basic points on the people studied for gcse history medicine through time based on the ocr exam board

1. Hippocrates (460 - 370 BC)
• Greek Doctor
• 4 humours
• Hippocratic Oath
• Observation
• Natural treatments
• Books
• Regimen (lifestyle)

2. Claudius Galen (129 - 216? AD)
• Roman (Arrogant)
• Gladiator Doctor
• Live Dissections
• Pigs + Apes
• Mistakes
• Books
• Opposites Theory

3. Ambroise Paré (1510 - 1590)
• French
• Barber-Surgeon
• Cauterisation
• Ligatures
• Ointment (e,r,t)
• Book – ‘Works
about surgery’

4. Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564)
• Belgian Anatomist
• Human Dissection
• Stole bodies
• Proved Galen wrong
• (Only one Jaw Bone)
• Book – ‘The fabric of
the human body’

5. William Harvey (1578 - 1657)
• English Physician
• Royal Doctor
• Heart Circulation
• Proved Galen wrong
• A Book (complicated name)
• Live Cold-Blooded
Animal Dissection

6. Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823)
• English Doctor
• Smallpox/Cowpox
• Vaccination
• 1853 - Compulsory
• 8 Year Old Boy
• Religion Against
• Rich Friends

7. Edwin Chadwick (1800 - 1890)
• English Campaigner
• Believed in Miasma
• 1842 - his Report
• Encouraged -
• Better Diet
• Clean Water
• Disposal of Sewage

8. Mary Seacole (1805 - 1881)
• Jamaican ‘Nurse’
• Crimean War
• Volunteer
• Herbal Remedies
• Nightingale Refused
• The British Hotel
• Racism

9. Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
• English Nurse
• Upper Classed
• Crimean War
• Believed in Miasma
• Invented Pie Chart
• A Book - ‘Notes for
Nursing’

10. James Simpson (1811 - 1870)
• Scottish Obstetrician
(Doctor of Childbirth)
• Discovered Chloroform
(Accidently)
• Tried it on Daughter
• Queen Victoria used it
• Religion Against

11. John Snow (1813 - 1858)
• English Physician
• Methodical
• Doubted Miasma
• Chloroform Inhaler
(made chloroform safe)
• Discovered that
Cholera is Waterborne

12. Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 - 1865)
• Hungarian Physician
• Washing Hands
• in Chloride + Lime
• Child Bed Fever
• Dissected Mothers
• Reduced Deaths
From 10% to 3%

13. Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)
• French
• Chemistry Professor
• Germ Theory - 1861
• Pasteurisation -
Heat Kills Germs
• Investigated Beer
• Animal Vaccines

14. Joseph Lister (1827 - 1912)
• Scottish Surgeon
• Antiseptic -
• Carbolic Acid
(Irritated Skin)
• Aseptic -
• Clean Equipment
• Clean Wounds

15. Robert Koch (1843 - 1910)
• German Physician
+ Microbiologist
• Found Types of Germs
• Developed Ways of
Sterilising Things
• Won the Nobel Prize
• Developed a Dye to
Help Identify Bacteria

16. Paul Ehrlich (1854 - 1915)
• German Physician On
• Koch's Research Team
(Helped to make Koch’s dye)
• Invented Chemotherapy
• Won Nobel Prize
• Made First Magic Bullet
(Which was Injected) -
• Called Salvarsan 606

17. Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955)
• Scottish Bacteriologist
• Discovered Penicillin
• By Chance
• Disorganised
• Gave up (couldn’t
mass produce it)
• Won Nobel Prize (with
Florey + Chain)

18. Gerhard Domagk (1895 - 1964)
• German Bacteriologist
• Discovered Prontosil
(kills blood poisoning germ)
• First Commercial
Antibiotic
• Won Nobel Prize
• Tested on Mice
• Cured Presidents Son

19. Howard Florey + Ernst Chain
• Won Nobel Prize
• Found New Strain
of Penicillin
• Worked out how to
mass produce it
• Persuaded drug
companies in US
• Tested on a man
who died (didn’t
make enough)

20. William Beveridge (1879 - 1963)
• British Campaigner
• 1942 - Report about
a Welfare State (NHS)
• the 5 Evils - Want,
Disease, Ignorance,
Squalor + Idleness
• NHS set up 1948
when Labour won

21. Aneurin Bevan (1897 - 1960)
• Welsh
• Labour Politian +
• Minister of Health in
1948 (NHS set up)
• Supported and
Campaigned for NHS
• Persuaded doctors to
sign up with the NHS