This document provides a lesson on identifying and correcting common sentence errors, specifically sentence fragments. It discusses four types of fragments: dependent word fragments, -ing and to fragments, added-detail fragments, and missing-subject fragments. For each type, it provides examples and guidelines for correcting the errors, such as connecting the fragment to the previous sentence or creating a new sentence. Practice exercises are included for students to identify fragment errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 25Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses run-on sentences and comma splices. It defines run-on sentences as sentences made up of two complete thoughts with no clear break between them. There are two types of run-on sentences: fused sentences and comma splices. Fused sentences simply stick two complete thoughts together with no punctuation, while comma splices incorrectly use only a comma to join two complete thoughts. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying and correcting run-on sentences and comma splices.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 26Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on subject-verb agreement in English sentences. It discusses how singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs. It then examines situations that can cause problems with subject-verb agreement, including when the subject and verb are separated by a prepositional phrase, when the verb comes before the subject, when the subject is an indefinite pronoun, and with compound subjects. Examples are provided and practices exercises are included for students to identify subjects and verbs.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 27Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on pronouns, focusing on agreement, reference, and point of view. It discusses how pronouns must agree in number with their antecedents and refers clearly to a single noun. Examples are given of pronoun mistakes and their corrections. Students are given practices to identify pronoun errors and rewrite sentences fixing the errors. The lesson emphasizes the importance of consistent pronoun usage for clear communication.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 31Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses topic sentences and paragraph structure. It begins by defining the key elements of a well-written paragraph: a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. It then examines the characteristics of a good topic sentence, noting that it should contain both a topic and controlling idea. The document provides examples and exercises for writing effective topic and concluding sentences. It emphasizes that a topic sentence can appear in different locations within a paragraph and sometimes serves to summarize the main points.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 29Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on punctuation, focusing specifically on commas and apostrophes. It begins by explaining that punctuation depends on grammar and serves to indicate pauses, gestures, and tones in writing that are present in speech. The document then details five main uses of the comma: between items in a series, after introductory material, around words that interrupt sentence flow, between complete thoughts joined by a conjunction, and with direct quotations. Examples and practice exercises are provided for each comma rule. The document also explains the two main uses of the apostrophe: to indicate contractions and possessive nouns. Definitions and examples of each apostrophe use are given.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 25Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses run-on sentences and comma splices. It defines run-on sentences as sentences made up of two complete thoughts with no clear break between them. There are two types of run-on sentences: fused sentences and comma splices. Fused sentences simply stick two complete thoughts together with no punctuation, while comma splices incorrectly use only a comma to join two complete thoughts. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying and correcting run-on sentences and comma splices.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 26Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on subject-verb agreement in English sentences. It discusses how singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs. It then examines situations that can cause problems with subject-verb agreement, including when the subject and verb are separated by a prepositional phrase, when the verb comes before the subject, when the subject is an indefinite pronoun, and with compound subjects. Examples are provided and practices exercises are included for students to identify subjects and verbs.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 27Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on pronouns, focusing on agreement, reference, and point of view. It discusses how pronouns must agree in number with their antecedents and refers clearly to a single noun. Examples are given of pronoun mistakes and their corrections. Students are given practices to identify pronoun errors and rewrite sentences fixing the errors. The lesson emphasizes the importance of consistent pronoun usage for clear communication.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 31Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses topic sentences and paragraph structure. It begins by defining the key elements of a well-written paragraph: a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. It then examines the characteristics of a good topic sentence, noting that it should contain both a topic and controlling idea. The document provides examples and exercises for writing effective topic and concluding sentences. It emphasizes that a topic sentence can appear in different locations within a paragraph and sometimes serves to summarize the main points.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 29Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on punctuation, focusing specifically on commas and apostrophes. It begins by explaining that punctuation depends on grammar and serves to indicate pauses, gestures, and tones in writing that are present in speech. The document then details five main uses of the comma: between items in a series, after introductory material, around words that interrupt sentence flow, between complete thoughts joined by a conjunction, and with direct quotations. Examples and practice exercises are provided for each comma rule. The document also explains the two main uses of the apostrophe: to indicate contractions and possessive nouns. Definitions and examples of each apostrophe use are given.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 44Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a detailed lesson on the use of articles in English. It begins by classifying words into major and minor categories. Minor words, including articles, are discussed in depth. There are two articles in English - the definite article "the" and the indefinite article "a/an." The lesson examines the specific rules for using articles, such as only using "a/an" with singular count nouns and "the" to indicate something is identifiable to the listener. It also covers less common uses including generic, unique, and institutional uses of articles. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate proper article usage.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 34Bilal Ahmed
This document provides guidance on writing introductions, thesis statements, and conclusions for essays. It begins by defining the key components of an introduction paragraph: introducing the topic, providing background, specifying the overall plan, and arousing reader interest. It then provides examples of introduction paragraphs with general and specific statements that culminate in a clear thesis statement. The document also discusses writing conclusions by summarizing main points or restating the thesis with final comments. Practice examples are provided to reinforce these skills.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 32Bilal Ahmed
This document provides instruction on writing paragraphs. It discusses the importance of unity, coherence, and organization in paragraphs. Unity means a paragraph should have a single main idea, and all sentences must directly relate to and support the main idea. Coherence refers to the logical flow and connection between sentences. It can be achieved through transition signals and logical ordering of ideas. Common logical orders include chronological order and order of importance. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand how to write unified and coherent paragraphs.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 37Bilal Ahmed
The document provides guidance on organizing the main body of an essay. It discusses four types of linear relationships for organizing an essay: chronological, process, cyclic process, and cause-effect. It also briefly mentions two other patterns: spatial relationships and comparison/contrast. The document aims to explain these different patterns to help students learn how to structure the central part of an essay in an organized and coherent manner. It includes examples and practice exercises related to chronological and process patterns of organization.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 39Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses two ways of organizing texts: spatial relationships and classification. It provides examples of describing locations and places from both a pedestrian and bird's eye view. Students are given practice describing locations using spatial expressions and organizing sentences from general to specific. The document also discusses classifying ideas and examples, such as fruits, and writing texts based on classification. Students are provided examples of classification diagrams and sentences.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 42Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses verb tenses and passive sentences in English. It begins by explaining that verbs are the most important part of a sentence as they indicate the action and tense. There are six main tenses in English - present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. The document then explains the four main parts of regular verbs and provides examples of how they are used to form different tenses. It examines each of the six main tenses in more detail and provides examples. It also discusses the progressive and perfect tenses. Finally, it includes some practice exercises for identifying incorrect or inconsistent verb tense usage.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 45Bilal Ahmed
1) The document discusses language forms and functions. It explains that language functions are things people want to do with language like conveying information or expressing emotions.
