitates in the tubules or rectum and is eliminated in feces. Insects produce different nitrogenous waste products depending on their environment, such as uric acid in terrestrial insects and ammonia in aquatic insects. The urine composition also varies between insect species but generally contains water, salts, and nitrogenous wastes.
Reproductive system in insect and its types
The document describes the reproductive systems of male and female insects. It discusses the key parts of each system, including ovaries/ovarioles in females which contain developing eggs, and testes in males which produce sperm. Different types of ovariole structures and egg development processes are described. The male system includes testes, vas deferens for sperm transport, and accessory glands. Sexual reproduction through the joining of male and female systems is covered, as well as other types of insect reproduction like parthenogenesis.
Insect behavior
Insect behavior can be innate or learned. Innate behaviors are genetically programmed and include reflexes, orientation behaviors like taxis, and fixed action patterns. Learned behaviors are acquired through experience and include habituation, classical conditioning, and instrumental learning. Insects exhibit a range of behaviors for locomotion, communication, reproduction, and responding to their environment.
Lec. 34 Classification of class insecta.ppt
The document classifies the class Insecta into 31 orders, with 4 orders belonging to the subclass Apterygota which includes wingless insects, and 27 orders belonging to the subclass Pterygota which is further divided into exopterygota and endopterygota based on wing development. The orders are also grouped according to their wing flexing mechanism into paleoptera, orthopteroid, hemipteroid, and panorpoid complexes. The lecture provides details on the characteristics and examples of the different orders within the class Insecta.
Lec. 9 Structure and modifications of mouth parts.ppt
1. Insects have a variety of mouthpart structures adapted for different feeding behaviors. These include chewing and biting parts, chewing and lapping parts, piercing and sucking parts, rasping and sucking parts, and siphoning parts.
2. Chewing and biting mouthparts consist of labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium, and hypopharynx and are found in insects like cockroaches and grasshoppers. Siphoning mouthparts form a tubular proboscis from elongated galeae of the maxillae for sucking nectar, as in butterflies.
3. Piercing and sucking mouthparts are adapted for feeding on blood or plant sap
Order lepidoptera_ppt by Mah Rukh
Order Lepidoptera includes butterflies, moths, and skippers. It is one of the largest insect orders, with over 180,000 described species worldwide. Lepidoptera undergo a complete life cycle of egg, caterpillar, pupa, and adult. As caterpillars, they are herbivorous, while adults feed on nectar and pollen. Some species are major agricultural pests, while others play important roles in ecosystems through pollination and nutrient cycling. Economically, silkworm moths produce silk, while other moths have been used for biological control. Major families include Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Noctuidae.
Insect Genitalia: It’s Structure, functions and modification in different ord...
The document discusses the structure and function of insect genitalia. It describes that the abdomen consists of pregenital, genital, and postgenital segments. The female genitalia includes an ovipositor for egg laying that varies between orders. The male genitalia contains phallic organs like the aedeagus and accessory structures for sperm transfer. The structures of the genitalia are adapted for reproduction and show diversity across insect groups.
Recommended
Insect sense organs
1) Insects have various sensory receptors called mechanoreceptors that allow them to detect stimuli like touch, vibration, gravity and sound.
2) The main mechanoreceptors are tactile organs, campaniform sensilla, chordotonal organs, and static organs. Tactile organs are sensory hairs that detect touch and vibration. Campaniform sensilla detect forces on the cuticle from muscles or gravity. Chordotonal organs contain scolopidia that detect movement and tension. Static organs help with balance and orientation using statoliths.
3) Specialized mechanoreceptors include Johnston's organ in antennae, subgenual organs in legs, tympanal organs for hearing
Physiology of excretion in insects
The document summarizes excretion physiology in insects. It discusses the main excretory organs as the Malpighian tubules and rectum. The Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine containing ions, uric acid, and water. Uric acid precipitates in the tubules or rectum and is eliminated in feces. Insects produce different nitrogenous waste products depending on their environment, such as uric acid in terrestrial insects and ammonia in aquatic insects. The urine composition also varies between insect species but generally contains water, salts, and nitrogenous wastes.
Reproductive system in insect and its types
The document describes the reproductive systems of male and female insects. It discusses the key parts of each system, including ovaries/ovarioles in females which contain developing eggs, and testes in males which produce sperm. Different types of ovariole structures and egg development processes are described. The male system includes testes, vas deferens for sperm transport, and accessory glands. Sexual reproduction through the joining of male and female systems is covered, as well as other types of insect reproduction like parthenogenesis.
