This document provides a tutorial on using the biomedical literature database PubMed. It begins with an overview of PubMed, explaining that it contains over 27 million citations and is maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. The tutorial then covers various topics for searching PubMed effectively such as using controlled vocabularies, Boolean operators, field tags, and filters. It also discusses accessing full text articles and getting help via library contacts or additional PubMed resources. The overall aim is to teach researchers how to search PubMed and retrieve relevant citations for their topics of interest.
Evidence Based Medicine Master degree Course (Lecture 5) : How to search MEDL...Iman El Sayed
This lecture illustrates how to search PubMed using keywords, advanced search, clinical queries and MeSH terms. Also, different options are displayed to save, email, export to a citation manager and share hits.
Researchers could save search strategies either to a temporary storage (e.g. clipboard) or to a permanent storage (e.g. Collections and bibliography).
Advanced literature search strategies for scientific and medical writing- improving your effectivity in finding the information you need in PubMed. https://bit.ly/2IzYdxB
Session on RSS for paediatric nursing students at JMU. Done in conjunction with Katie Barnes, Michelle Maden and Lisa Anderson. Session prepared by Graham Breckon based on a presentation from NLH.
This worksheet is used to help students search PubMed with advanced search strategies. Students must complete the worksheet as part of a larger research project. The worksheet is graded by the librarian.
Evidence Based Medicine Master degree Course (Lecture 5) : How to search MEDL...Iman El Sayed
This lecture illustrates how to search PubMed using keywords, advanced search, clinical queries and MeSH terms. Also, different options are displayed to save, email, export to a citation manager and share hits.
Researchers could save search strategies either to a temporary storage (e.g. clipboard) or to a permanent storage (e.g. Collections and bibliography).
Advanced literature search strategies for scientific and medical writing- improving your effectivity in finding the information you need in PubMed. https://bit.ly/2IzYdxB
Session on RSS for paediatric nursing students at JMU. Done in conjunction with Katie Barnes, Michelle Maden and Lisa Anderson. Session prepared by Graham Breckon based on a presentation from NLH.
This worksheet is used to help students search PubMed with advanced search strategies. Students must complete the worksheet as part of a larger research project. The worksheet is graded by the librarian.
The literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its goals are to situate the current study within the body of literature and to provide context for the particular reader. Literature reviews are important for research in nearly every academic field.
HealthMed Complete database searching, female fetus 2017Lucia Ravi
A basic introduction to constructing a simple search within the Health and Medical Complete Database. Sample search on "Female fetus" as a topic created for the IMED1108, Sem2, 2017.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
3. When to use PubMed
Before Searching
Accessing Full Text
PubMed
Overview
PUBMED OVERVIEW
4. PubMed comprises more than 27 million citations for
biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals,
and online books.
This tutorial applies to this public-facing version, not the
version of Medline supported by Ovid.
The public database is maintained by the U.S. National
Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Center for
Biotechnology Information
It offers a broad overview of existing literature on a
particular topic, but it should not be seen as a complete
overview.
PUBMED OVERVIEW| USING PUBMED
5. PUBMED OVERVIEW| BEFORE SEARCHING
Save your search in a document, citation
management software, and/or the database.
By saving your search, your strategy will be
reproducible for another time and properly
documented.
Explore options and instructions for citation
management on the Citation Management
LibGuide.
NEOMED LIBGUIDE LINK
6. CITATIONMANAGEMENT
SOFTWAREOPTIONS ZOTERO
Zotero is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you
collect, organize, cite, and share research.
REFWORKS
RefWorks is a web-based commercial
reference management software package.
END NOTE
EndNote is the industry standard software tool for
publishing and managing bibliographies, citations and
references on the Windows and Macintosh desktop.
MENDELEY
Mendeley is a free reference manager and academic social
network that can help you organize your research, collaborate
with others online, and discover the latest research.