2) Some common language functions are requesting information, giving information, establishing contact, responding to others, and influencing others' behavior.
3) To be competent in a language, learners must understand how native speakers use appropriate language forms to perform different language functions in different situations.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 38Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on organizing texts using cyclic and cause-effect structures. It discusses the differences between linear and cyclic processes, and provides examples of each. Students are given practice matching sentences to diagrams of the carbon and malaria cycles. The document then discusses determining and expressing cause-effect relationships clearly in writing, providing guidelines on language to indicate certainty or doubt. Students are given additional practice identifying causal language and relationships in short texts.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 36Bilal Ahmed
The document provides information about choosing essay topics, analyzing essay titles, and note taking for essay writing. It discusses the following key points:
1. Students are often given a list of topics to choose from and it is important to carefully select a topic that interests you.
2. When analyzing a title, you should identify the key concepts and content areas it directs you to focus on, as well as the type of analysis or judgment it requires.
3. Effective note taking for essays involves summarizing ideas, selecting relevant points, and relating information to your topic in a clear and organized format like an outline. This helps with understanding the material and writing the essay.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 43Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on word order in English sentences. It discusses the typical placement of verbs and objects, adverbs, words like "still" and "yet", conjunctions like "although" and "even though", and the use of words like "even", "as", and "like". Examples are given to illustrate correct and incorrect word orders. Multiple practice exercises are included for learners to identify correct and incorrect usages. The document aims to help learners understand and properly apply word order rules in English sentences.
This document discusses different ways to transform sentences based on their structure, including from simple to complex to compound sentences. It provides examples of each sentence type and rules for transforming between types by changing conjunctions, adding or removing clauses, and modifying verbs and adjectives. The document aims to teach how to change a sentence's structure while maintaining its meaning. It includes exercises applying the rules to practice transforming simple, complex, and compound sentences.
A complete guide on transformation of sentences. Perfectly explained as to how various types of sentences can be changed. All the rules explained in a simplified way.
Hope you guys like it.
Follow for more grammar ppts.
1) The document discusses how verb tenses change when direct speech is reported as indirect speech, such as changing from present to past tense.
2) It also explains how modal verbs like "will" and "may" often change to "would" and "could" respectively in indirect speech.
3) However, some modal verbs like "should", "could", "might", and "ought to" do not change in indirect speech, nor do verbs in past perfect tense, present or past unreal conditionals, or past modal verbs.
The document discusses various ways to transform sentences in English without changing their meaning. It describes transforming simple sentences into compound or complex sentences by expanding words or phrases into clauses. Simple sentences can also be made by reducing clauses. Specific examples are provided of transforming sentences by changing their type, degrees of comparison, or from affirmative to negative/exclamatory. Transformations involving the adverb "too" and changing simple sentences to compound or complex are also covered.
Apresentação sobre "Conditional Sentences" preparada pela Professora Erika Petiz, para os seus alunos do Colégio Espaço Aberto, sedes Bezerra de Menezes e Papicu
The document discusses adjective clauses, which modify nouns and pronouns. Adjective clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, that, which or relative adverbs like when or where. Commas are used with nonessential adjective clauses but not with essential clauses. The document provides examples of correctly and incorrectly used adjective clauses.
The document discusses the second conditional, which is used to talk about impossible or unlikely situations. It is formed using the structure "if + past tense/past perfect, would/could/might + bare infinitive". Some examples given include "If I had millions of dollars, I'd give a lot to charity" and "If we met up for lunch, we could go to that new restaurant." The subjunctive form "were" is often used after "I/he/she/it/we" in the if-clause. Advice can also be given using "If I were you...".
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. There are three main types:
1) Type 0 or real conditional sentences use the present simple tense to describe general truths or facts. Examples are given such as "Water turns to ice if it freezes."
2) Type 1 or probable conditional sentences use the present simple in the if-clause and will/can + infinitive in the main clause to describe probable future events based on present conditions. An example is "If I study hard, I will pass the exam."
