Lipids are fatty acids that include natural oils, waxes and steroids. They provide energy, protect structures and organs, and insulate the body. Triglycerides are a type of lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids that are either saturated or unsaturated. Saturated fats have all possible hydrogens bonded compared to unsaturated fats with some hydrogens replaced by double bonds. Trans fats are worse for health than cis fats depending on hydrogen positioning. Hydrogenated fats used in foods can clog arteries. Olestra was a fat-free substitute that passed through the digestive system but had side effects like diarrhea. The structure of lipids significantly impacts health effects.

1. Lipids
Lucy Boult with Lorna Carman

2. What are Lipids?
 Lipid is another word for fatty acids.
 Natural oils, waxes and steroids are part of this group.
 They make up an essential part of our diet.
 Uses in the body:
- For energy
- To protect our structures and organs
- To insulate the body

3. Triglycerides
 A Triglyceride is a type of lipid.
 It is composed of one glycerol molecule
joined to three fatty acid molecules.
 These fatty acid molecules are either
saturated or unsaturated.
 They are usually found in the blood
where they are temporally stored in fat
cells until it is used by the body for
energy.

4. Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
 Saturated fatty acid
molecules have all of the
possible hydrogens bonded
to them that they can.
 Unsaturated fatty acid
molecules are missing some
hydrogens so they contain
double bonds instead.

5. Cis and Trans bonds (Isomers)
 Unsaturated fats will have either Cis or Trans bonds.
 They are also referred to as isomers.
 If the hydrogens are on different sides of the double
bonds this is Trans.
 If the hydrogens are on the same side of the double
bond this is Cis.
 Trans are bad for your health.
 The structure of a lipid molecule is very important, as
even a small difference like Cis and Trans bonds can
effect our health very differently.

6. Hydrogenated Fat
 Hydrogenated Fat is produced by an
artificial process called hydrogenation,
when hydrogen is used to make food
harder (e.g. to set margarine).
 This is bad for your health because the
hydrogen causes the food to stick to
your arteries.
 These fats are widely used often
without people realising.

7. Olestra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dh6o8bwKPfc

8. What is Olestra?
 Olestra is a fat-free substitute which passes through the body without
being absorbed.
 This is because it contains up to eight fatty acids.
 It was first discovered in America by researchers Fred Mattson and
Robert Volpenhein in 1968.
 In 1996 it was approved for use in America as a food additive.
 It was a huge hit until news of side effects (such as diarrhea and
prohibiting the ability to absorb vitamins) spread and sales rapidly
declined.
 It is still for sale in America today but has never been approved for use
in Canada and the European Union.

9. Conclusion on Lipids
 Lipids come in many forms.
 Some are good for us while others can be bad.
 The structure of a lipid molecule has a huge impact on how it will effect our body.
Thank You for Listening