Live food like plankton, rotifers, brine shrimp, and bloodworms provide excellent nutrition for fish and help enhance breeding efficiency and growth. They are rich in proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids essential for fish. Some live foods can be stored dry for later rehydration and use, making them convenient for transport. Overall, live foods act as "living nutritious capsules" that closely mimic the natural diets of fish and support their nutritional needs.

2.  Live food is living
food for
carnivorous or
omnivorous fishes
kept in captivity; in
other words, small
animals such as
insects or mice fed
to larger
carnivorous or
omnivorous species
kept in either in a
zoo or as pet.
Ex-
Phytoplankton
spirulina,
chlorella,
Zooplankton
I Infusoria(paramosiam)
Daphnia
rotifer (brachionus)
white worm(enchytraeus)
brine shrimp(artimia)
earthworm(eisenia)
sludge worms(tubifex)
water-fleas(moina)
blood worms(chironomids)

3. Other examples are- volvox, ulothrix,
anabaena, euglina, copepods, etc.
aannaabbaaeennaa
vvoolvlvooxx uulolotthhrrixix
ccooppeeppooddeess

5. NUTRITIVE VALUE;
Protein: 55%- 70%
Carbohydrates: 15% - 25% (an excellent low ratio for fish)
Fats (lipids): 6% - 8%
Minerals: 6 -13%
Fiber: 8% - 10%
Natural Pigment Enhancers:
Phycocyanin (Blue): 14%
Chlorophyll (Green): 1%
Carotenoids (Orange/ Red): 47%
Important Trace Minerals (many of these are essential for proper
electrolyte balance and osmotic function):
Calcium (1,315 mg/kg), Iron, Phosphorus (15,400 mg/kg), Iodine, Magnesium, Zinc,
Selenium, Copper, Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum, Sodium, Chloride, Potassium,
Germanium, Boron.

6. Essential Amino Acids:
• ISOLEUCINE (4.130/o): Required for optimal growth, nitrogen equilibrium in the body
Used to synthesize other non-essential amino acids.
• LEUCINE (5.8001o): increases muscular energy levels.
• LYSINE (4.000/o): Building block of blood antibodies, strengthens circulatory system and
maintains normal growth of cells.
• METHIONINE (2.170/o): Vital lipotropic (fat and lipid metabolizing) amino acid that
maintains liver health. An anti-stress factor.
• PHENYLALANINE (3.950/o): Stimulates metabolic rate.
• THREONINE (4.170/o): Improves intestinal competence and digestive assimilation.
• TRYPTOPHANE (1.1301o): Increases utilization of B vitamins, improves nerve health.
• VALINE (6.0001o): Stimulates muscle coordination.
Spirulina improves egg production and hatching rates, stimulates
the reproductive processes, increases survival rates of younger fish,
and arouses the appetite of fish.
It is possible to have a staple fish food that has its primary
ingredient as spirulina algae and be an effective diet for most fish.
Even carnivores can benefit by feeding spirulina based flakes to
feeder fish before feeding as most carnivores in the wild obtain
many nutrients from the intestinal tract of the fish they consume.

7. NUTRITIVE VALUE
60% of Chlorella is protein. Chlorella contains 18 of
22 known amino .
 high amount of beta-carotene.
vitamin A,vitamin C,K Chlorella’s B1 (thiamine), B2
(riboflavin), B3 (niacin) B6 (pyridoxine), B12
(cobalamin), biotin (also known as vitamin H), folic
acid, inositol and PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid).
 Chlorella’s minerals include calcium, iron,
magnesium, potassium and phosphorous, plus traces of
iodine, selenium, zinc and copper.
 greater quantity of fatty acids like omega-3, alpha-linolenic.
so they are very good for harvivorus fish and fish
fry. It provides a very high amount energy for
metabolisms.

8. NUTRITATIVE VALUE
Crude protein (min)55
crude fat (min) 10%,
crude fiber (max) 3%,
ash (max) 7.2%,
moisture (max) 7%....
Rich Nutrition
Excellent Palatability
Easy store.
So it is very popular food suitable for all
freshwater fish and ornamental fish.

9.  It is very important for fish larvae as
well as adult fish.
NUTRITION VALUE:
 High quentity protein
 Important fatty acid
 Minarels
 Vitamin, etc

10. Daphnia is a freshwater species, it is
not a suitable prey organism for marine
organisms,
NUTRITIVE VALUE:
Protein-60-65%
Crude fat-5-7%
Cure fibre
essential fatty- EPA and DHA
a broad spectrum of digestive
enzymes such, as proteinases,
peptidases, amylases, lipases and
even cellulase,
 various types nutrient

11. NUTRITION VALUE
 Crude protein-62.5%
 Crude fat-10.4%
 Ash-11.6%
 NFE-15.4%
 Dry matter-9.3%
 Iron
The chironomid larvae and pupae are highly nutritious
and nourishing food for ornamental fish.
Carnivorous will greedily devour them when they are
offered and the fish grow faster and early gonodal
maturity occurs.
They produce blood in the fish body.

12. NUTRITIONAL VALUE:
Crued protein-60-65%
Crude fat-8-9%
Crude fribre-4-5%
Carotinoid pigment
Vitamine-A,C,&D
Micronutrients
It produced colour of
ornamental fish.
It is very tasty and nutrition
for fish fry as well as adult.

14. 1. The “eggs” occur in a dry dormant state (cysts)
and can be stored for many years.
Appropriately packed, they can be sent all over
the world.
2. From the cysts, live larvae, i.e. nauplii are
easily and quickly obtained by putting them in
seawater (hatching). Thus, no separate
culturing tanks are needed to obtain large
quantities of live food.
3. The nauplii survive and remain active in water
of different salinities. Even when put in
freshwater, mortality only occurs after 2–3
hours.
4. The nauplii have a very high protein content
(up to 40%), which makes them an excellent
food. Freshly hatched nauplii (Instar I - first
larval stage) have a higher nutritional value
than 2 or 3 days old nauplii.

15. ENHANCEMENT OF LIVE FOOD
 We can not found all the nutrients in one life food. So during
the culture time we enrich the food by adding the lacking
nutrients . This process is called enhancement of live food.
 After this process it is totally complete in nutrition and ready
for feeding.
 For example- during daphnia culture time vitamins are
added in the culture media.
Enrichment of Moina can be carried out using
the direct method, by culturing them on baker’s yeast and
emulsified fish or cuttlefish liver oils. For enrich the (n-3)
HUFA .

17.  From the above discussion we found
that live food contain all the essential
nutrients which enhances the
breeding efficiency and excellent
growth of fish. So the live feed is
considered as “living nutritious
capsule”.

18.  The earlier stages of fish and shellfish
are known to feed on the protein rich
plankton. It are also easily available in
our surrounding environment. It
content most of all and high nutrient.
So this live food are very important in
good types of fish culture.