3) Type 2 or unreal conditional sentences use the past simple in the if-clause and would/could + infinitive in the main clause to describe improbable or hypothetical
Here are wishes for the sentences:
- You want to buy a new car, but you haven’t got any money.
- I wish I had enough money (to buy a new car).
- You didn’t follow your friend’s sensible advice.
- I wish I’d followed my friend’s advice.
- You lost your lecture notes.
- I wish I hadn’t lost my lecture notes.
- You want to ask a friend to help you, but he’s out of the country.
- I wish my friend wasn’t out of the country.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 44Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a detailed lesson on the use of articles in English. It begins by classifying words into major and minor categories. Minor words, including articles, are discussed in depth. There are two articles in English - the definite article "the" and the indefinite article "a/an." The lesson examines the specific rules for using articles, such as only using "a/an" with singular count nouns and "the" to indicate something is identifiable to the listener. It also covers less common uses including generic, unique, and institutional uses of articles. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate proper article usage.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 34Bilal Ahmed
This document provides guidance on writing introductions, thesis statements, and conclusions for essays. It begins by defining the key components of an introduction paragraph: introducing the topic, providing background, specifying the overall plan, and arousing reader interest. It then provides examples of introduction paragraphs with general and specific statements that culminate in a clear thesis statement. The document also discusses writing conclusions by summarizing main points or restating the thesis with final comments. Practice examples are provided to reinforce these skills.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 32Bilal Ahmed
This document provides instruction on writing paragraphs. It discusses the importance of unity, coherence, and organization in paragraphs. Unity means a paragraph should have a single main idea, and all sentences must directly relate to and support the main idea. Coherence refers to the logical flow and connection between sentences. It can be achieved through transition signals and logical ordering of ideas. Common logical orders include chronological order and order of importance. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand how to write unified and coherent paragraphs.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 37Bilal Ahmed
The document provides guidance on organizing the main body of an essay. It discusses four types of linear relationships for organizing an essay: chronological, process, cyclic process, and cause-effect. It also briefly mentions two other patterns: spatial relationships and comparison/contrast. The document aims to explain these different patterns to help students learn how to structure the central part of an essay in an organized and coherent manner. It includes examples and practice exercises related to chronological and process patterns of organization.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 39Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses two ways of organizing texts: spatial relationships and classification. It provides examples of describing locations and places from both a pedestrian and bird's eye view. Students are given practice describing locations using spatial expressions and organizing sentences from general to specific. The document also discusses classifying ideas and examples, such as fruits, and writing texts based on classification. Students are provided examples of classification diagrams and sentences.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 42Bilal Ahmed
This document discusses verb tenses and passive sentences in English. It begins by explaining that verbs are the most important part of a sentence as they indicate the action and tense. There are six main tenses in English - present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. The document then explains the four main parts of regular verbs and provides examples of how they are used to form different tenses. It examines each of the six main tenses in more detail and provides examples. It also discusses the progressive and perfect tenses. Finally, it includes some practice exercises for identifying incorrect or inconsistent verb tense usage.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 45Bilal Ahmed
1) The document discusses language forms and functions. It explains that language functions are things people want to do with language like conveying information or expressing emotions.
2) Some common language functions are requesting information, giving information, establishing contact, responding to others, and influencing others' behavior.
3) To be competent in a language, learners must understand how native speakers use appropriate language forms to perform different language functions in different situations.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 38Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on organizing texts using cyclic and cause-effect structures. It discusses the differences between linear and cyclic processes, and provides examples of each. Students are given practice matching sentences to diagrams of the carbon and malaria cycles. The document then discusses determining and expressing cause-effect relationships clearly in writing, providing guidelines on language to indicate certainty or doubt. Students are given additional practice identifying causal language and relationships in short texts.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 36Bilal Ahmed
The document provides information about choosing essay topics, analyzing essay titles, and note taking for essay writing. It discusses the following key points:
1. Students are often given a list of topics to choose from and it is important to carefully select a topic that interests you.
2. When analyzing a title, you should identify the key concepts and content areas it directs you to focus on, as well as the type of analysis or judgment it requires.
3. Effective note taking for essays involves summarizing ideas, selecting relevant points, and relating information to your topic in a clear and organized format like an outline. This helps with understanding the material and writing the essay.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 43Bilal Ahmed
This document provides a lesson on word order in English sentences. It discusses the typical placement of verbs and objects, adverbs, words like "still" and "yet", conjunctions like "although" and "even though", and the use of words like "even", "as", and "like". Examples are given to illustrate correct and incorrect word orders. Multiple practice exercises are included for learners to identify correct and incorrect usages. The document aims to help learners understand and properly apply word order rules in English sentences.
This document discusses different ways to transform sentences based on their structure, including from simple to complex to compound sentences. It provides examples of each sentence type and rules for transforming between types by changing conjunctions, adding or removing clauses, and modifying verbs and adjectives. The document aims to teach how to change a sentence's structure while maintaining its meaning. It includes exercises applying the rules to practice transforming simple, complex, and compound sentences.
A complete guide on transformation of sentences. Perfectly explained as to how various types of sentences can be changed. All the rules explained in a simplified way.
Hope you guys like it.
Follow for more grammar ppts.
1) The document discusses how verb tenses change when direct speech is reported as indirect speech, such as changing from present to past tense.
2) It also explains how modal verbs like "will" and "may" often change to "would" and "could" respectively in indirect speech.
