The document discusses the impacts of natural disasters in several countries including India. It provides statistics on the number of people affected and damage caused by different types of disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones from 1973-1997. India is highly disaster prone with large areas vulnerable to floods, droughts, earthquakes and cyclones. Several tables show the number of people affected, houses and property damaged and costs of disasters in India and states like West Bengal over many years. It is noted that true costs of disasters are undercounted as indirect impacts on livelihoods, trade and economic growth are often not included. Disasters can also undermine social development by damaging infrastructure like schools and hospitals. The risks of disasters in areas like

1. LINKAGE BETWEEN DISASTER
AND DEVELOPMENT

2. ANNUAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE
AFFECTED BY DISASTER BETWEEN 1987
96 IN TOP 5 COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
Country Annual
average
population
affected
(million)
Total
population in
1996(million)
Percent of
population
affected
China 99.07 1232.08 8.04
India 56.56 944.58 5.99
Bangladesh 18.57 120.07 15.47
Australia 2.28 18.06 12.63
Malawi 1.44 9.84 14.63

3. MAJOR DISASTER IN THE
WORLD, 1973-97
Disaster
type
Annual
average
number of
persons
affected
Annual
average
number of
persons died
Annual
average
number of
persons
injured
Annual
average
number of
persons
homeless
High wind 1,16,98,165 10,913 13,494 11,04,346
Drought &
famine
6,13,33,486 39,658 0 21,920
Earthquake 15,90,314 18,416 27,585 2,39,265
Flood 6,61,77,531 6,844 22,966 33,62,046
Landslide 1,37,999 790 267 1,07,477
Other
disasters
28,32,961 6,394 700 6,404

4. MAJOR DISASTERS DURING 1973-
97 IN THE WORLD
Time Persons
affected
No. of
deaths
No. of
injured
No. made
homeless
1973-77 6,91,04,928 1,63,811 67,451 36,03,706
1978-82 14,21,30,228 22,579 32,126 10,32,662
1983-87 16,33,08,996 1,45,686 49,670 29,67,031
1988-92 17,90,89,251 83,445 1,18,234 1,16,71,158
1993-97 16,73,20,359 32,206 1,01,018 50,89,333

5. ANNUAL DAMAGE DUE TO
NATURAL DISASTERS IN
INDIA,1990-99
Year No. of people
affected(milli
on)
No. of houses
damaged
Value of
property
damaged(Rs.
-billion)
1990 3.17 10,19,930 1.71
1991 34.27 11,90,109 1.9
1995 54.35 20,88,355 4.73
1997 44.38 11,03,549 3.97
1998 52.17 15,63,405 3.99
1999 50.17 31,04,064 3.88

6. INDIA- Disaster Scenario
Land mass of India – 32,87,263 sq. kms
60% = prone to earthquake
40 million hectares= prone to flood
8% = prone to cyclone
68% = prone to drought
4344 people died during 1990-2000
30 million people affected every year by various disasters
Average annual damage = approximately Rs. 2700 million
World Bank estimates that 13,8 billion US$ lost due to
disasters during 1996-2001

7. AVERAGE ANNUAL LOSS DUE TO
FLOOD
Items Loss
Land area affected 7.56 million hectares
Population affected 32.03 million
Human life lost 1504
Livestock lost 96,713
Houses damaged 1,10,683
Value of houses damaged 1366.15 crores
Value of crop damaged 460.07 crores
Public utilities damaged 377.248 crores
Total losses

8. FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN INDIA
(%)
States Area
Uttar Pradesh(including Uttarancha) 21.9%
Bihar (including Jharkhand) 12.71%
Assam 9.4%
W Bengal 7.91%
Orissa 4.18%
Other States 43.9%

9. FREQUENCY OF CYCLONES
CROSSING COASTS DURING 1891-
1989 WEST COAST
State Coastal districts No. of cyclones
Kerala Trivandrum 1
Ernakulam 1
Malapuram 1
Calicut 2
Karnatak Cannanore 1
S. Kanara 2
Gujrat Baroach 1
Bhavnagar 2
Junagad 10
Jamnagar 3
Kutch 3

10. EAST COAST
State Coastal Districts No. of cyclones
W.Bengal Both 24 Parganas 23
Both Medinipurs 12
Orissa Balasore 19
XCuttack 17
Puri 10
A. Pradesh Srikakulam 14
Vizag 8
Krishna 14
Nellore 21
T.Nadu Chinglepet 15
Tanjore 13
S.Arcot 5
Ramnathpuram 3
Tirunelveli 2

11. LOSSES DUE TO NATURAL
CALAMITIES IN WEST BENGAL
FROM 1977-78 TO 2005-06
Year Population
affected
(lakh)
Crop
damaged
(hect)
Houses
damaged
Total value
of losses
(crore)
1977-78 2.86 35640 22434 10.57
1978-79 156.25 30769 1361338 478.69
1979-80 175.21 1836450 34599 250.33
1980-81 26.20 527992 327134 378.01

12. Year Population
affected
(lakh)
Crop
damaged
(hect)
Houses
damaged
Total
value of
losses
(crore)
1983-84 21.01 571972 85700 160.29
1988-89 34.29 332956 389725 156.75
1991-92 44.00 140987.7 161389 192.25
1995-96 85.96 9509805 1198978 2568.69
1999-2000 175.20 523089 1398345 103.77
2003-04 48.33 127989 300525 475.74