PUBMED OVERVIEW| BEFORE SEARCHING
7. To save searches in PubMed, create a NCBI account
by clicking on the sign-in to NCBI link in the upper-
right corner of the screen
Sign up for a My NCBI account or login to an existing
account.
PUBMED OVERVIEW| SAVING PUBMED SEARCHES & VIDEO
Once you complete a search, click on “Create an alert”
underneath the search box. From here you can create a search
alert or save your search strategy.
8. PUBMED OVERVIEW| ACCESSING FULL-TEXT
In PubMed, the “Northeast Ohio Medical University”
icon will often appear within an item record.
To access the full text click the FIND IT icon to go to an
external page listing available full-text options.
If the full text is not available, you will see a heading
that says, “ILLiad – request this item through
interlibrary loan.” When prompted, enter your ILLiad
login and password and then submit the request via
the pre-filled in template.
The article will be emailed to you free of charge (only
available for NEOMED students, faculty, and staff).
10. KEYWORD SEARCHING| AUTOMATIC TERM MAPPING
Using quotes around a phrase or truncation turns off
Automatic Term Mapping. The terms are instead searched as
keywords.
PubMed uses Automatic Term Mapping (ATM) when you
search with keywords. This means that the search terms you
type into the search box are automatically mapped to
controlled vocabulary (MeSH) terms.
Automatic Term Mapping
To see ATM in action, scroll to the “search details” box on the
left-hand side of the results page. Warning: ATM is not always
correct. For example, if you search for “cold AND zinc,”
PubMed will include the controlled vocabulary for “cold
temperatures” in the search.
11. KEYWORD SEARCHING| FINDING & USING KEYWORDS
Keyword terms can be single words or phrases.
Finding & Using Keywords
Consult controlled vocabularies in other subject databases
for additional help. For example, the Embase has a
controlled vocabulary called Emtree. Emtree records contain
synonym lists similar to the “entry terms” in a MeSH record.
The Emtree synonym list often contains European
spelling/variations.
Use quotes around all phrases to ensure that the phrase is
searched instead of each word individually. (e.g. “public
health”)
For more possible search terms, visit MeSH (Medical Subject
Headings) database and look at the “entry terms” listed for
each MeSH record. MeSH is NLM’s controlled vocabulary of
biomedical terms used to describe the subject of each
journal article in MEDLINE. The entry terms are synonyms,
alternate forms, and other closely related terms generally
used interchangeably with the preferred term.
12. KEYWORD SEARCHING| MESH TERMS
Searching for a term
with MeSH selected will
return a MeSH term.
The controlled
vocabulary term will
display with a
definition below.
13. The entry terms are
synonyms, alternate
forms, and other
closely related terms
generally used
interchangeably with
the preferred term.
KEYWORD SEARCHING| MESH TERMS
15. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| LOCATE CONTROLLED VOCABULARY
Using MeSH terms
helps account for
variations in language,
acronyms, and British
vs. American English.
MeSH (Medical Subject
Headings) is NLM’s
controlled vocabulary
of biomedical terms
used to describe the
subject of each journal
article in MEDLINE.
These are a standardized
set of terms that are used
to bring consistency to
the searching process. In
total, there are
approximately 26,000
terms and they are
updated annually to
reflect changes in
medicine and medical
terminology.
16. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| LOCATE CONTROLLED VOCABULARY
To turn off this automatic
explode feature, click on
the button next to, “Do
not include MeSH terms
found below this term in
the MeSH hierarchy” in
the MeSH record or type
[mh:noexp] next to the
search term e.g.
neoplasms [mh:noexp].
See the next section for
additional information on
no explode.
MeSH can be searched
from a NCBI interface:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/mesh
Terms are arranged
hierarchically by subject
categories with more
specific terms arranged
beneath broader terms.
MeSH terms in PubMed
automatically include
the more specific MeSH
terms in a search.
18. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| SEARCH DETAILS BOX
Once MeSH terms have been
searched, terms will appear in
a box labelled “Search details,”
located beside the list of the
results on the right side of the
screen.