3) However, some modal verbs like "should", "could", "might", and "ought to" do not change in indirect speech, nor do verbs in past perfect tense, present or past unreal conditionals, or past modal verbs.
The document discusses various ways to transform sentences in English without changing their meaning. It describes transforming simple sentences into compound or complex sentences by expanding words or phrases into clauses. Simple sentences can also be made by reducing clauses. Specific examples are provided of transforming sentences by changing their type, degrees of comparison, or from affirmative to negative/exclamatory. Transformations involving the adverb "too" and changing simple sentences to compound or complex are also covered.
Apresentação sobre "Conditional Sentences" preparada pela Professora Erika Petiz, para os seus alunos do Colégio Espaço Aberto, sedes Bezerra de Menezes e Papicu
The document discusses adjective clauses, which modify nouns and pronouns. Adjective clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, that, which or relative adverbs like when or where. Commas are used with nonessential adjective clauses but not with essential clauses. The document provides examples of correctly and incorrectly used adjective clauses.
The document discusses the second conditional, which is used to talk about impossible or unlikely situations. It is formed using the structure "if + past tense/past perfect, would/could/might + bare infinitive". Some examples given include "If I had millions of dollars, I'd give a lot to charity" and "If we met up for lunch, we could go to that new restaurant." The subjunctive form "were" is often used after "I/he/she/it/we" in the if-clause. Advice can also be given using "If I were you...".
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. There are three main types:
1) Type 0 or real conditional sentences use the present simple tense to describe general truths or facts. Examples are given such as "Water turns to ice if it freezes."
2) Type 1 or probable conditional sentences use the present simple in the if-clause and will/can + infinitive in the main clause to describe probable future events based on present conditions. An example is "If I study hard, I will pass the exam."
3) Type 2 or unreal conditional sentences use the past simple in the if-clause and would/could + infinitive in the main clause to describe improbable or hypothetical
Here are wishes for the sentences:
- You want to buy a new car, but you haven’t got any money.
- I wish I had enough money (to buy a new car).
- You didn’t follow your friend’s sensible advice.
- I wish I’d followed my friend’s advice.
- You lost your lecture notes.
- I wish I hadn’t lost my lecture notes.
- You want to ask a friend to help you, but he’s out of the country.
- I wish my friend wasn’t out of the country.
CS101- Introduction to Computing- Lecture 39Bilal Ahmed
Cyber crime takes many forms such as denial of service attacks, software piracy, viruses, and industrial espionage. DoS attacks involve overloading servers with traffic to render them unusable. Viruses are self-replicating software that infect files and systems. Common defenses include email filtering, intrusion detection, encryption, and antivirus software. Engaging in cyber crimes can result in legal prosecution with jail time and fines.
MGT101 - Financial Accounting- Lecture 38Bilal Ahmed
The document discusses key financial statements including the statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement, and notes to the accounts. It also covers topics like share premium, revaluation reserve, debentures, and term finance certificates. There is a sample problem that requires preparing the balance sheet of Beta (Private) Limited based on given trial balance figures and additional information.
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 35Bilal Ahmed
This document provides instruction on how to write an outline for an essay. It begins by explaining what an outline is and its purpose in both writing and reading. Key points covered include organizing ideas in a logical order with headings and subheadings, using parallel structure, avoiding overlap between headings, and leaving space to add details. Examples of outlines on various topics like Shakespeare's works and books enjoyed are included to illustrate best practices. The document concludes with guidance on writing topic sentences for each heading and subheading in an outline.
The Complex sentence - Coordination and SubordinationMery Kul
This document discusses complex sentences and the different types of clauses that can be used to form complex sentences. It defines coordination as linking two clauses of equal grammatical status, while subordination involves linking one main clause to a dependent clause. Dependent clauses can be finite, containing a finite verb, non-finite with a non-finite verb like a gerund or infinitive, or verbless. The document provides examples of complex sentences using different types of dependent clauses and examines the similarities and differences between coordination and subordination.
The document provides information on summarizing texts through identifying key points, topics, and using context clues and word roots and affixes. It discusses the effects of climate change and using graphic organizers to summarize information. It also explains strategies for adding suffixes like -tion and -ion to base words to form new words. Some examples provided are investigate-investigation and operate-operation. The document emphasizes the importance of connecting information to personal experiences when summarizing.
This document contains notes from an English writing class. It discusses revising essays, choosing which essay to revise, and strategies for reducing wordiness in writing. Students have the option to revise either their second or fourth essay for a new grade by the deadline of Friday in week 9. The document provides tips for revising essays, including clarifying the topic, strengthening the thesis, ensuring all necessary causes and consequences are included, and properly citing sources. It also discusses different types of wordy or redundant language that can be trimmed, such as long clauses, phrases, empty sentence openers, and overused modifiers. Examples are given and students are instructed to practice identifying and shortening wordy sentences.
This document provides an agenda and instructions for Essay #4. It discusses the assignment prompt, which is to propose a solution to a well-defined problem faced by a community. It outlines steps for brainstorming problems, exploring potential solutions, choosing the most promising solution, and researching to support the argument. It also covers revising for wordiness, parallel structure, and other sentence-level errors. Students are guided through listing problems, generating multiple solutions, explaining why their chosen solution would work and is possible to implement. They are instructed to find examples of wordy or non-parallel sentences in their own writing to refine.
