Fats come in different forms and have various health impacts. Unsaturated fats found in plants are generally healthier than saturated or trans fats. A diet high in saturated or trans fats can increase risk of heart disease, while unsaturated fats may help lower disease risk. Research also indicates that very low-fat diets may negatively impact male fertility by reducing testosterone levels.

1. Fats
fats are also called ‘fatty acids’ or ‘lipids.’ Fats in our body are
made up of three molecules joined together.
This three-molecule structure is called a “triglyceride”.
The body is capable of synthesizing most of the fatty acids it
needs from food.
These fatty acids are known as nonessential fatty acids.
However, there are some fatty acids that the body cannot
synthesize and these are called essential fatty acids.

3. Importance of Fats:
Getting enough fat in your diet is important for staying healthy.
Eating only very, very low levels of fat is not recommended. We need fat because:
Fat helps absorb vitamins, like vitamins A, D, E, and K
Fat keeps our skin healthy.
Essential fats like omega-3 are important for heart health.
Healthy fats, like unsaturated fats from plant oils, can help lower levels of LDL (lousy) cholesterol.
Fat adds flavour to food.
Fat keeps you feeling satisfied longer after a meal.

5. Trans Fats
Trans fat is considered the worst type of
fat you can eat. Unlike other dietary fats,
trans fat — also called trans-fatty acids
Raises your "bad" cholesterol and also
lowers your "good" cholesterol.
A diet laden with trans fat increases your
risk of heart disease, the leading killer of
adults. The more trans fat you eat, the
greater your risk of heart and blood vessel
disease
The manufactured form of trans fat, known
as partially hydrogenated oil, may be found
in a variety of food products, including:
Baked goods, such as cakes, cookies
and Microwave popcorn
Frozen pizza
Refrigerated dough, such as biscuits and
rolls
Fried foods, including french fries,
doughnuts and fried chicken
Nondairy coffee creamer

6. Trans fats
There are two broad types of trans fats found in
foods: naturally-occurring and artificial trans fats.
Naturally-occurring trans fats
are produced in the gut of some animals and foods
made from these animals (e.g., milk and meat
products) may contain small quantities of these fats.
Artificial trans fats
(or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial
process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to
make them more solid.

7. Saturated fats
 saturated fats have no double bonds in
their chemical structure.
 They are “saturated” with hydrogen
atoms. Because of their chemical
structure.
 They have a solid consistency at room
temperature.
 Saturated fats can be found in a variety
of foods, different foods.
Animal meat including beef, poultry, pork
Certain plant oils such as palm kernel or
coconut oil
Dairy products including cheese, butter,
and milk
Processed meats including bologna,
sausages, hot dogs, and bacon
Pre-packaged snacks including
crackers, chips, cookies, and pastries

8. Plant oils VS vegetable fats
PLANT OILS
plant oils are usually unsaturated fats.
They bend and so cannot line up together to
form solids.
These are more healthy for you because they do
not come together and get stuck.
They are LIQUID at room temperature
ANIMAL FAT:
Animal fats are usually saturated fats.
These line up together very well which is why
they are solid at room temperature
This makes it easy to clog blood vessels and
organs
They are SOLID at room temperature

9. Unsaturated fats
 Unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature,
 They are considered beneficial fats because
 They can improve blood cholesterol levels
 Ease inflammation,
 Stabilize heart rhythms,
 And play a number of other beneficial roles.
 Unsaturated fats are predominantly found in foods
from plants, such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

10. Types of unsaturated fatts
Monounsaturated fats:
This type of unsaturated fat contains only one
double bond in its structure.
Monounsaturated fats are typically liquid at
room temperature.
include canola oil and olive oil.
Polyunsaturated fats:
This type of unsaturated fat contains two or
more double bonds in their structure.
They are liquid at room temperature.
Polyunsaturated fats include safflower oil,
sunflower oil, and corn oil.

11. Researches on Fats:
The public health debate about dietary fats and health has been ongoing for over 60 years. The “diet-heart hypothesis” has
been the focus of discussions on dietary fat and health because coronary heart disease has been and remains the main cause of
death worldwide.
In past decades, dietary guidance has almost universally advocated reducing the intake of total and saturated fat, with the
emphasis shifting more recently from total fat to the replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fats and the
elimination of trans fat. These recommendations and the link between fat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular
disease have been among the most vexed issues in public health: are dietary fats “villains,” are they benign, or are they even
“heroes” that could help us consume better overall diets and promote health.
History, evolution, and current understanding of dietary fat and health
he discovery that monounsaturated fat could be healthful came from the Seven Countries Study during the 1960s. It revealed
that people in Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean region enjoyed a low rate of heart disease despite a high-fat diet.
The main fat in their diet, though, was not the saturated animal fat common in countries with higher rates of heart disease. It
was olive oil, which contains mainly monounsaturated fat. This finding produced a surge of interest in olive oil and the
"Mediterranean diet," a style of eating regarded as a healthful choice today.

12. FEWER FATS COULD BE THE KEY TO BOOSTING MALE FERTILITY 20 june 2020
Dr Karma Pearce from the University of South Australia in collaboration with fertility specialist Prof Kelton Tremellen,
Repromed, and Flinders University, presents a direct link between diet and testosterone – showing that what men eat
could affect their fundamental male sex hormone.
The first study to identify that a diet high in any type of fat – including healthy mono-saturated fats such as olive oil –
negatively impacts testosterone production over as little as five hours, yet one supplemented with egg whites, and to a
lesser extent whey protein, can positively affect serum testosterone.
A diet low in fat and high in egg whites could be the key to boosting male fertility according to a new pilot study
Before 1990, very little was known about how trans fat can harm your health. In the 1990s, research began
identifying the adverse health effects of trans fats. Based on these findings, FDA instituted labeling regulations
for trans fat and consumption has decreased in the US in recent decades, however some individuals may
consume high levels of trans fats based on their food choices.
In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made a preliminary determination that partially
hydrogenated oils are no longer Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) in human food.
A large study in over 80,000 women noted that those who consumed the most trans fats had a 40% higher risk
of diabetes

13. Artificial Trans Fat ultimately condemned as the cause of tens of thousands of
deaths due to heart disease each year, has died.
In 2004, after uncovering something rotten in the state of Denmark, Danish public
health officials expelled the fake fat, and heart disease rates fell. Other countries
soon followed, though others provided a safe haven, even as the fake fat fell into
disrepute.
Since the 1950s, people have believed that saturated fat is bad for human health.
This was originally based on observational studies showing that people who consumed a lot of saturated fat had higher rates
of death from heart disease. replacing some of it with polyunsaturated fat led to a 27% lower risk of cardiovascular events
(but not death, heart attacks, or strokes).
Bad diet damages the immune system even before it turns to fat 20 JUL 2016
We all know that junk food is bad for our waistline. Now a new study has shown that a diet high in saturated fat begins to
harm our immune system before the weight gain begins to show.
Scientists from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence have found that the over-consumption of saturated fats
may actually be a form of malnutrition that triggers the immune system to start attacking healthy parts of the body. One
clinical ramification of overactive T cells may be autoimmune diseases, where the immune system begins attacking
healthy parts of the body. They include diseases such as type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and
rheumatoid arthritis, which affect one in 20 Australians.