Insect behavior
Insect behavior can be innate or learned. Innate behaviors are genetically programmed and include reflexes, orientation behaviors like taxis, and fixed action patterns. Learned behaviors are acquired through experience and include habituation, classical conditioning, and instrumental learning. Insects exhibit a range of behaviors for locomotion, communication, reproduction, and responding to their environment.
Lec. 34 Classification of class insecta.ppt
The document classifies the class Insecta into 31 orders, with 4 orders belonging to the subclass Apterygota which includes wingless insects, and 27 orders belonging to the subclass Pterygota which is further divided into exopterygota and endopterygota based on wing development. The orders are also grouped according to their wing flexing mechanism into paleoptera, orthopteroid, hemipteroid, and panorpoid complexes. The lecture provides details on the characteristics and examples of the different orders within the class Insecta.
Lec. 9 Structure and modifications of mouth parts.ppt
1. Insects have a variety of mouthpart structures adapted for different feeding behaviors. These include chewing and biting parts, chewing and lapping parts, piercing and sucking parts, rasping and sucking parts, and siphoning parts.
2. Chewing and biting mouthparts consist of labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium, and hypopharynx and are found in insects like cockroaches and grasshoppers. Siphoning mouthparts form a tubular proboscis from elongated galeae of the maxillae for sucking nectar, as in butterflies.
3. Piercing and sucking mouthparts are adapted for feeding on blood or plant sap
Order lepidoptera_ppt by Mah Rukh
Order Lepidoptera includes butterflies, moths, and skippers. It is one of the largest insect orders, with over 180,000 described species worldwide. Lepidoptera undergo a complete life cycle of egg, caterpillar, pupa, and adult. As caterpillars, they are herbivorous, while adults feed on nectar and pollen. Some species are major agricultural pests, while others play important roles in ecosystems through pollination and nutrient cycling. Economically, silkworm moths produce silk, while other moths have been used for biological control. Major families include Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Noctuidae.
Insect Genitalia: It’s Structure, functions and modification in different ord...
The document discusses the structure and function of insect genitalia. It describes that the abdomen consists of pregenital, genital, and postgenital segments. The female genitalia includes an ovipositor for egg laying that varies between orders. The male genitalia contains phallic organs like the aedeagus and accessory structures for sperm transfer. The structures of the genitalia are adapted for reproduction and show diversity across insect groups.
Circulatory and Excretory system in insect
1. The document discusses the circulatory and excretory systems of insects. It describes the open circulatory system of insects, including the dorsal blood vessel which contains the heart and aorta.
2. The excretory system is discussed, focusing on the Malpighian tubules which open into the gut and act to remove waste and regulate water balance.
3. The functions of the circulatory system include transport of nutrients and oxygen as well as wound healing, while the Malpighian tubules excrete waste and regulate the internal environment of insects.
Phase variation in locust
Locusts are grasshoppers that can exist in two distinct phases - solitary and gregarious. In the solitary phase, locusts are solitary and avoid other locusts. In the gregarious phase, locusts are attracted to each other and form destructive swarms. The phase is determined by environmental factors like temperature, food availability, and population density that influence the production of hormones. High population densities and contact between locusts causes a switch to the gregarious phase.
Order orthroptera
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
Embryological development in insect
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
Hemiptera
The document summarizes key characteristics of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Hemiptera have piercing or sucking mouthparts and can have wings that are partially hardened or membranous. They range in size and some are wingless. Suborders include Heteroptera (land and water bugs), Auchenorrhyncha (leafhoppers and spittlebugs), and Sternorrhyncha (soft-bodied bugs like aphids). Examples like bed bugs, water bugs, and leaf-footed bugs are described in more detail, highlighting traits like appearance, feeding behaviors, and adaptations.
Communication In insects
This presentation discusses communication in insects. It introduces the topic and defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals. Most insect communication is innate and inherited. The presentation then explores why insects communicate, including for recognition, mating, finding food or danger, and establishing territories. It identifies the main types of insect communication as visual, chemical, tactile, and sound. Specific examples are provided, such as the use of pheromones, dances, touching, and sounds produced by wings, legs or other body parts.
Migration OF INSECTS
This document discusses insect migration in three paragraphs or less:
Insects migrate to escape unfavorable conditions like temperature extremes, lack of food or water, or overcrowding. Common migratory insects include monarch butterflies, dragonflies, locusts, and aphids. Migration can occur over long distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometers and is often driven by seasonal changes and availability of resources across environments. Remote sensing technologies like radar are useful for monitoring large-scale insect migrations.
