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Lhd
The document discusses different methods for mucking and loading ore in underground mines, including: - LHD (load haulage damp) buckets that range from 0.5 to 8.4 m3 and can yield 300-800 tonnes per shift over 150-400 m tramming distances. - Slushers with 0.22 to 0.8 m3 buckets that can yield 30-100 tonnes per shift over 20-50 m distances. - Overhead loaders with 0.125 to 1 m3 buckets and 1 to 5 m3 containers that can yield a technical rate of 20-60 tonnes per hour over 5-20 m distances. - Factors that influence production
Lhd
- 1. LHD - loadhaulage damp Bucket size : from 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 150 - 400 m Yield : 300 - 800 t/shift
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- 3. Loading by SlusherBucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
- 4. Mucking by SlusherBucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
- 5. Mucking and loadingby overhead loader Bucket size : from 0,125 to 1 m 3 Container size : 1 to 5 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 5 - 20 m Technical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hour
- 6. Mucking and loadingby vibrating feeder Technical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hour Minimal ore reserve : 100 000 t
- 7. Haulage by trackCapacity : from 6 to 60 t ; Tramming distance : 500 à 1000 m
- 8. Track loading Loadingby vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by hydraulic shovel
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- 10. Haulage by trainLocomotive 18 tonnes, wagons of 7.5 m 3 , Kiruna : 500 t by train
- 11. Wagon loading Loadingby vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by overhead loader
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- 16. Cost of loadingwhere : C load - operating cost of loading in $ per tonne of rock ; C hour - hourly operating cost of the equipment in $ per hour ; P average - average production rate of the equipment in tonnes per hour.
- 17. Production rate ofloading where : Q - bucket size, m 3 ; - ore density, t/ m 3 ; f fill - bucket filling factor ; f swelling =1.1 to 1.5 - swelling factor ; D - one way tramming distance in meters ; v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
- 18. Production rate ofloading LHD : 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Q - bucket size Slusher : 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Overhead loader (CAVO) : bucket 0,125 to 1 m 3 container 1 to 5 m 3
- 19. f fill - bucket filling factor Coarse blocs : f fill = 0,8 - 1,1 Moist material : f fill = 0,55 - 0,7 Fine material < 50 mm : f fill = 0,55 - 0,75 LHD Slusher Gros blocs de minerai : f fill = 0,5 - 0,7 Minerai fine < 50 mm : f fill = 0,8 - 1 Production rate of loading
- 20. v -average speed over the cycle Favorable conditions : v = 9 à 16 km/h Average conditions : v = 8 à 12 km/h Unfavorable conditions : v = 5 à 8 km/h Diesel-driven LHD Slusher v = 4.5 to 5.5 km/h Favorable conditions : v = 9.5 km/h Average conditions : v = 6.5 km/h Unfavorable conditions : v = 3.2 km/h Electric-driven LHD Production rate of loading
- 21. t fix - fixed cycle time (loading, dumping, maneuver) Favorable conditions : t fix = 0.8 min Average conditions : t fix = 1.1 min Unfavorable conditions : t fix = 1.4 min LHD Slusher t fix = 0.5 min Production rate of loading
- 22. Distance variable D max D min Distance Production D min D max R = f(D)
- 23. Average production rateof loading where : Q - bucket size, m 3 ; - ore density, t/ m 3 ; f fill - bucket filling factor ; f swelling = 1.1 to 1.5 - rock swelling factor ; D min - minimum one way tramming distance in meters ; D max - maximum one way tramming distance in meters ; v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
- 24. Influence of distanceon production
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- 26. Cost estimation Capitalcost Hourly operating cost Operator labor Parts Maintenance labor Diesel fuel Electric power Lube oil Tires Compressed air
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Editor's Notes
- #9 En bas à gauche ROCK WORLD, 1/2001 Sansvik Tamrock customer magazine, p.27. Alp Transit tunnel construction in Bodio, Switzerland. Loader Sansvik Tamrock : Broyt ED 600T Compact 3,4 m3 bucket Electric-Diesel (ED) Powerpack The Truck : Type A : 32 - ton rigid body (Ferrari DM 3227), 16 m3(struck)/22 m3 (heaped) Type B : 25 - ton artuculated (Bell 25), 13 m3(struck)/18 m3 (heaped) A truck five full buckets - 112 seconds, B truck - 80 seconds, Tunnel 50 m² : 6.75 at floor level and 7.8 width at a level of 2.5 m from the floor.