Parts of motherboard

1. Parts of Motherboard
At the end of the learning activity, the students should be
able to:
A. Familiarize themselves with the parts of the motherboard;
B. Identify the functions of the parts of the motherboard; and
C. Cite some importance of knowing the parts and functions
of motherboard.

2. MOTHERBOARD
•MOTHERBOARD is also
called the "System
Board". It is the main
printed circuit board in
an electronic device,
which contains sockets
or slots that accept
additional boards.

3. PARTS OF THE MOTHERBOARD
• CPU HOLDER/SOCKET
• MEMORY (RAM) HOLDER
• POWER SUPPLY CONTROLLER
• NORTHBRIDGE CHIPSET
• SOUTHBRIDGE CHIPSET
• CMOS or BIOS Chip
• CMOS BATTERY
• EIDE CONTROLLER FOR HARD DISK
AND OPTICAL DRIVE
• IDE CONTROLLER FOR FLOPPY DRIVE
• SATA CONTROLLER
• AGP (ACCELERATED GRAPHIC PORT)
• PCI-EXPRESS
• PCI
• FRONT PANEL PINS

4. CPU HOLDER/SOCKET
• is a portion in the
motherboard which holds
the CPU (Central
Processing Unit) or simply
as a processor.

5. MEMORY (RAM) HOLDER
• this is the slot where you will
insert the memory module or
memory card. Some
motherboard comes with two to
four slots.
• Apart from the specification for
the motherboard, looking at the
memory slots will help you know
the form of memory card is
compatible.

6. POWER SUPPLY CONTROLLER
• is the portion where you can
connect the power supply unit
(PSU) cable connector.
• Motherboards come with
different power supply
controller. The Old
motherboard needs AT power
supply unit while new
motherboard needs ATX power
supply.

7. NORTHBRIDGE CHIPSET
• this chipset handles the
data-transfer duties of
memory, CPU, and AGP and
to make the most efficient
use of available resources.

8. SOUTHBRIDGE CHIPSET
• this chipset component
provides support for a wide
variety of devices with many
differing bus speeds and
designs. Operation of
secondary buses like USB,
IDE, PS/2, Ethernet is the
key feature of the
Southbridge.

9. CMOS or BIOS Chip: (Complementary
Metal Oxide Semi-conductor)
• is also a chipset which
contains the BIOS (Basic
Input Output System).
The BIOS is the made-in
software which tells
what a computer could
be without having to
access programs from a
disk.

10. EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics)
CONTROLLER FOR HARD DISK AND OPTICAL DRIVE
• Are the outlets to which
an IDE cable is connected
(supplemented with the
motherboard). IDE cables
connect devices such as
hard drives, CD Drives,
and DVD Drives.

11. IDE CONTROLLER FOR FLOPPY DRIVE:
•smaller than the IDE controller of hard drive and
optical drive. Here is where you link the cable to the
floppy drive via IDE.

12. SATA CONTROLLER
•Newest computer
motherboards have a new
interface called Serial
Advanced Technology
Attachment (S-ATA). SATA has
a higher speed of transfer
than ATA, and it can be
connected to only 1 system.

13. AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port)
•Was designed specifically for the AGP video cards. AGP
supported higher bus frequencies (effectively 66 MHz 1x-
133Mhz 2x-266Mhz 4x).
•AGP is a port not a bus unlike the local ISA and PCI buses
since it can not be extended, it only includes the two
machines that are the graphics card and the CPU.

14. PCI-EXPRESS: Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express.
• Definitively abbreviated as PCI-E or PCIe, Intel launched a computer
expansion card standard in 2004, which is currently the newest, high-
performance expansion card standard commonly available on modern
desktop computers. PCIe has been designed to replace PCI, PCI-X and
AGP. With previous PC expansion requirements, it's built around
point-to - point serial connections called lanes instead of being a
single parallel bus.

15. PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
• Some PC’s have several PCI slots from 1 up to about 6. Such PCI bus
operates at 33Mhz and usually 32bits. The PCI bus was the first one
to fully support plug and play, where IRQ's and other resources are
set up by the OS and there is no need to alter jumpers etc. on the
hardware. You may insert different peripherals on the PCI bus, from
sound cards to DVD decoders and graphics accelerators.

16. FRONT PANEL PINS
•These are pins in the
motherboard that will connect
the Power Button, Reset
Button, Power LED, Mini
Speaker, USB ports and other
ports to the motherboard.

17. Motherboard Back Panel Ports