Diapause mechanism in Insects-Bismoy Mohanty
Diapause is a period of arrested growth or development in insects where physiological processes like differentiation and reproduction are suspended. It is represented by low metabolism and consumption of oxygen. Diapause can occur at different life stages, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. It is induced by environmental cues like photoperiod and temperature and helps insects survive unfavorable conditions. Theories on hormone activity and food mobilization aim to explain the diapause process.
Insect genitalia
The document discusses the anatomy and structures of insect abdomens. It describes the segmentation of the abdomen into primary and secondary segments. The primary appendages of the abdomen include cerci, which are modified in males of some orders to function as claspers during mating. Secondary appendages include abdominal gills in aquatic larvae and prolegs in lepidopteran larvae. The document outlines the generalized structures of female and male insect genitalia, and variations in female structures related to oviposition in different orders.
INSECT COLORATION
1. Insects display coloration through pigmentation and physical structures. Pigmentation involves the use of pigments like melanin, pterins, ommochromes, carotenoids, and flavonoids which are responsible for colors like black, brown, red, yellow, and orange.
2. Physical coloration involves structural adaptations that scatter, interfere with, or diffract light to produce colors like blue and iridescence. Scattering by granules under dark pigment layers produces structural blue, while interference between regularly spaced surfaces produces iridescence.
3. Pigments and physical structures serve important functions for insects like camouflage, communication, and temperature regulation. Color allows
Insect abdomen
The ppt covers- Insect and its General characteristics, Abdomens, Abdomen structure, Other abdomen structure.
Insect circulatory system
The insect circulatory system consists of a dorsal vessel (heart and aorta), hemocoel (body cavity), and pulsatile organs. The dorsal vessel runs longitudinally and pumps hemolymph (blood). It has two parts - the anterior aorta which extends into the thorax, and the posterior heart located in the abdomen with 9 chambers and ostia (lateral openings). The hemocoel facilitates circulation and contains hemolymph, a watery fluid composed of plasma, ions, sugars, proteins, lipids, waste products, and hemocytes (immune cells). Circulatory functions include transport, storage, providing hydraulic pressure for molting and movements, temperature regulation, and defense.
Semiochemicals pheromones
1) Semiochemicals are chemicals that modify behavior in any way, including pheromones and allelochemicals.
2) Pheromones operate intra-specifically, meaning among members of the same species, while allelochemicals operate inter-specifically between different species.
3) Some examples of types of pheromones are aggregation pheromones which congregate members of a species, alarm pheromones which warn about danger, and sex pheromones which attract the opposite sex for reproduction.
Lec. 20 nervous system.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the insect nervous system. It describes how the basic functional unit is the neuron, which has a cell body and projections called dendrites and axons. There are different types of neurons based on their structure and function, including sensory, motor, and inter neurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and ventral nerve cord), visceral nervous system, and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system coordinates the functions of the other systems and provides feedback through sensory neurons and motor neurons that connect to sense organs and effector organs like muscles. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine are released at synapses to stimulate or inhibit other neurons and muscles and allow for impulse conduction throughout the
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspects
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
Lec. 17 Structure and functions of excretory system in insects.ppt
This document discusses the excretory system in insects. It notes that the main excretory organs in insects are the Malpighian tubules and the alimentary canal (rectum). The Malpighian tubules arise from the gut and remove nitrogenous waste from the body. Their structure varies between species but generally has an absorptive proximal region and secretory distal region. Terrestrial insects excrete waste as uric acid or urates while aquatic insects excrete ammonia. Other excretory functions are carried out by the integument, nephrocytes, fat bodies, oenocytes, and tracheal system.
structural organisation of insect body
The document summarizes the structure and segmentation of the insect body. It is divided into three main parts:
1. The head, which is formed from the fusion of seven segments and contains the mouthparts, eyes, and antennae.
2. The thorax, which is composed of three segments - prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. Each segment contains a dorsal notum, lateral pleuron, and ventral sternum. The mesothorax and metathorax make up the pterothorax which bears the wings.
3. The abdomen, consisting of 9-11 segments. Each segment contains a dorsal tergum and ventral sternum
Order: Collembola and Diplura
Collembola, commonly known as springtails, are small wingless arthropods that use a furcula, or springing organ, to jump. They lack eyes and have four segmented antennae. An adhesive collophore on their first abdominal segment helps with water balance. A retinaculum holds the furcula beneath their body. Malpighian tubules and tracheal systems are usually absent. Diplura are also small soft-bodied soil-dwelling insects that feed on dead organic matter. They have many segmented antennae and chewing mouthparts. Paired appendages are present on their abdominal segments and their tarsi are one segmented.
