This document provides a lesson on searching PubMed for scientific research. It explains that while Google and Google Scholar can find some PubMed citations, they do not comprehensively search the full biomedical literature like PubMed does. The document then demonstrates how to perform various types of searches on PubMed, including keyword searches, searching with limits, author searches, and citation searches. It also shows how to combine search terms and use field tags to focus searches more precisely. The goal is to teach researchers how to effectively search the biomedical literature using PubMed's advanced search features.

1. Scientific Research SkillsScientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2

2. LessonsScientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani1- Essentials 2- Searching3- Using MeSH4- Working with Results5- Referencing

3. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- Searching

4. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingSearching PubMed is it Similar to Searching the Internet?Example: A Google phrase search for: recent harvard faculty publications , click HEREClick HERE to see the same search pasted into PubMedClick HERE to see a well designed PubMed search on the same topic

5. Yes - Google and Google Scholar both search someof the contents of PubMed, so we will find PubMed citations in our Google resultsScientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingDoes Google Search PubMed?

6. BE aware that Google Scholar is up to several months behind PubMed and does not search PubMed in its entiretyScientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- Searching

7. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingDo you want to see what is the difference ? A Google Scholar Searchlimited to PubMed citations from 2008Retrieves only about 119,000 resultsA PubMed Search for 2008 articlesRetrieves over 800,000 results

8. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingBottom LineGoogle and Google Scholar can be a quick and easy way to get started on a search. However, they do not comprehensively search the peer-reviewed biomedical literature. PubMed does

9. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingHow a Keyword Search Works in PubMed ?When you enter a keyword into the query box, PubMed will search for that word and its synonyms, in all the fields (author, journal title, title word, MeSH heading, abstract, publication date etc.) used to describe an article.PubMed does NOT search the full text of the article

10. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingTry a Keyword Search in PubMed:Click in the query box. Type oral cancer and click Enter orGo.The first 20 references matching your search will appear. Near the top look for "Items 1 to 20 of X." X indicates the total number of search results

11. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingTo view automatic term mapping in action Click on the Details button. You will see how PubMed has automatically translated your search to include the synonym for oral cancer. And, it is automatically searching the term as a MeSH term(To include all variations of the word. Ex: mouth , neoplasms, etc.). It makes your job easier!

12. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCombining Search TermsQuotes“ “ are rarely necessary in PubMed: Click Clear to remove the previous search. Then type “oral cancer" in the search box, this time surrounded by quotation marks. Click Go and then click Details to see what happens. Using quotes turns offthe automatic term mapping. You are now only searching for the phrase oral cancer, and not the MeSH term mouth neoplasm or synonyms. In PubMed, use quotes only if you are having trouble finding an exact phrase

13. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingTo add terms to your search you can use AND, OR or NOT, which should be capitalized to ensure best results

14. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingExamples

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16. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingPubMed automatically puts an AND between two concepts. So, oral cancer retrieves the same number of results as oral AND cancerNote

17. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingUse Parentheses( ) For Longer SearchesPubMed processes ANDs, ORs & NOTs in a left-to-right sequence

18. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingUse Parentheses ( ) For Longer SearchesClick Clear to clear the query box.

19. You want to research treatment of oral cancer .

20. Type in:oral cancer AND chemotherapy OR radiotherapy .

21. Click GOThese results are NOT on-target because PubMed retrieved all occurrences of “radiotherapy" in the database. The hits containing radiotherapy will not necessarily contain oral cancer.

22. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingUse Parentheses ( ) For Longer SearchesUsing parentheses would change the order in which PubMed processes the search statement Exampleoral cancer AND (chemotherapy OR radiotherapy)

23. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingLimitsThe Limits Tab allows you to set parameters for your search, which may result in a more relevant retrievalHelpful limits include author, journal, date, publication type (review article, randomized controlled trial etc.), language, human or animal study, age, and gender.

24. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingLimits Click Clear to clear your previous search.

25. Then, once again type oral AND cancer (or oral cancer ) in the query box and click GO.

26. Adding another concept makes the number of results smaller, but there are still too many articles.

27. Click Limits to narrow the search.

28. Select the Following Limits: Dates-Published in the Last 5 years;Languages- English; Type of Article- Review; Ages- Middle Aged, 45-64 years. Then, click Go.Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingLimits Narrow Your SearchYou should have retrieved approximately 239 articles - much smaller and more manageable than the 84986 retrieved without using Limits

29. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingAuthor SearchFinding an author's publications is one of the most common reasons for using PubMedThere are 3 ways to do this in PubMed

30. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingAuthor Search1.Limit by Author Name: Click theLimitsTaband then Search by Author. It will suggest names for you as you type. You can also click Add Another Author

31. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingAuthor Search2.Or,Type Directly in the Search Box: Enter the last name, a space, then first and middle initial (if known), with no punctuationExamplehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&orig_db=PubMed&term=smith%20bj

32. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingAuthor Search3.Full Author Names may be searched for citations published in 2002 or later, if the full author name is mentioned in the article. Ex. brian j smithExamplehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&orig_db=PubMed&term=Brian%20J%20Smith

33. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation SearchThere are several ways to find specific citations or groups of citations in PubMed:1. PubMed'sCitation Sensorwill automatically detect most citations typed into the search box. Type in part of the citation, or as much as you know (Example: katayama cell 2006)

34. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtaniCitation sensor found 1 article

35. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation Search2. The Single Citation Matcherallows you to search specific fields (like Author or Title) and returns citations that match those criteria. Single Citation Matcher is available from the blue sidebar on the PubMed homepage.

36. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani

37. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingScenarioYour supervisor asks you to read the articles written by Dr. Zhuangthat were published in the journal Journal of oral pathology & medicineWhat will you DO

38. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani1234

39. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani

40. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation Search3. Field Searchingallows you to specify exactly what to search usingA- By TagsB- Using advanced search

41. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation SearchA- By Tags

42. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation SearchA- By Tags

43. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation SearchA- By Tags

44. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingCitation SearchA- By Tags

45. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingScenarioAgain , Your supervisor asks you to read the articles written by Dr. Blood that were also published in the journal Blood .What will you DO this time ?

46. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- Searching1- Click Clear to clear your previous search and Uncheck the Limits box to remove any left over Limits2- In the query box, type blood AND blood, then click GOOops ! 3 million search results!

47. Scientific Research Skills - D.ALQahtani2- SearchingSO , Force PubMed to search in a specific fieldType the following in the query box: blood[au] AND blood[jour](AND must be capitalized here)Enter field tags in square brackets [] immediately following the terms. Click Gosuper, only 7 articles