The document discusses the key components of a motherboard, including the CPU holder, memory slots, power supply controller, chipsets (North Bridge and South Bridge), CMOS/BIOS chip, CMOS battery, IDE and SATA controllers for connecting hard drives and optical drives, AGP and PCIe slots for graphics cards, and PCI slots for other peripherals. Older motherboards use AT power supplies while newer ones use ATX, and different connection standards have been introduced over time like SATA, PCIe and AGP to provide faster transfer speeds than older standards like IDE, ATA and PCI.

1. 1
MOTHERBOARD

2. CPU HOLDER is a portion in the motherboard which holds the CPU
(Central Processing Unit) or simply as processor.

3. MEMORY (RAM) HOLDER this is the slot where you will insert the memory
module or memory card. Some motherboard comes with two to four slots.
Aside from the motherboard specification, looking at the memory slots
would help you to know which type of memory card is compatible.

4. POWER SUPPLY CONTROLER is the portion where you can connect the power
supply unit (PSU) cable connector. Motherboards come with different power
supply controller. Old motherboard needs AT power supply unit while new
motherboard needs ATX power supply

5. North Bridge Chipset- this
chipset handles the data-
transfer duties of memory,
CPU, and AGP and to make
the most efficient use of
available resources.

6. South Bridge Chipset- this
chipset component provides
support for a wide variety of
devices with many differing
bus speeds and designs.
Control over secondary
buses such as USB, IDE,
PS/2, Ethernet is the
Southbridge's main role.

7. CMOS or BIOS Chip:
(Complementary Metal
Oxide Semi-conductor) is
also a chipset which
contains the BIOS (Basic
Input Output System).
The BIOS is the built-in
software that tells what a
computer can do without
accessing programs from
a disk.

8. CMOS BATTERY is a
battery that
maintains the time,
date, hard disk and
other configuration
settings in the CMOS
memory. CMOS
batteries are small
and are attached
directly to the
motherboard.

9. EIDE (Enhanced Integrated
Drive Electronics)
CONTROLLER FOR HARDISK
AND OPTICAL DRIVE are the
connectors to which you will
insert an IDE cable (supplied
with motherboard). IDE cables
connect devices such as hard
drive, CD Drives and DVD
Drives.

10. IDE CONTROLLER FOR FLOPPY DRIVE: smaller than the
IDE controller of hard drive and optical drive. This is
where you connect the floppy drive thru IDE cable.

11. SATA CONTROLLER -Newest
computer mother boards have the
new interface called Serial
Advance Technology Attachment
(S-ATA). SATA has a faster transfer
rate than ATA and only 1 device
can be attached to it.

12. AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) was designed specifically for AGP video cards. AGP
provided a faster bus speed (66 MHz 1x - 133Mhz 2x - 266Mhz 4x effectively). AGP
is a port not a bus unlike the ISA and PCI local buses because it is not expandable,
it only involves the two devices the graphics card and the CPU.

13. PCI-EXPRESS: Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. Officially abbreviated as PCI-E
or PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard introduced by Intel in 2004, and currently
is the most recent and high-performance standard for expansion cards that is generally
available on modern personal computers. PCIe was designed to replace PCI, PCI-X, and
AGP. Unlike previous PC expansion standards, rather than being a shared parallel bus, it is
structured around point-to-point serial links called lanes.

14. PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect. Some pc’s have a number of PCI slots
from 1 up to about 6. These PCI bus runs at 33Mhz and normally 32bits. The PCI
bus was the first one to fully support plug and play, where IRQ's and other
resources are set up by the OS and there are no need to alter jumpers etc on the
hardware. You may insert different peripherals on PCI bus, from sound cards to
DVD decoders and graphics accelerators.