Nervous system in insects
The document summarizes the nervous system of insects. It discusses that insects possess a well-distributed nervous system that allows for coordination, behavior, memory, and intelligence. The nervous system connects sense organs that detect external and internal stimuli to effector organs like muscles and glands. It consists of elongated neurons that carry electrical impulses. The main components of the nervous system are the central nervous system (brain, ventral nerve cord, and ganglia), visceral nervous system, and peripheral nervous system. Neurons connect via synapses and transmit impulses through both axonic and synaptic conduction using neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.
sclerites of thoraci segment in insect
1. The insect thorax is composed of hardened plates called sclerites that allow for locomotion. Each of the three thoracic segments contains a notum, pleuron, and sternum sclerite.
2. Legs and wings articulate from specific sclerites. Each segment contains one pair of legs articulating from the pleuron, and wings articulate from the notum and pleuron.
3. The sclerites are further divided into subsections. The notum contains the prescutum, scutum, and scutellum. The sternum contains the presternum, basisternum, and sternellum. The pleuron contains the episternum and epimeron
Locust - Locusta migratoria
This presentation about Wild Locust (Migratory Locust).
This PPT discuss the topic about Taxonomy, Life Stages, Life History, Damage and Controls
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Locust attack -A threat to agriculture
This document provides information on locusts and locust attacks. It discusses how locusts differ from grasshoppers, their life cycle and phases, species that cause problems, and management strategies. Locust swarms can grow very large, sometimes covering hundreds of square kilometers, and can devastate crops. Climate change is exacerbating locust outbreaks. Controlling locusts requires integrated approaches including cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods.
More Related Content
What's hot
Circulatory and Excretory system in insect
1. The document discusses the circulatory and excretory systems of insects. It describes the open circulatory system of insects, including the dorsal blood vessel which contains the heart and aorta.
2. The excretory system is discussed, focusing on the Malpighian tubules which open into the gut and act to remove waste and regulate water balance.
3. The functions of the circulatory system include transport of nutrients and oxygen as well as wound healing, while the Malpighian tubules excrete waste and regulate the internal environment of insects.
Phase variation in locust
Locusts are grasshoppers that can exist in two distinct phases - solitary and gregarious. In the solitary phase, locusts are solitary and avoid other locusts. In the gregarious phase, locusts are attracted to each other and form destructive swarms. The phase is determined by environmental factors like temperature, food availability, and population density that influence the production of hormones. High population densities and contact between locusts causes a switch to the gregarious phase.
Order orthroptera
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
Embryological development in insect
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
Hemiptera
The document summarizes key characteristics of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Hemiptera have piercing or sucking mouthparts and can have wings that are partially hardened or membranous. They range in size and some are wingless. Suborders include Heteroptera (land and water bugs), Auchenorrhyncha (leafhoppers and spittlebugs), and Sternorrhyncha (soft-bodied bugs like aphids). Examples like bed bugs, water bugs, and leaf-footed bugs are described in more detail, highlighting traits like appearance, feeding behaviors, and adaptations.
Communication In insects
This presentation discusses communication in insects. It introduces the topic and defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals. Most insect communication is innate and inherited. The presentation then explores why insects communicate, including for recognition, mating, finding food or danger, and establishing territories. It identifies the main types of insect communication as visual, chemical, tactile, and sound. Specific examples are provided, such as the use of pheromones, dances, touching, and sounds produced by wings, legs or other body parts.
Migration OF INSECTS
This document discusses insect migration in three paragraphs or less:
Insects migrate to escape unfavorable conditions like temperature extremes, lack of food or water, or overcrowding. Common migratory insects include monarch butterflies, dragonflies, locusts, and aphids. Migration can occur over long distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometers and is often driven by seasonal changes and availability of resources across environments. Remote sensing technologies like radar are useful for monitoring large-scale insect migrations.
Diapause mechanism in Insects-Bismoy Mohanty
Diapause is a period of arrested growth or development in insects where physiological processes like differentiation and reproduction are suspended. It is represented by low metabolism and consumption of oxygen. Diapause can occur at different life stages, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. It is induced by environmental cues like photoperiod and temperature and helps insects survive unfavorable conditions. Theories on hormone activity and food mobilization aim to explain the diapause process.