The document provides information and instructions for an EWRT 1A class. It discusses revising essays #2 or #4 for a class, with revisions due before Friday of week 9. It offers tips for revising, including reading instructor comments, and notes there is no penalty for revisions and the new grade will replace the original. It also discusses revising problem essay #5 to use for essay #6, highlighting areas to check like the topic, thesis, causes, consequences, examples, and citations. Finally, it covers eliminating wordiness in writing through reducing clauses and phrases, avoiding empty openers and overworked modifiers, and removing redundancies.
This document provides information about English sentences and punctuation. It begins by defining what a sentence is and describing different types of sentences such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It then discusses correct punctuation including full stops, commas, apostrophes, colons, semicolons, dashes, and sentence spacing. It provides examples and exercises for using each punctuation mark properly. The document aims to help improve understanding of constructing English sentences and using punctuation correctly.
This document discusses grammar rules for sentences and sentence fragments. It defines a sentence as having both a subject and a predicate, while a fragment is missing either a subject or predicate. To fix fragments, the missing element must be added to make the thought complete. Fragments can also be joined to a nearby sentence or have their dependent clause removed. The document provides examples of fragments and how to correct them to follow proper grammar.
This document discusses how viewers can be influenced by media in three ways: through stereotypes, point of view, and propaganda. Stereotypes refer to mental pictures or characteristics held in common for members of a group. Point of view refers to the mental position from which a story is observed and depends on how the narrator sees characters, events, and places. Propaganda is designed to persuade the audience. Examples are then given of how stereotypes, point of view, and propaganda can influence viewers.
Essay writing 1 from theory to practice- Carmen MedinaAlberto Lanzat
This document provides an overview of essay writing from distinguishing different types of essays to outlining the basic structure. It covers key elements like the thesis statement, topic sentences, supporting details, and transitions. Examples are given for a five-paragraph essay on a hobby. Different types of essay questions are outlined along with how to answer each. Formal writing rules and a checklist are also included to help improve writing skills.
This presentation discusses the different parts of sentences including the subject, predicate, phrases, and clauses. It defines each part and provides examples. It also describes the four main types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences. Finally, it outlines the four categories of sentences based on use: declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences.
The document provides guidance on identifying and avoiding faulty sentences such as fragments, run-ons, and comma splices. It begins with an example paragraph containing various sentence issues and has students identify the complete sentences. It then defines what makes a sentence complete and discusses different types of fragments. It also covers how to identify and correct run-on sentences and comma splices. Exercises are provided for students to practice applying the concepts.
The document provides instructions and exercises for students to practice grammar related to verb tenses, specifically for the TOEFL exam. It includes 4 parts that address: 1) using the past tense with the present, 2) using have and had correctly, 3) verb tenses with time expressions, and 4) verb tenses with will and would. For each part, students are given examples and asked to identify whether sentences are correct or incorrect.
This document provides an overview of Module 4 which focuses on improving cohesion and coherence in writing. It discusses four main topics: 1) reviewing previous modules and completing assignments, 2) connecting sentences using cohesive devices like transitions and prepositional phrases, 3) the four types of cohesive devices - connectors, definite articles, personal pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns, with an emphasis on connectors, and 4) punctuation rules for using transitions and prepositional phrases. The goal is to help writers create better flow and connection between sentences and ideas in their paragraphs.
This document outlines the requisites of a good sentence: clarity, consistency, and economy. It discusses how to achieve clarity through proper punctuation, clear pronoun reference, and correct word order. Consistency requires choosing an appropriate sentence pattern and sticking to it. Economy means communicating precisely without redundancy or long-windedness. The document provides examples of good and poor sentence structures and gives tips for writing clear, consistent, and economical sentences.
WEEK 6 Day 3 Phrase, Clause and Sentence.pptxlaytzjhay
The document provides friendly reminders and objectives for a learning activity. The reminders include to not be shy, prepare materials, ask questions, and answer questions if able. The objectives are to identify phrases, clauses, and sentences, and provide examples of each. The learning activity asks students to identify groups of words as phrases, clauses, or sentences. It then provides descriptions and examples of phrases, clauses, and sentences. Finally, it asks students to provide their own examples.
This document provides guidance on identifying and fixing common sentence structure problems in writing, including sentence fragments, run-on sentences, comma splices, stringy sentences, and choppy sentences. It defines each problem, provides examples, and explains rules and techniques for fixing the issues. The document also includes practice exercises for the reader to apply the concepts in correcting sentences with various structural issues.
CAPS-COMMUNICATION AND PRESENTATION SKILLS.pptxKhyatiKarki
AN EASY GUIDE for professionals to improve their communication and presenting skills. This presentation is tailored to busy professionals who don't have much time to prepare for client conversations but still want to make a good first impression.
Writing Skill B W S best 1 P POINT(1).pptxThomasHundasa1
This document provides an introduction to basic writing skills, including defining parts of sentences. It discusses the different types of words, phrases, and clauses that make up sentences. It also defines the four main types of sentences based on structure: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. Additionally, it covers topics like sentence combination, coordination, and correlative conjunctions. The overall purpose is to outline foundational concepts for analyzing and constructing grammatically correct sentences.
The document provides instruction on sentence expansion techniques, including coordination, subordination, relative clauses, appositive phrases, and adverbial clauses. Students are assigned a writing task applying these techniques and must underline and label the patterns used. They are also given reading and office hour assignments.