13. Status of damages in Jalpaiguri due
to Flood/Cyclone
Year Area
affect
ed
(hect)
Popul
ation
affect
ed
(lakh)
Crop
area
affect
ed
(hect)
Hous
es
dama
ged
Loss
of
huma
n life
Loss
of
lives
tock
Loss
of
public
utility
(lakh)
Total
loss
(lakh
)
1977 1920
0
.09 N.A. 2200 0 0 N.A. 4.4
1981 1100 .03 888 465 0 0 0 5.68
1983 6480
0
1.88 .16 8120 18 515 25.00 72.58

14. Year Area) Pop
ulati
on
Crop
area
Hous
es
Hum
an
Live
stoc
k
Publi
c
utilit
y
Total
loss
(lakh)
1984 1200 2.87 1100
0
8910 5 846 NA 648.1
1987 95667 7.0 9817 1889
3
0 0 0 778
1990 9000 .73 1090 3554 0 50 50.0 139.7
1991 675 2.53 2040 7760 3 3 200.0 396
1993 10400
0
8.0 2600
0
1750
00
150 1090
00
215.9
50
35796
1999 2620 .58 6050 380 0 0 0 NA

15. Status of damages in N/24 Pgns
due to Flood/Cyclone etc.
Year Crop
area
damage
d (hec)
Value
of crop
damage
d(lakh)
Hum
an life
lost
Catle
lost
Houses
damage
d
Value
of
damag
ed
houses
(lakh)
Loss of
public
proper
ty(lakh
)
2006-
07
58307.6 134.84 02 x 11365-F
39125-P
204.75-F
391.25-P
x
2004-
05
64792.55 672.53 15 38 18170-F
42126-P
363.4-F
421.26-P
11390.92
2003-
04
11833.5 282.35 9 x 8539-F
15131-P
170.78-F
151.31-P
200

16. 2000 155600 38900 17 x 174580 2618.7 x
1999 37602 940.5 07 422 46141-F
55609-P
922082-F
556.09-P
1290
1988 85981 4106 269 41000 57809-F
132440-P
4976.15
1986 67286 2023 9 1138 40645-F
97239-P
1981 54391 2663 397 36661 168936 1998.33 1734.08
1979 15380 239.72 x 35 2026 4.94 20.1
1978 63 x 175580 112.99
Total 551173 49961.1
6
788 79294 1260041 30456.86 14635

17. These figures are typically based on
only the direct visible, financial
impacts of a disaster such as damage
to homes, crops, hospitals, schools,
factories and infrastructure

18. TRUE COSTS OF DISASTERS:
• loss of personal belongings/jobs,
• widening trade deficits,
• budget deficits,
• increasing scale & depth of poverty
are even higher.

19. INDIRECT COSTS OF DISASTERS
ARE SELDOM COUNTED
• Damage to the flow of goods and services,
• Lower output from factories that have been destroyed or
damaged;
• Loss of income from sales due to damaged
infrastructure such as roads and ports,
• Costs associated with having to purchase more
expensive materials or other inputs where normal –
cheaper sources of supply are affected,
• Loss of income earners, through death or injury,
• Interruption of production or access to markets and the
destruction of productive assets, such as home-based
workshops

20. DISASTER LIMITS SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
A population that has been weakened &
depleted by natural disaster, particularly
when it coincides with losses from
malnutrition etc., will be less likely to
have the organizational capacity to
maintain irrigation works, bundhs in
fields for water harvesting, hill slope
terraces, shelter belts.

21. Disaster causes heavy loss of
social assets.
Disaster events destroy the gains
of health, sanitation, drinking
water, housing & education
sectors that underpin social
development.

22. Examples - the Kutch-Bhuj earthquake in
2001, which completely damaged district
hospital, 992 primary schools & 18
secondary schools;
or
the cyclone that hit Orissa, in 1999, which
led to the contamination of drinking water
wells and damaged many schools in the
direct impact of a single event.

23. Women suffer additional stresses in
disaster situations and also bear a
disproportionate burden of the
additional domestic & income-
generating work necessary for
survival following a disaster event.
When women are exposed to
additional stresses, the level of social
development is reduced.

24. DISASTER RISKS IN INDIA ARE FURTHER
COMPOUNDED BY INCREASING
VULNERABILITIES RELATED WITH EVER-
GROWING POPULATION,UNPLANNED
URBANIZATION,INCREASING
INDUSTRIALISATION, DEVELOPMENT
WITHIN HIGH-RISK ZONES,
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION,
CLIMATE CHANGE, ETC.

25. Risk of N/24 Pgns
• Earthquake risk - 70% of land mass falls within
Seismic Zone IV
• Description of shaking intensity within this area:
1. Fright and panic
2. Persons driving cars are disturbed
3. Here and there branches break off
4. Heavy furniture overturns
5. Well-built buildings suffer moderate damage
6. Ordinary masonry buildings suffer heavy damage
7. Rural constructions suffer destruction
8. Stonewalls collapse
9. Small landslips occur in hollows and on banked roads on steep
slopes
10. Cracks develop in ground upto a depth of several centimetres

26. CONCLUSION:
• DISASTER LIMITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• DISASTER LIMITS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
HENCE, DEVELOPMENT
PROJECTS must take into account risk
assessment at the appraisal stage, include a
section on hazard proneness and consider
disaster reduction measures.
Development measures should not increase
vulnerabilities to any hazard.

27. Thank you all
for
your patience hearing