Insect genitalia
The document discusses the anatomy and structures of insect abdomens. It describes the segmentation of the abdomen into primary and secondary segments. The primary appendages of the abdomen include cerci, which are modified in males of some orders to function as claspers during mating. Secondary appendages include abdominal gills in aquatic larvae and prolegs in lepidopteran larvae. The document outlines the generalized structures of female and male insect genitalia, and variations in female structures related to oviposition in different orders.
INSECT COLORATION
1. Insects display coloration through pigmentation and physical structures. Pigmentation involves the use of pigments like melanin, pterins, ommochromes, carotenoids, and flavonoids which are responsible for colors like black, brown, red, yellow, and orange.
2. Physical coloration involves structural adaptations that scatter, interfere with, or diffract light to produce colors like blue and iridescence. Scattering by granules under dark pigment layers produces structural blue, while interference between regularly spaced surfaces produces iridescence.
3. Pigments and physical structures serve important functions for insects like camouflage, communication, and temperature regulation. Color allows
Insect abdomen
The ppt covers- Insect and its General characteristics, Abdomens, Abdomen structure, Other abdomen structure.
Insect circulatory system
The insect circulatory system consists of a dorsal vessel (heart and aorta), hemocoel (body cavity), and pulsatile organs. The dorsal vessel runs longitudinally and pumps hemolymph (blood). It has two parts - the anterior aorta which extends into the thorax, and the posterior heart located in the abdomen with 9 chambers and ostia (lateral openings). The hemocoel facilitates circulation and contains hemolymph, a watery fluid composed of plasma, ions, sugars, proteins, lipids, waste products, and hemocytes (immune cells). Circulatory functions include transport, storage, providing hydraulic pressure for molting and movements, temperature regulation, and defense.
Semiochemicals pheromones
1) Semiochemicals are chemicals that modify behavior in any way, including pheromones and allelochemicals.
2) Pheromones operate intra-specifically, meaning among members of the same species, while allelochemicals operate inter-specifically between different species.
3) Some examples of types of pheromones are aggregation pheromones which congregate members of a species, alarm pheromones which warn about danger, and sex pheromones which attract the opposite sex for reproduction.
Lec. 20 nervous system.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the insect nervous system. It describes how the basic functional unit is the neuron, which has a cell body and projections called dendrites and axons. There are different types of neurons based on their structure and function, including sensory, motor, and inter neurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and ventral nerve cord), visceral nervous system, and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system coordinates the functions of the other systems and provides feedback through sensory neurons and motor neurons that connect to sense organs and effector organs like muscles. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine are released at synapses to stimulate or inhibit other neurons and muscles and allow for impulse conduction throughout the
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspects
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
Lec. 17 Structure and functions of excretory system in insects.ppt
This document discusses the excretory system in insects. It notes that the main excretory organs in insects are the Malpighian tubules and the alimentary canal (rectum). The Malpighian tubules arise from the gut and remove nitrogenous waste from the body. Their structure varies between species but generally has an absorptive proximal region and secretory distal region. Terrestrial insects excrete waste as uric acid or urates while aquatic insects excrete ammonia. Other excretory functions are carried out by the integument, nephrocytes, fat bodies, oenocytes, and tracheal system.
structural organisation of insect body
The document summarizes the structure and segmentation of the insect body. It is divided into three main parts:
1. The head, which is formed from the fusion of seven segments and contains the mouthparts, eyes, and antennae.
2. The thorax, which is composed of three segments - prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. Each segment contains a dorsal notum, lateral pleuron, and ventral sternum. The mesothorax and metathorax make up the pterothorax which bears the wings.
3. The abdomen, consisting of 9-11 segments. Each segment contains a dorsal tergum and ventral sternum
Order: Collembola and Diplura
Collembola, commonly known as springtails, are small wingless arthropods that use a furcula, or springing organ, to jump. They lack eyes and have four segmented antennae. An adhesive collophore on their first abdominal segment helps with water balance. A retinaculum holds the furcula beneath their body. Malpighian tubules and tracheal systems are usually absent. Diplura are also small soft-bodied soil-dwelling insects that feed on dead organic matter. They have many segmented antennae and chewing mouthparts. Paired appendages are present on their abdominal segments and their tarsi are one segmented.
Nervous system in insects
The document summarizes the nervous system of insects. It discusses that insects possess a well-distributed nervous system that allows for coordination, behavior, memory, and intelligence. The nervous system connects sense organs that detect external and internal stimuli to effector organs like muscles and glands. It consists of elongated neurons that carry electrical impulses. The main components of the nervous system are the central nervous system (brain, ventral nerve cord, and ganglia), visceral nervous system, and peripheral nervous system. Neurons connect via synapses and transmit impulses through both axonic and synaptic conduction using neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.
sclerites of thoraci segment in insect
1. The insect thorax is composed of hardened plates called sclerites that allow for locomotion. Each of the three thoracic segments contains a notum, pleuron, and sternum sclerite.
