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Life Science
Review
Organism - a living thing
Cell - smallest unit of living things that can
carry out the basic processes of life
CELLS
Cell Membrane - on the outside - holds the
cell together - gatekeeper
Cytoplasm - gel that the organelles float in
Nucleus - control center of the cell
Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell
Vacuole - stores water, food, & waste
All Cells Have
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Cell Wall - stiff outer layer - gives the cell
its shape
Chloroplast - used to make energy from
sunlight
Cell Organization
Cells make Tissue
Tissue make Organs
Organs make Organ Systems
Organ Systems make Organisms
The 6 Kingdoms
Animal Kingdom - multicellular,
must eat to get energy, can move
from place to place, can be
vertebrates or invertebrates
5 Classes of Animals
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Plant Kingdom - has cell walls,
cannot move from place to place,
makes their own food; multicellular
Fungi Kingdom - gets energy from
breaking down dead organisms,
cannot move from place to place,
multicellular
Bacteria Kingdom &
Archaea Kingdom
unicellular - no nucleus
Protist Kingdom - unicellular or
multicellular - can make their own
food or eat other organisms
Body Systems
Skeletal System - provides the
body with protection and support-
works with the muscular system
Muscular System - provides the
body with movement-
works with the skeletal system
Digestive System - breaks down
food so it can be absorbed -
works with the excretory system
Excretory System - rids the body
of waste-
works with the digestive system
Respiratory System - allows an
animal to breathe -
works with the circulatory system
Circulatory System -
move the blood around the body -
works with the respiratory system
Nervous System - helps the body
respond to stimuli-
works with the all body systems
Major Organs
Skeletal - Bones, Tendons, and Ligaments
Muscular - Muscles
Digestive - Stomach, Esophagus, Intestines
Excretory - Kidneys
Respiratory - Lungs
Circulatory - Heart
Nervous - Brain & Spinal Cord
Microorganisms
& disease
Pathogen - disease causing agent
Infectious Disease - caused by pathogens
and passed from one organism to another
Washing hands and medical equipment
can prevent the spread of diseases.
Antibiotics - chemical used to treat
bacterial infections *** always given
AFTER
Vaccines - medicine made from dead or
weakened pathogens to prevent disease
**** always given BEFORE
REPRODUCTION
Asexual Reproduction - the transfer
of genetic material from one parent
- exact copy - can live in isolation -
- well suited to the environment
Splitting - makes a copy of genetic
material and divides in half
Budding -a small part of
the parent’s body grows into a
tiny version of the parent
Vegetative Propagation - produces
a new plant from leaves, roots, or
stems
Sexual Reproduction - the transfer
of genetic material from two parents
- mixed traits - variety of species
- uses seeds, cones, flowers,
- or eggs
Adaptations
Structural Adaptation - adjustment
of internal or external physical
structures to help an organism
survive
- feet, claws, wings, fur, eyes, ears
Camouflage
Protective Coloration - type of
camouflage in which the color of an
animal helps it blend in with the
background
Protective Resemblance - matching
the color, shape, and texture with
the background
Mimicry - when an animal
resembles an unpleasant animal
in order to survive
Behavioral Adaptation - an
adjustment to an organisms
behavior
Migration - the movement of
animals to find food or a better
climate
Hibernation - a period of inactivity
during the winter
Change over time
Variations - differences among
members of the same species
Natural Selection - Darwin’s theory
that says organisms with
favorable variations are more
likely to survive
Fossils - any remains traces, or
imprints of organisms that
lived long ago
Food Chains & Food Webs
Ecosystem - the living and
non-living things in an area
Food Chain - model that shows the
path of energy and nutrients in an
ecosystem
Consumer - any animal that eats
plants or other animals
Decomposer - breaks down dead or
decaying plant & animal material
Producer - organisms that use the
Sun’s energy to make their own
food
Herbivore - plant-eater; prey;
Primary Consumer
Carnivore - meat-eater; predator
Secondary or Tertiary Consumer
Omnivore - eats both plants &
animals
Scavenger - animals that feed on
the remains of dead animals that
they did not hunt or kill
Food Web - a network of food
chains that have some links in
common
Energy Pyramid - a model that
shows how much energy flows
through a food web
Exotic Species - a non-native
organism
Life science
Life science
Life science
Life science
Life science
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Life science