This box will display how each
term has been searched and
can be useful for editing your
search. Corrections can be
made directly within this box,
and once corrections have
been made, the search button
beneath the box will re-run
your search.
19. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| EXPLODE, NOT EXPLODE, MAJOR HEADINGS
EXPLODE
“Explode” will search with all MeSH
terms below the chosen MeSH term
in the MeSH hierarchy. A visual of
the hierarchy is located at the
bottom of each entry term page.
PubMed will default to explode any
MeSH terms you search.
MAJOR HEADINGS
Searching for “major headings” will
narrow your search to only find
MeSH terms listed as a major topic
of an article. Command to search:
[majr] (e.g. “diarrhea”[majr] will
find articles with diarrhea as a
major topic. Major topic MeSH
terms will have an asterisks (e.g.
Diarrhea*), while non-major topics
will not have one.
NOT EXPLODE
Choosing to focus (also referred to
as “not exploding”) will only search
for your chosen MeSh term. Terms
are chosen by MeSH indexers to be
the primary focus of an individual
article. Command to search:
[Mesh:noexp] will only find the term
specified, not the terms beneath it
(for example: “diarrhea”
[Mesh:noexp] only finds records
indexed with diarrhea, not
diarrhea, infantile.)
20. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| SUBHEADINGS
MeSH/SubheadingCombinations
You can manually add
subheadings in the search
box by using the format
MeSH Term/Subheading.
E.g. neoplasms/diet therapy.
You can also use the two-
letter abbreviation for sub-
headings rather than typing
out the full phrase,
e.g. neoplasms/dh.
Click here for the
abbreviations of other MeSH
subheadings.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bo
oks/NBK3827/table/pubmedhelp.
T.mesh_subheadings/)
MakingMeSHtermsmorespecific
MeSH can be made more
specific by the addition of
subheadings such as
“therapy” and “prevention
and control”
When in the MeSH record,
add subheadings by clicking
on the boxes next to the
desired subheadings.
Then click “Add to Search
Builder.”
Warning: Adding too many
subheadings may lead to
missing important articles.
21. MeSH/SubheadingCombinations
Only one Subheading at a time may be
directly attached to a MeSH term.
For example, a search of hypertension
with the subheadings diagnosis or
drug therapy will appear as
hypertension/diagnosis or
hypertension/drug therapy.
As with MeSH terms, PubMed search
results include the more specific terms
arranged beneath broader terms for
the MeSH term and includes the more
specific terms arranged beneath
broader Subheadings.
CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| SUBHEADINGS
22. CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES| ADVANCED SEARCH BUILDER
Past searches will appear here
and stay for 12 hours.
Follow the link to see a video
tutorial on how to use the
advanced search builder.
Select MeSH Terms for a more
effective search.
25. COMBINING SEARCHES
A comprehensive and systematic search of PubMed
includes both controlled vocabulary and keyword
terms (i.e. free text, natural language, and synonyms).
Boolean operators are used to combine search
terms. In PubMed, you can use the operators AND, OR,
and NOT.
Go to the “Advanced Search” page to combine
searches. This is where your search history is located
during your search session.
Boolean operators MUST be used as upper case (AND,
OR, NOT).
26. COMBINING SEARCHES| BOOLEAN OPERATORS
OR NOTAND
Using NOT will exclude
terms from your
search resulting in a
narrower search.
Example: disease NOT
heart returns 126,722
results.
Using AND will narrow
your search results
It tells PubMed that you
want ALL the terms
included in the results.
Example: disease AND
heart returns 4,065
results.
Using OR will connect two
or more similar concepts,
synonyms, or entry terms
(MeSH synonyms).
OR will also broaden your
search results by allowing
any of the search terms
to appear in the resulting
articles.
Example: disease OR
heart returns 662,270
results.
27. COMBINING SEARCHES| BOOLEAN OPERATORS
AND
Using AND, this search
would only retrieve results
with disease and heart.