2. Legs and wings articulate from specific sclerites. Each segment contains one pair of legs articulating from the pleuron, and wings articulate from the notum and pleuron.
3. The sclerites are further divided into subsections. The notum contains the prescutum, scutum, and scutellum. The sternum contains the presternum, basisternum, and sternellum. The pleuron contains the episternum and epimeron
What's hot (20)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspects
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspects
Lec. 17 Structure and functions of excretory system in insects.ppt
Lec. 17 Structure and functions of excretory system in insects.ppt
Similar to LOCUSTS MIGRATION AND SWARMING-WPS Office (2).pdf
Locust - Locusta migratoria
This presentation about Wild Locust (Migratory Locust).
This PPT discuss the topic about Taxonomy, Life Stages, Life History, Damage and Controls
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Locust attack -A threat to agriculture
This document provides information on locusts and locust attacks. It discusses how locusts differ from grasshoppers, their life cycle and phases, species that cause problems, and management strategies. Locust swarms can grow very large, sometimes covering hundreds of square kilometers, and can devastate crops. Climate change is exacerbating locust outbreaks. Controlling locusts requires integrated approaches including cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods.
Forest insects
The document discusses several forest pests that affect popular, kail, and shisham trees in Pakistan. It describes the identification, life cycle, and control methods for:
1) The popular sapwood borer (Aeolasthes sarta), which kills 20-40% of popular trees in dry, cold areas.
2) The popular pith borer (Apriona cinerea) and popular defoliator (Ichthyura anastomoris).
3) The kail defoliator (Biston regalis), which caused serious defoliation of kail trees in 1981.
4) The shisham defoliator (Plecoptera reflexa
Forensic
This document discusses the use of forensic entomology in legal investigations. It provides details on various insects that are important in decomposition, including blow flies, flesh flies, beetles, moths, wasps, ants and bees. Specific insects like Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis flesh flies are highlighted for their usefulness in determining time of death. Life cycles, habitats and forensic importance of certain flies are outlined. Proper sanitation and insecticide use are recommended for management of these insects.
classification of important arthropods 2.pdf
This document provides a classification and overview of important arthropods that can transmit diseases to humans and animals. It discusses the orders, families, and key genera of medical and veterinary significance. Some of the arthropods summarized include mosquitoes, black flies, horse flies, tsetse flies, sand flies, bed bugs, and house flies. For each group, it describes morphology, life cycle, disease transmission, and control methods. The document emphasizes that understanding the classification and biology of different arthropod vectors is important for prescribing effective control measures.
Chagu
The document provides information on the life cycles of several common parasites and pests, including mosquitoes, cockroaches, lice, roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), hookworm, and rats. It describes the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages for each organism and notes key details about development times, habitats, and transmission methods.
Ticks and mites
Ticks and mites are acarine vectors that can transmit diseases like scrub typhus and relapsing fever. They have life cycles involving egg, larval, nymph and adult stages. Mites are prevalent in hot, humid climates with thick vegetation and small vertebrate hosts, while ticks can be found in both rural and domestic settings. Control involves treating habitats with insecticides, managing vegetation, protecting individuals, and reducing rodent reservoirs.
ENTO 231_L.No.16_Rodents, Mites, Non insect pests management.ppt
1. The document discusses various rodent, mite, and bird pests and their management. It describes several common rodent species like house mouse, house rat, field mouse and brown rat.
2. It also discusses different mite species like spider mites, broad mites, rust mites and their damage symptoms. Predatory and parasitic mite species are also mentioned.
3. Common bird pests like crows, parrots and house sparrows that damage crops are described. The document provides details on the morphology, life stages, economic importance and classification of these vertebrate and invertebrate pests.
SANDFLY.pptx
Group One presented on sand flies. Sand flies are small, hairy insects in the order Diptera that transmit diseases like leishmaniasis. They have a characteristic wing structure and hopping flight pattern. The life cycle involves egg, larval, and pupal stages before emerging as an adult. Sand flies are found in warm climates worldwide and breed in areas with organic materials. They are vectors for diseases in humans and can be controlled through insecticides, nets, and sanitation.
Insect pest of gram pod caterpillar
Ehtisham Ali Hussain
University College Of Agriculture,
University Of Sargodha, Sargodha
For more Topics Contact..,
shamu.hassan.eh@gmail.com
Hartz UltraGuard Pro Technical Report
As the leader and pioneer in the animal health industry, The Hartz Mountain Corporation has been providing safe and effective products for over 80 years.
