The light reaction involves a photochemical phase where light is absorbed by pigment molecules organized into light harvesting complexes like PS I and PS II, which enables the splitting of water, release of oxygen, and formation of high-energy intermediates like ATP and NADPH that drive other reactions.
Compilation of various notes
Define what is photosynthesis
Explain the light dependent reactions
Explain the Calvin cycle
Define what is photorespiration
Compare the photorespiration in C3, C4 and CAM plants
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
This PPT will help you cover the complete topic of PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN DETAIL.
covers everything from introduction to all the cycle ..
For detailed explanation watch the video on my youtube channel- BOTANY INSIDER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VISyatjK5Gk&list=PLLIvWvpvrjO-oFMVYmvxfvkMEBQeBgCQb
Los días 8 y 9 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces acogió el Simposio Internacional 'Química: respuestas para una vida mejor', organizado en colaboración con la Fundación General CSIC. Su finalidad fue ofrecer a los participantes una visión atractiva de la química moderna que sirva de base al desarrollo de nuevas respuestas para una sociedad en rápida evolución.
Compilation of various notes
Define what is photosynthesis
Explain the light dependent reactions
Explain the Calvin cycle
Define what is photorespiration
Compare the photorespiration in C3, C4 and CAM plants
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
This PPT will help you cover the complete topic of PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN DETAIL.
covers everything from introduction to all the cycle ..
For detailed explanation watch the video on my youtube channel- BOTANY INSIDER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VISyatjK5Gk&list=PLLIvWvpvrjO-oFMVYmvxfvkMEBQeBgCQb
Los días 8 y 9 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces acogió el Simposio Internacional 'Química: respuestas para una vida mejor', organizado en colaboración con la Fundación General CSIC. Su finalidad fue ofrecer a los participantes una visión atractiva de la química moderna que sirva de base al desarrollo de nuevas respuestas para una sociedad en rápida evolución.
Photodynamic Therapy using the Hydrosun 750thombody
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photochemical reactions mediated through the interaction of photosensitizing agents, light, and oxygen for the treatment of malignant or benign diseases. Photodynamic therapy is a two-step procedure. In the first step, the photosensitizer is administered to the patient by topical application, and it is allowed to be taken up by the target cells. The second step involves the activation of the photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen with a specific wavelength of light directed toward the target tissue. Because the photosensitizer is preferentially absorbed by hyperproliferative tissue and the light source is directly targeted on the lesional tissue, photodynamic therapy achieves dual selectivity, minimizing damage to adjacent healthy structures.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. •Light reaction includes a Photochemical phase.
It include light absorption, water splitting, oxygen release and
formation of high energy chemical intermediaries as ATP and NADPH
Pigments in this reaction is organized into light harvesting
complexes as PS I and PS II
Editor's Notes
Today we will study about light reaction in photosynthesis and the pigments involved in the light reaction.
The Light harvesting complex
PS I and PS II are the two main light harvesting complexes. The LHC is made of hundreds of pigment molecules bound to proteins.