Basic English writing skills-1 for students.pdfgedefawtaye
This document discusses clauses and sentence types. It defines a clause as a group of words with a subject and predicate. There are two main types of clauses: main/independent clauses which can stand alone as sentences, and subordinate/dependent clauses which cannot stand alone and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The document then discusses four basic sentence types: simple sentences with one independent clause, compound sentences with two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions, complex sentences with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, and compound-complex sentences with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Similar to ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 24 (20)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. In earlier lessons we have been exploring
ways of writing more effective sentences. In
today’s lesson we will look at the errors we
all make and how to revise these errors.
Let us begin……………..
3. Lesson 24 - Sentence Errors to be Avoided
Having considered the general elements
which make for effectiveness in sentences, we
will now take up four common errors in
sentence construction. These errors should be
avoided by all who write in English. These
errors are:
i Sentence Fragments
ii Run-on sentences
(a) fused sentences (b) comma splice
iii Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
4. Sentence Fragments
We said that a sentence is a group of words
that must contain a subject and a verb. It must
also express one complete thought. Therefore
a number of ideas must not be huddled
together in a simple unit. Now a sentence
fragment, as the phrase tells you, is less than a
sentence - it is a fragment because it lacks a
subject or a verb or because it does not
express a complete thought. The following are
samples of fragments.
Today’s lesson sentence fragments only
5. - My neighbour being a typical businessman
who prides himself on his efficiency.
- Because there are two computers on his desk.
The writer of these incomplete statements
apparently forgot that a sentence must express
a complete thought. You might say that
professional writers-novelists, short story
writers use incomplete sentences, but if you
look closely you will see that their fragments
convey complete thoughts and they convey
them immediately.
6. - My neighbour being a typical businessman
who prides himself on his efficiency.
- Because there are two computers on his desk.
7. Besides, they are professional writers and you
are a beginner learning to write! We shall now
look at the most common types of sentences
fragments:
1. The dependent word fragment
2. -ing and to fragments
3. Added-detail fragments
4. Missing-subject fragments.
8. I. Dependent Word Fragments
Some fragments contain a subject and a verb,
but they do not express a complete thought e.g
- Since Ami was tired.
- When the postman arrived.
- After I had switched off the light.
All three e.g.s begin with dependent words
since, when, after. All three word-groups
depend upon another statement to complete
the thought. See if you can add words to each
9. I. Dependent Word Fragments
Some fragments contain a subject and a verb,
but they do not express a complete thought.
e.g
- Since Ami was tired.
- When the postman arrived.
- After I had switched off the light.
10. - Since Ami was tired, she took a nap.
- When the postman arrived, we handed him
the letters.
- There was loud knocking on the front door
after I had switched off the light.
When you begin a statement with a dependent
word, take care that you follow through and
complete the thought in the same sentence.
Otherwise, a sentence fragment will result. Here
is a list of common dependent words. You have
already seen this list in the last lesson.
11. - Since Ami was tired, she took a nap.
- When the postman arrived, we handed him
the letters.
- There was loud knocking on the front door
after I had switched off the light.
12. After even if unless where
although as until wherever
when if even though whether
because since whenever while
before though
13. Practice 1. Identify the part you think is not a
complete sentence.
1. After the new department store opened.
Several small shops went out of business.
2. The nurse pierced my arm four times with a
syringe. Trying to take a blood sample.
3. The old lady was trembling with excitement.
As it was her first airplane ride.
4. The police cordoned off the area. Because
there was a gas leak.
5. The small child was always active. Running,
jumping, climbing on chairs, dashing in and
out of rooms.
14. Practice 1. Identify the part you think is not a
complete sentence.
1. After the new department store opened.
Several small shops went out of business.
2. The nurse pierced my arm four times with a
syringe. Trying to take a blood sample.
3. The old lady was trembling with excitement.
As it was her first airplane ride.
4. The police cordoned off the area. Because
there was a gas leak.
5. The small child was always active. Running,
jumping, climbing on chairs, dashing in and
out of rooms.
15. Some dependent - word fragments begin with
the word who, that, whose or which. e.g.
- Sarah had to clean up the mess. That the
children left in the verandah.
- I passed the chemistry course. Which I had
expected to fail.
- Yesterday I rant into a man. Who was my best
friend in school.
This type of fragment is best corrected by
attaching it to the sentence that comes before
it.
16. - Sarah had to clean up the mess. That the
children left in the verandah.
- I passed the chemistry course. Which I had
expected to fail.
- Yesterday I rant into a man. Who was my best
friend in school.
17. - Sarah had to clean up the mess that the
children left in the verandah.
- I passed the chemistry course which I had
expected to fail.
- Yesterday I rant into a man who was my best
friend in school.
18. Practice 2: This practice will give you a sense
of the difference between a dependent-word
fragment and a complete sentence. Turn each
fragment into a sentence by adding a statement
that completes the thought.
19. 1. When I rang the doorbell, the lights of the
house went out.
2. Since I had forgotten my house keys, I had
to break the door.
3. As I walked into the classroom, the fire
alarm rang.
4. Unless her temperature goes down soon,
we will have to consult a specialist.
5. Schools were closed yesterday because of
the political rally.