As the first American pet care company, Hartz was the first to introduce fl ea and tick collars and one of the first to receive government approval of its products from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Our commitment continues as our scientists develop innovative products to keep you, your family, your pets and your home safe and healthy.
At Hartz’s research laboratories, our scientists are continually striving to develop innovative products that provide the consumer with scientifically-based, differentiated and unique products of the highest quality and best price/value. Our research team is made up of veterinarians, entomologists, engineers, chemists and biochemists, all committed to providing you, your pet and your family a safe environment. At Hartz, safety is first and we certify that all of our products are tested according to EPA’s Good Laboratory Practices. Additionally, all of our products are reviewed and
approved by EPA.
Entomology 243(crucifers)
This document summarizes information about the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella), a major pest of cruciferous crops. It describes the moth's identification, life cycle, damage caused, and management. The moth's eggs are laid on leaves and hatch after 6-7 days. Larvae go through 4 instars over 12-16 days before pupating. Adults live 3-4 weeks. Larval feeding removes leaf tissue, damaging seedlings and heads. Pheromone traps and insecticides are used for management. The document also briefly mentions several other major insect pests that infect crucifer crops.
Peacock
The peacock, or Indian blue peafowl, is a medium-sized bird native to South Asia. Males have extravagant multi-colored trains of iridescent feathers that can span over 1 meter. During mating season, males perform visual displays to attract females, who select mates based on train size and health. Peafowl are omnivorous, eating insects, plants, and small animals. They live solitary or in small groups and communicate through loud calls. Though long-lived in captivity, peafowl face threats in the wild from habitat loss and predation by large cats and wild dogs.
Carcass
Carcass beetles, also known as hide beetles, are scavengers that feed on the dry remains of dead animals. They have a bumpy, warty appearance and can hide by covering themselves with dirt. Carcass beetles are found worldwide and include over 300 species. They are important in forensic investigations, as their presence on burned bodies can help estimate time of death. Rove beetles and carrion beetles also assist in estimating the post-mortem interval based on their life cycles and presence at carcasses at different stages of decomposition. Both larvae and adults of these beetle families feed on carrion and maggots.
SAND FLY.pdf
Phlebotomous argentipes, commonly known as the sand fly, is a small insect that can transmit leishmaniasis parasites. It is predominantly found in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The adult flies live in dark, humid areas and bite humans and animals. Female sand flies can acquire and transmit leishmania parasites between infected hosts while feeding. The parasites exist in the fly and in infected hosts in different forms. Sand flies have a life cycle of egg, larva, pupa and adult stages, taking approximately 8-10 days to complete. Control measures include insecticide spraying and improving sanitation conditions.
Mosquitoes
This document provides an overview of mosquitoes, including:
- Mosquitoes have worldwide distribution and there are over 3,450 known species grouped by genus based on physical characteristics. The three most medically important genera are Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles.
- Mosquitoes have a four stage lifecycle - egg, larva, pupa, adult. Larvae develop through four instar stages in aquatic habitats before transforming into non-feeding pupae and then emerging as adult mosquitoes.
- Male and female mosquitoes can be distinguished by features like antennae type and mouthpart morphology. Females require blood meals for egg production while males feed on plant nectar
presentation on phlebotomous aregentipes (sand fly)
Phlebotomous argentipes, commonly known as the sand fly, is a small insect that can transmit leishmaniasis parasites. It is predominantly found in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The adult flies are nocturnal and live in dark, humid places or invade houses. The female sand fly acquires leishmania parasites when feeding on infected animals and can transmit the parasites to humans through bites. The life cycle of the sand fly includes eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages, and takes approximately two months to complete. Control measures include insecticide spraying and improving sanitation.
Miscellaneous ants
ants are a wide family in the order Hymenoptera ants have different types depend on their morphology and nutrietion ..etc
Storage pests
This document discusses several major lepidopteran pests of stored foods, including the Angoumois grain moth, Indian meal moth, Rice moth, Potato tuber moth, and Mediterranean flour moth. It provides details on the distribution, host range, biology, life cycle, nature of damage, and identification of each pest. The key information it conveys is that moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) represent a major group of economically important post-harvest insect pests that can infest grains, meals, nuts, dried fruits and other stored foods.
