This document provides an overview of ligand field theory and its limitations. It contains an introduction to ligand field theory, a list of topics to be covered including assumptions, interactions between ligands and d-orbitals, factors that influence these interactions, applications, d-d transitions, tables of wavelengths and spin factors, and limitations. The limitations discussed are that ligand field theory ignores attractive forces between metal d-electrons and ligand nuclei, partial covalency of metal-ligand bonds, other metal orbitals besides d-orbitals, π-orbitals of ligands, and cannot explain relative ligand strengths or intensities of absorption bands.

1. WEL-COME
TO
Mats University
Mats School of Biological and Chemical Science
Raipur (C.G.)

2. Ligand Field
Theory
Topic
Submitted By
Jageshwar Sahu
(M.Sc 2ed Sem Chemistry )
Guided By
Dr. Radha Krishnan
Mam
ID:-
MU19MCH046
(Crystal Field Theory)

3. CONTENTS:-
• Assumptions of CFT
• Interaction of ligand with d-orbitals
• Factors
• Application
• d-d transition of electron
• Table for W.F. and S.F
• Limitations

17. • The CFT ignore the attractive forces between the d-
electrons of the metal ion and nuclear charge on the
ligand atom.Therefore, all properties are dependent
upon the ligand orbitals and their interactions with
metal orbitals are not explained.
• In CFT model partial covalence of metal-ligand bonds
are not taken into consideration. According to CFT
metal-ligands bonding is purely electrostatic.
• In CFT only d- electrons of the metal ion are
considered, the other orbitals such as S, Px, Py and Pz

18. • In CFT π orbitals of ligand are not considered.
• This theory can not explain the relative strength
of the ligands i.e.it can not explain that why H2O
is a stronger ligand than OH- according to
spectrochemical series.
• It does not explain the charge transfer spectra on
the intensities of the absorption bands

19. Thank YouFor your attention…….