20. 1. When I rang the doorbell,
______________.
2. Since I had forgotten my house keys,
______________.
3. As I walked into the classroom,
__________________.
4. Unless her temperature goes down soon,
____________.
5. Schools were closed yesterday,
__________.
21. II. -Ing and To Fragments
(a) When a word ending in -ing appears at the
beginning of a group of words a fragment may
result. e.g.
- Hoping to buy things cheaply. Poor people
often go the Sunday bazaars.
Here the second statement is a complete
sentence. But the first group of words lacks both
a subject and a verb, so it is a fragment.
(b) Here is an example of a to fragment.
- The ladies jogged through the park. To lose
weight.
There are two ways to correct -ing and to
fragments.
22. (a)
- Hoping to buy things cheaply. Poor people
often go the Sunday bazaars.
(b)
- The ladies jogged through the park. To lose
weight.
23. There are two ways to correct -ing and to fragments
a)Connect the fragment to the sentence it
explains. e.g.
- Hoping to buy things cheaply, poor people
often go to the Sunday bazaar.
Remember to put a comma after an-ing or a to
word group that starts a sentence.
b)Create a complete sentence by adding a
subject and a verb to the fragment and revise the
material as necessary. e.g.
-Poor people often to the Sunday bazaar. They
hope to buy things cheaply.
- The ladies jogged through the park. They
wanted to lose weight.
24. - Hoping to buy things cheaply, poor people
often go to the Sunday bazaar.
-Poor people often to the Sunday bazaar. They
hope to buy things cheaply.
- The ladies jogged through the park. They
wanted to lose weight.
25. Practice 3:
First identify the -ing or to fragment in each of
the following items. Then rewrite the correct
version using one of the two methods just
discussed.
1- Police officers stood all over the road.
Directing traffic around the accident.
- Police officers stood all over the road. They
were directing traffic around the accident.
26. Practice 3:
First identify the -ing or to fragment in each of
the following items. Then rewrite the correct
version using one of the two methods just
discussed.
1- Police officers stood all over the road.
Directing traffic around the accident.
27. 2. Rising high into the sky. The huge yellow kite
could be seen for miles.
- Rising high into the sky, the huge yellow kite
could be seen for miles.
3. Sarah painted a landscape. To enter the
contest.
- Sarah painted a landscape. She wanted to
enter the contest.
4. To get off the diving board. The swimmer did
a somersault.
-The swimmer wanted to get off the diving
board. He did a somersault.
28. 2. Rising high into the sky. The huge yellow kite
could be seen for miles.
3. Sarah painted a landscape. To enter the
contest.
4. To get off the diving board. The swimmer did a
somersault.
29. III. Added-Detail Fragment
Another common kind of fragment begins
with one of the following words: like,
including, such as, for example, for
instance, except, without, especially, and
also. All these words introduce an additional
point or example to what has already been
stated. e.g.
- Everyone enjoyed the feast. Except the fish.
- We had to read several novels. Including
‘The Ice Age’.
30. III. Added-Detail Fragment
- Everyone enjoyed the feast. Except the fish.
- We had to read several novels. Including
‘The Ice Age’.
31. - In each of these examples, the second word
group lacks both a subject and a verb. Note
that each of these fragments begins with an
Added Detail word or phrase: except and
including. To correct an Added Detail
fragment you follow the same two methods
as used for the last type of fragment -ing and
to fragments.
A. Add the fragment to the sentence it
explains.
B. Create a new sentence by adding a subject
and verb to the fragment and revise the
material as necessary.
32. Practice 4
Identify the added - detail fragment in each of
the following items. Then write the correct
version using one of the two methods given
earlier.
1. The former playmates walked past one
another. Without saying a word.
- The former playmates walked past one
another without saying a word.
2. For a main dish, I often serve meat and
vegetables. For example, fish and spinach.
- For a main dish, I often serve meat and
vegetables. For example, I mix fish with spinach.
33. Practice 4
Identify the added - detail fragment in each of
the following items then write the correct
version using one of the two methods given
earlier.
1. The former playmates walked past one
another. Without saying a word.
2. For a main dish, I often serve meat and
vegetables. For example, fish and spinach.
34. 3. The policeman searched the room for clues.
Such as old photographs, old letters and old
receipts.
- The policeman searched the room for clues
such as old photographs, old letters and old
receipts.
4. Oranges are full of nutrients. Especially
vitamin C.
- Oranges are full of nutrients especially
vitamin C.
35. 3. The policeman searched the room for clues.
Such as old photographs, old letters and old
receipts.
4. Oranges are full of nutrients. Especially
vitamin C.
36. IV Missing - Subject Fragments
Some word groups are fragments because, while
they do have a verb, they lack a subject. e.g.
-The poor woman paid all her utility bills. But
then had little money left over for food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby. Then posed for
the photographers.
In each of the above examples the first statement
is a complete sentence and second word group is
a fragment.
37. IV Missing - Subject Fragments
-The poor woman paid all her utility bills. But
then had little money left over for food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby. Then posed for
the photographers.
38. Note that in each fragment the subject is
missing. The first fragments omits the subject
of the verb had and the second fragment omits
the subject of the verb posed.
To correct a missing-subject fragment you
again follow the same two methods that you
used for the correction of the earlier types of
fragments.
(a) Connect the missing-subject fragment to
the sentence that comes before it. Add a
joining word if needed for a smooth
connection as given in the examples that
39. - The poor woman paid all her utility bills but
had little money left for her food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby and then
posed for the photographers. OR
(b) Create new sentence by adding a subject to
the fragment. Normally you will add a
pronoun that stands for the subject of the
previous sentence.