Similar to LOCUSTS MIGRATION AND SWARMING-WPS Office (2).pdf (20)
ENTO 231_L.No.16_Rodents, Mites, Non insect pests management.ppt
ENTO 231_L.No.16_Rodents, Mites, Non insect pests management.ppt
presentation on phlebotomous aregentipes (sand fly)
presentation on phlebotomous aregentipes (sand fly)
Recently uploaded
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Mechanics:- Simple and Compound Pendulum
a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Call Girls Noida🔥9873777170🔥Gorgeous Escorts in Noida Available 24/7
Call Girls Noida🔥9873777170🔥Gorgeous Escorts in Noida Available 24/7
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Recently uploaded (20)
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Call Girls Noida🔥9873777170🔥Gorgeous Escorts in Noida Available 24/7
Call Girls Noida🔥9873777170🔥Gorgeous Escorts in Noida Available 24/7
Nutaceuticsls herbal drug technology CVS, cancer.pptx
Nutaceuticsls herbal drug technology CVS, cancer.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
LOCUSTS MIGRATION AND SWARMING-WPS Office (2).pdf
- 1. LOCUST MIGRATION AND SWARMING Presented by Aparna S. Sayam Department of zoology Vidhyabharti college selloo M.Sc. lVth sem (2022-2023)
- 2. CONTENTS
- 3. INTRODUCTION ◼ Locusts are the major agricultural pests of the world. ◼ Out of 50000 different species of grasshoppers,those which can live in two different phases solitary and gragarious phase are called locusts. ◼ Locusts are the short horned grasshoppers with highly migratory habit marked polymorphism and varacious feeding behaviour.
- 4. Taxonomy :- Phylum - Arthopoda Class - Insecta Order - Orthoptera Family - Acrididae Identification of Locust :- I. Large size insect. Wings are colourless II. Body length from 35 -50 mm for males and 45-55 mm for Females. III. The colour can vary but its usually green brown yellowish green or grey. IV. The mandibles are dark purple to black. V. Long distance migration 100-5000 km.
- 5. Distribution:- Locust are adapted to live in hot and dry contries. ✓ Europe ✓ Africa ✓ Madagaskar ✓ Australia ✓ Central and South Eastern Asia ✓ New Guinea ✓ New Zealand ✓ Arabian and Indo-Pak region
- 6. Species Found in India:- ◼ Desert locust (Schistocerca gragaria) ◼ Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) ◼ Bombay locust (Nomadacris succincta) ◼ Tree locust (Anacridium sp.)
- 7. Locust Phase:- Solitary Phase Gragarious Phase Behave independently Behave as a cohesive unit Repelled from other locusts Attracted to conspeciific Walk slowly with creeping Walk rapidly Active mostly at night Active mostly at day Diet restricted Diet broad
- 9. Life cycle of locust:- I. Incomplete metamorphosis. II. Female lays eggs in a hole in damp, warm or sandy soil called a pod usually at a depth of 2-10 cm. III. Each pod contain 60-80 pale yellow banana-shaped eggs 5-6 mm long. IV. Collection of eggs pods laid by a number of locusts is termed as Egg Bed. V. Eggs hatch in 14-20 days . VI. 5 nymphal instars and nymphs take 4-8 weeks to complete development. VII. Adult is the final stage. Locusts at this level have fully pledge wings and can fly without problem.
- 10. VIII. Adults appear from June to July. Usually at the end of July. IX. Life span of adult is almost 8 weeks (Female start laying eggs 2-3 weeks later).
- 11. Breeding season of Desert Locust :- ◼ Winter breeding (Nov. To Dec.) ◼ Spring breeding (Jan. To June) ◼ Summer breeding (July to October)
- 12. ⚫ Smell and sight of the other locusts. ⚫ Hind leg being touched. ⚫ Guaiacol is one of the main components of the pheromone that causes locust swarming. ⚫ Serotonin enhances solitariness phase transition of migratory locust. ⚫ Gragarious adults (swarms) migrate in the direction of the wind at the wind speed and can cover distance of up to about 150 km/day. What triggers to form Swarm?
- 14. Locust Control :- ✓ Cultural control ✓ Mechanical control (Catching , flame throwers) ✓ Natural enimes - (Pastor roseus and Sturnus vulgarius) - Blister beetle , Ground beetle and crickets are egg predators. ✓ Chemical control - Monochrotophos and Cypermethrin like chemical compounds - Aerial sprayers by drones - Hand held sprayers
- 16. Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere thanks to our H. O. D. sir Dr. Ashish Tiple Department of zoology Vidhyabharti college seloo. Not only for his guidance during my presentation but more than that for his motivation which was must for the successful completion of the presentation work.
- 17. Thank You