NOT
Using NOT, this search
would retrieve results with
disease, and exclude those
with heart or disease with
heart.
OR
Using OR, this search would
retrieve results with disease,
with heart, and with both.
28. AND • 4,065 results
OR
• 662,270
results
NOT
• 126,722
results
heart,
disease
Terms
Operators
COMBINING SEARCHES| BOOLEAN OPERATORS
30. ADDITIONAL SEARCH OPTIONS| FIELD TAGS
Words and numbers
included in the title,
collection title, abstract, and
other abstract of a citation.
English language abstracts
are taken directly from the
published article. If an article
does not have a published
abstract, NLM does not
create one.
[Title/Abstract] or [TIAB]
Includes all words and
numbers in the title, abstract,
other abstract, MeSH terms,
MeSH Subheadings,
Publication Types, Substance
Names, Personal Name as
Subject, Corporate Author,
Secondary Source,
Comment/Correction Notes,
and Other Terms.
[Text Words] or [TW]
Untagged terms and terms
tagged with [all fields] are
processed used Automatic
Term Mapping. Terms
enclosed in double quotes or
truncated will be searched in
all fields and not processed
using automatic term
mapping.
[All Fields] or [ALL]
Field Tags
You can use field tags to specify where the database looks for the search term. In PubMed, first
type the search term and then the field tag in brackets. e.g. Cardiology [TIAB] looks for cardiology
in the title and abstract.
NCBI explanation of Field Descriptors and Tags
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3827/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK3827.pdf
31. ADDITIONAL SEARCH OPTIONS| APPLYING FILTERS
ApplyingFilters
On the left side of the results are options to filter your
search by Article types, Publication dates, Language,
Age, Gender, etc. To access the complete list of filters,
click on the “Show additional filters” link.
Use the PubMed built-in limits cautiously. Limits other
than date or language will limit your search to indexed
records only. In most cases it is best to develop
another concept to use as a limiter.
For example, if you would like to limit your results to
“human studies,” use the following search to exclude
animal students instead of using the “humans” limit
from the search results page. Simply add this to the rest
of your search strategy using the NOT Boolean operator
(animals[MeSH Terms] NOT humans[MeSH Terms])
33. ADDITIONAL SEARCH OPTIONS| TRUNCATION
TRUNCATION
In PubMed you can use a * at the root of a word to find
multiple endings.
For example:
Arthroplast* will return arthroplasty, arthroplasties,
arthroplastic, arthroplastics, etc.
Mobili* will return mobility, mobilization, mobilisation,
mobilize, etc.
Note: In PubMed you cannot combine phrase
searching with truncation. Either use quotes, e.g. “early
childhood mobility,” or use truncation, “e.g. early
childhood mobili*
35. CONTACT US| LIBRARY CONTACTS
Reference Librarian
Office L215
srobins@neomed.edu
330.325.6378
Located on the second floor of Building “A” in the
Aneal Mohan Kohli Academic and Information
Technology Center.
library@neomed.edu
330.325.6600
NEOMED Library
Simon Robins
36. CONTACT US| LIBGUIDES
RESEARCH SERVICES OVERVIEW
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/re
search-support-and-
collaboration/service-overview
DATABASES A-Z
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/
az.php
RESEARCH & COURSE GUIDES
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/
NEOMED-medical-library-
guides/explore-all-guides
EBM & COURSE GUIDES
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/ebm
ONE SEARCH
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home
Search for articles, books, & more in one
convenient place.
TEXTBOOKS
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/c.php?
g=831456&p=6490293
LITERATURE SEARCH SERVICES
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/li
terature-search-services/overview
PUBMED SEARCH TIPS
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/library
-tutorials
38. Template features: By Showeet.com
CONTACT US| CREDITS
Using PubMed: A Tutorial by Laura Levy is licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. Based on a work at
https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/plagiarism
Fonts used in this presentation: Poppins, by Indian Type
Foundry & Cabin, by Pablo Impallari.
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