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linguistics (Phonetics and its characteristics )
The document serves as an introductory guide to phonetics, exploring key concepts such as linguistics, the branches of phonetics, and the importance of phonetic study in improving English pronunciation. It details the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and provides a classification of consonant sounds based on voicing, place, and manner of articulation, in addition to a discussion on vowel sounds. Overall, the document emphasizes the significance of understanding sounds in language for effective communication.
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linguistics (Phonetics and its characteristics )
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- 2. æ The content • Whatis linguistic? • What is phonetics? • Why do we need it? • What are the phonetics branches? • IPA • Consonant • Vowels ɒ ɑ: ʌ ɔ: ɜ:ɫ
- 3. What is linguistic? MeaningStructure Sound linguistic The study of language from different branches. There are sound, meaning and structure of a word.
- 4. •My mother isbeautiful • Read it( the sound) • The grammar (structure) • The meaning Try it now !
- 5. Meaning Structure Soundlinguistic Semantic pragmatic Morphology Syntax Phoneti cs Phonology linguistic
- 6. What is phonetics Itis one of the important branches in linguistic ( the science of study a language) It comes from phone (sound). It is Greek word. It is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound. There are three branches of phonetics (articulatory, acoustic and auditory phonetics).
- 7. Articulatory phonetics (How soundsare produced?) Acoustic phonetics (How sounds are transmitted?) Auditory Phonetics How sounds are received?)
- 8. Why do weneed Phonetics? WeneedtostudyPhoneticssothatwecanimproveourpronunciationby learningtoproduceeachsoundofStandardEnglishcorrectly. Weneedtostudyphoneticssothatwecaninterpretthesymbolsusedindictionaries whichrepresentthepronunciationofradioannouncersandeducatedEnglish- speakingpeople. WestudyPhoneticstofeelcomfortableinusing Englishlanguage
- 9. •We are dealingwith sounds
- 10. •The International PhoneticAlphabet IPA The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system where each symbol is associated with a particular English sound. By using IPA you can know exactly how to pronounce a certain word in English. This helps in improving English pronunciation and feeling more confident speaking in English.
- 11. How to describeconsonant sounds The place of articulation The manner of articulation Voicing In English we have consonant and vowels
- 12. Let’s try itin Arabic
- 13. Try it inour language
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- 16. Most English consonantscan be classified using three articulatory parameters: Voicing: vibration or lack of vibration of the vocal folds. Place of Articulation: the point at which the air stream is most restricted. Manner of Articulation: what happens to the moving column of air. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS
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- 18. Voicing • Voicing introducesvibration into the resonating column of air. When the vocal folds are tensed, they vibrate as the air stream passes them. • When your vocal cords are vibrating( voiced) • When your vocal cords are NOT vibrating (voiceless)
- 19. Place of Articulation: thepoint at which the air stream is most restricted.
- 20. Bilabi al • Bilabial consonantsoccur when you block/constrict airflow out of the mouth by bringing your lips together. • /p/ as in “purse” and “rap“ • /b/ as in “back” and “cab“ • /m/ as in “mad” and “clam“
- 21. Labio-Dental Labio-dental consonants occurwhen you block/constrict airflow by curling your lower lip back and raising it to touch your upper row of teeth. /f/ as in “fro” and “calf“ /v/ as in “vine” and “have”
- 22. Dental • Dental consonantsoccur when you block/constrict airflow by placing your slimy tongue against your upper teeth. • /θ/ as is “thick” and “bath“ • /ð/ as in “the” and “rather”
- 23. Alveolar • The alveolarridge is where your teeth meet your gums. • You create Alveolar consonants when you raise your tongue to the alveolar ridge to block or constrict airflow. • /n/ as in “no” and “man“ • /t/ as in “tab” and “rat“ • /d/ as in “dip” and “bad“ • /s/ as in “suit” and “bus“ • /z/ as in “zit” and “jazz“ • /l/ as in “luck” and “fully”
- 24. Post-Alveolar Post-alveolar consonants arethose that occur when the tongue blocks or constricts airflow at the point just beyond the alveolar ridge. • /ʃ/ as in “shot” or “brash” • /ʒ/ as in “vision” or “measure” • /tʃ/ as in “chick” or “match” • /dʒ/ as in “jam” or “badge“
- 25. Palatal • The roofof your mouth is the hard palate. You may know it as “the place that burns like hell when I eat pizza that is too hot.” • You create Palatal consonants when you raise the tongue to this point and constrict airflow. • /j/ as in “yes” and “bayou”
- 26. Velar • You makeVelar Consonants when you raise the back of your tongue to the velum to block or restrict airflow. • /ŋ/ as in “going” • /k/ as in “kite” and “back“ • /g/ as in “good” and “bug“ • /w/ as in “wet” and “howard”
- 27. Glottal • breath fora few seconds while keeping your mouth open. What you are actually doing to keep the air from expelling out of your lungs by closing your glottis. • /h/ as in “hi”
- 29. Can you rememberthe sounds Can you expect where are the letters ?
- 31. Manner of Articulation: whathappens to the moving column of air.
- 32. Nasal • Nasal consonantsare created when you completely block air flow through your mouth and let the air pass through your nose. • There are three nasal consonants in English. • /m/ – “mad” and “clam” – • /n/ – “no” and “man‘ – • /ŋ/ – “going” and “funk”
- 33. Stop • Like nasalconsonants, stop consonants occur when the vocal tract is closed completely. • But for stops the airflow is NOT redirected through the nose. Instead, the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst. • /p/ – purse and rap • /b/ – “back” and “cab” • /t/ – “tab” and “rat” • /d/ – “dip” and “bad” • /k/ – “kite” and “back” • /g/ – “good” and “bug
- 34. Fricative • fricative soundsinvolve only a partial blockage of the vocal tract so that air has to be forced through a narrow channel. • /f/ – “fro” and “calf“- • /v/ – “vine” and “have” • –/θ/ – “thick” and “bath” • /ð/ – “the” and “rather” –) • /s/ – “suit” and “bus” – • /z/ – “zit” and “jazz” • /ʃ/ – “shot” and “brash” – • /ʒ/ – “vision” and “) • /h/ – “happy” and “hope
- 35. Affricate • When stopconsonants mix with fricative consonants, the result is an affricate consonant. • The English affricate sounds are: • /tʃ/ – “chick” and “match” – • /dʒ/ – “jam” and “badge” –
- 36. Vowels Vowel isa speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue, or lips. We need to study vowels because it is the most important sound in a syllable . There are no word without vowels. There are five English vowels, (A, E, I, O, U.). There are five vowels letter in English, but what are the vowels sounds . Are they the same????!!!
- 37. Think about it,then read it. •Bitter •Better •Butter Think about your example
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