- The poor woman paid all her utility bills.
But she had little money left for her food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby. Then she
posed for the photographers.
40. (a) - The poor woman paid all her utility bills
but had little money left for her food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby and then
posed for the photographers. OR
(b) - The poor woman paid all her utility bills.
But she had little money left for her food.
- The nurse held a smiling baby. Then she
posed for the photographers.
41. Practice 5: Identify the missing subject-fragment in
each of the following items. Then write the correct
version using one of the two methods you have
learned.
1. The sleeping dog opened one eye to look at the
postman. And then went back to sleep.
- The sleeping dog opened one eye to look at the
postman and then it went back to sleep.
2. Each morning, my secretary checks the
answering machine for messages. Then opens the
mail.
-Each morning, my secretary checks the answering
42. Practice 5: Identify the missing subject-
fragment in each of the following items. Then
write the correct version using one of the two
methods you have learned.
1. The sleeping dog opened one eye to look at
the postman. And then went back to sleep.
2. Each morning, my secretary checks the
answering machine for messages. Then opens
the mail.
43. 3. Maryam skipped her afternoon classes. And
worked on a paper due the next morning.
- Maryam skipped her afternoon. Classes and
she worked on a paper due the next
morning.
4. The movie had melodious music and popular
actors. Yet made little money at the box office.
-The movie had melodious and popular actors.
Yet it made little money at the box office.
44. 3. Maryam skipped her afternoon classes. And
worked on a paper due the next morning.
4. The movie had melodious music and popular
actors. Yet made little money at the box office.
45. Lesson Review
Answer each question by filling in the correct
word/words in the blank space.
1. To be a sentence, a group of words must contain a
subject and a verb and it must express a complete
thought.
2. Words such as because, until and while are known
as dependent words because word groups that
begin with them depend on another statement to
complete the thought.
46. Lesson Review
Answer each question by filling in the correct
word/words in the blank space.
1. To be a sentence, a group of words must contain
a subject and a ___________and it must express
_______________________.
2. Words such as because, until and while are
known as_____words because word groups that
begin with them depend on another statement to
complete the thought.
47. 3. Fragments that begin with words such as like,
especially, and for example are known as added-
detail fragments.
4. One way to correct an added-detail fragment is to
create a new sentence by adding a subject and verb
to the fragment.
5. One way to correct a missing-subject fragment is to
add a subject to the fragment.
48. 3. Fragments that begin with words such as like,
especially, and for example are known as
_________fragments.
4. One way to correct an added-detail fragment is to
create a new _______ by adding a subject and
_________to the fragment.
5. One way to correct a missing-subject fragment is to
add a _______ to the fragment.
49. Test Sentence Fragments
Rewrite the following. Correct any fragments.
1. We go to Murree Hills during the summer
vacations. Whenever we can, of course.
- We go to Murree Hills during the summer
vacations whenever we can, of course.
2. Our literary circle has only two officers. Miss
Niazi being president and Mr. Awan being
secretary treasure.
- Our literary circle has only two officers, Miss
Niazi being president and Mr. Awan being
secretary treasure.
50. Test Sentence Fragments
Rewrite the following. Correct any fragments.
1. We go to Murree Hills during the summer
vacations. Whenever we can, of course.
2. Our literary circle has only two officers. Miss
Niazi being president and Mr. Awan being
secretary treasure.
51. 3. Living in the city is not always pleasant. During
the summer months particularly.
- Living in the city is not always pleasant,
particularly during the summer months
4. He hated learning foreign languages. Latin,
French and German especially.
- He hated learning foreign languages, especially
Latin, French and German.
52. 3. Living in the city is not always pleasant. During
the summer months particularly.
4. He hated learning foreign languages. Latin,
French and German especially.
53. 5. Moving up the mountain at a fast pace. The
soldiers were soon exhausted. They were not used
to climbing at high altitudes. Where the air was
thinner.
- Moving up the mountain at a fast pace, the soldiers
were soon exhausted. They were not used to
climbing at high altitudes where the air was
thinner.
54. 5. Moving up the mountain at a fast pace. The
soldiers were soon exhausted. They were not used
to climbing at high altitudes. Where the air was
thinner.
55. 6. When people are scared. The hair on their bodies
really can “stand on end”. Each hair is attached to a
tiny muscle. Which can pull the hair straight up. The
muscles react together in response to a great fright.
[The word groups beginning with when & which are
dependent – word fragment, so each needs to be
added to the sentence that comes before or after it.]
-When people are scared, the hair on their bodies
really can “stand on end”. Each hair is attached to a
tiny muscle which can pull the hair straight up. The
muscles react together in response to a great fright.
56. 6. When people are scared. The hair on their bodies
really can “stand on end”. Each hair is attached to a
tiny muscle. Which can pull the hair straight up. The
muscles react together in response to a great fright.
57. The word groups beginning with when & which are
dependent – word fragment, so each needs to be
added to the sentence that comes before or after it.
When people are scared, the hair on their bodies
really can “stand on end”. Each hair is attached to a
tiny muscle which can pull the hair straight up. The
muscles react together in response to a great fright.
58. With this we come to the end of
this lesson. I hope it will help
you construct more effective
sentences in your academic as
well as professional lives.
Okay then,see you next time.
Allah Hafiz