  • 2. Organism - a living thing Cell - smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life CELLS Cell Membrane - on the outside - holds the cell together - gatekeeper Cytoplasm - gel that the organelles float in Nucleus - control center of the cell Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell Vacuole - stores water, food, & waste All Cells Have
  • 3. Plant vs. Animal Cells Cell Wall - stiff outer layer - gives the cell its shape Chloroplast - used to make energy from sunlight
  • 4. Cell Organization Cells make Tissue Tissue make Organs Organs make Organ Systems Organ Systems make Organisms
  • 5. The 6 Kingdoms Animal Kingdom - multicellular, must eat to get energy, can move from place to place, can be vertebrates or invertebrates
  • 6. 5 Classes of Animals Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
  • 7. Plant Kingdom - has cell walls, cannot move from place to place, makes their own food; multicellular
  • 8. Fungi Kingdom - gets energy from breaking down dead organisms, cannot move from place to place, multicellular
  • 9. Bacteria Kingdom & Archaea Kingdom unicellular - no nucleus
  • 10. Protist Kingdom - unicellular or multicellular - can make their own food or eat other organisms
  • 11. Body Systems Skeletal System - provides the body with protection and support- works with the muscular system Muscular System - provides the body with movement- works with the skeletal system
  • 12. Digestive System - breaks down food so it can be absorbed - works with the excretory system Excretory System - rids the body of waste- works with the digestive system
  • 13. Respiratory System - allows an animal to breathe - works with the circulatory system Circulatory System - move the blood around the body - works with the respiratory system
  • 14. Nervous System - helps the body respond to stimuli- works with the all body systems
  • 15. Major Organs Skeletal - Bones, Tendons, and Ligaments Muscular - Muscles Digestive - Stomach, Esophagus, Intestines Excretory - Kidneys Respiratory - Lungs Circulatory - Heart Nervous - Brain & Spinal Cord
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Microorganisms & disease Pathogen - disease causing agent Infectious Disease - caused by pathogens and passed from one organism to another Washing hands and medical equipment can prevent the spread of diseases.
  • 20. Antibiotics - chemical used to treat bacterial infections *** always given AFTER Vaccines - medicine made from dead or weakened pathogens to prevent disease **** always given BEFORE
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. REPRODUCTION Asexual Reproduction - the transfer of genetic material from one parent - exact copy - can live in isolation - - well suited to the environment
  • 25. Splitting - makes a copy of genetic material and divides in half Budding -a small part of the parent’s body grows into a tiny version of the parent
  • 26. Vegetative Propagation - produces a new plant from leaves, roots, or stems
  • 27. Sexual Reproduction - the transfer of genetic material from two parents - mixed traits - variety of species - uses seeds, cones, flowers, - or eggs
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. Adaptations Structural Adaptation - adjustment of internal or external physical structures to help an organism survive - feet, claws, wings, fur, eyes, ears
  • 34. Camouflage Protective Coloration - type of camouflage in which the color of an animal helps it blend in with the background
  • 35. Protective Resemblance - matching the color, shape, and texture with the background
  • 36. Mimicry - when an animal resembles an unpleasant animal in order to survive
  • 37. Behavioral Adaptation - an adjustment to an organisms behavior Migration - the movement of animals to find food or a better climate Hibernation - a period of inactivity during the winter
  • 38. Change over time Variations - differences among members of the same species Natural Selection - Darwin’s theory that says organisms with favorable variations are more likely to survive
  • 39. Fossils - any remains traces, or imprints of organisms that lived long ago
  • 40. Food Chains & Food Webs Ecosystem - the living and non-living things in an area Food Chain - model that shows the path of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem
  • 41. Consumer - any animal that eats plants or other animals Decomposer - breaks down dead or decaying plant & animal material Producer - organisms that use the Sun’s energy to make their own food
  • 42. Herbivore - plant-eater; prey; Primary Consumer
  • 43. Carnivore - meat-eater; predator Secondary or Tertiary Consumer
  • 44. Omnivore - eats both plants & animals
  • 45. Scavenger - animals that feed on the remains of dead animals that they did not hunt or kill
  • 46. Food Web - a network of food chains that have some links in common Energy Pyramid - a model that shows how much energy flows through a food web
  • 47. Exotic Species - a non-native organism