The document describes five characteristics that help animals survive in extreme hot and cold weather: 1) Animals in hot desert climates, like camels, have humps to store water and food. 2) Desert foxes have long ears to help lose heat in hot weather. 3) Polar bears have thick fur to keep warm in cold polar regions. 4) Animals in cold climates like penguins, walruses, seals and whales have thick layers of fat to insulate against cold. 5) Arctic foxes have small ears to prevent heat loss in frigid Arctic conditions.