This document discusses Philippine politics and governance. It defines key political science concepts like politics, the state, legitimacy, governance and ideology. It also outlines the different branches of government - executive, legislative and judicial. The three basic attitudes toward politics are described as active participation, rejection and indifference. The document provides an overview of political science topics for understanding Philippine politics.

2. Does an ELECTION
important in our
Government? Why?

3. Do you believe
RALLYING is
essential? WHY?

4. PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
Mr. Kenny L. Auxilio
FAYHS - SHS Faculty

5. What is POLITICS?
• Politics is commonly define as the process that determines the
distribution of power and resources.
• Politics is often associated with the concept of power and exercise of
legitimate authority in state.
• Politics, as defined within political science, refers to human behavior
with regard to matters related to government activities such as the
formulation and execution of policies, creation of laws, selection pf
government officials; negotiation with foreign governments and other
entities or organizations; protection of territorial boundaries;
preservation of cultural heritage and tradition; and upholding the
public interest and welfare.

6. What is POLITICAL SCIENCE?
• Political Science is a branch of Social Sciences that deals with
the study of politics.
• It deals with the system of government and the analysis of
political activity, political behavior, and political theories and
practices.
• Political Science studies the allocation and transfer of power
in decision making; the roles and system of governance
including governments and international organizations;
political behavior and public policies.

7. Field of study and Branches of Political Science
•POLITICAL THEORY is concerned with the
study of ideas
•COMPARATIVE POLITICS compares and
analyzes the various types of constitutions,
political actor, legislature, and associated
fields among countries.

8. •PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION is the study of
implementation of government policy and public
service.
•INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS deals with the political-
economic interaction between nation-states as well
as intergovernmental and transnational
organization.
•POLITICAL METHODOLOGY is the branch of political
science that uses quantitative methods to describe
and define political phenomena.

9. Key concepts in POLITICAL SCIENCE
Four concepts in studying POLITICAL SCIENCE
•STATE
•LEGITIMACY
•GOVERNANCE
•IDEOLOGY

10. is defined as an organized
political community living under a government.
•POPULATION
•TERRITORY
•GOVERNMENT
•SOVEREIGNTY
STATE

11. LEGITIMACY
Is the right of the government to exercise power and authority, and
also refers to the recognition given to a state by foreign governments
and international organization.
GOVERNANCE
Refers to all action and activities related governing. It is defined by
the interaction and decision making among policy-makers, public
officials, and citizens involved in addressing problems.
IDEOLOGY
Is a set of ideas and beliefs that define the views and actions of
individuals, groups, and institutions.

12. Basic Types and Forms of Government
Type of Government Description
MONARCHY • It is ruled by a single person. Ex. Monarch, king, sultan, and
prince.
• A monarch rules with the help of a bureaucracy composed of
ministers, court officials, and local governors.
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY • A monarchy whose rule is defined and limited by a
constitution.
OLIGARCHY or ARISTOCRACY • It was ruled by a small group of people.
• Only those belong to the political and social elite had right to
govern
DIRECT DEMOCRACY • Based on Ancient Athenian form of government, refers to the
rule of people, who directly participate in all government
activities.
REPRESENTATIVE or
REPUBLICAN DEMOCRACY
• Citizens elect representatives who will defend their interest in
the government.

13. Type of Government Description
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM • Recognizes the President as the highest official and head of the
executive branch.
• The executive branch also exist separately from legislature branch of
government.
• Have legislatures which are organized based on a congressional
system.
CONGRESSIONAL SYSTEM • The legislature may either unicameral (composed of one house) and
bicameral (composed of two houses)
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM • It is characterized by a close relationship between executive and
legislative branch. It was headed by Prime minister and his or her
cabinet who are chosen among the ranks of legislator in the
parliament.
PRESIDENTIAL-PARLIAMENTARY
SYSTEM
• In this system, the president is elected by the citizens. He or she then
appoints his prime minister and cabinet member from the
legislature.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT • It is composed of individual states with their own democratic
governments that come together as federation.

14. Branches of GOVERNMENT
•Executive branch
•Legislative branch
•Judicial branch or Judiciary

15. EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• It is the institution that governs the
state by implementing laws and
creating policies and programs to
respond to the needs of the state. This
branch is headed by the chief
executives such as the President and
prime minister, and cabinet member.
• Other members: Vice President, Deputy Prime
Minister and cabinet,
• The local Executives exercise executive functions
at the regional, provincial and city levels.

16. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
•It is the lawmaking
institution of the
government.
•It has the “power of the
purse” because they enact
laws that impose tax, and
determines how public funds
will be spent through the
government budget.

17. JUDICIAL BRANCH
• It is composed of the
courts that interpret and
apply the law of the state.
• The highest court in the
Philippines is the Supreme
Court which oversees all
lower and special courts
in the country.

18. •The three branches of Government are
considered are considered to be co-equal and
separate under the principle of separation
of powers.
•Check and Balances, allows the branches to
impose certain limits on the powers of one
another to prevent the misuse or abuse of the
authority and power.

19. •Presidential Veto where chief executive is able to disapprove
a law or a portion on it and return it to congress for review.
•The Congress can overrule the veto by means of a vote of
approval of 2/3 of the Congress. Also, they have the power to
review and approve all presidential appointments, including
cabinet official, head of agencies and justices of Supreme
Court.
•The Philippine Senate has the power to review and approve
international treaties entered into by the government.
•Judiciary has the power to review where it can declare laws,
policies, and action of government officials and institutions
as unconstitutional.

20. THREE BASIC ATTITUDE
TOWARDS POLITICS
ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
REJECTION
INDIFFERENCE

21. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
•DIRECT DEMOCRACY was used in Athens
•Aristotle – Hierarchy of state (Ruler,
Warriors, Workers)
•Plato – The Republic – election

22. Rejection
•Skeptics or Epicureans believed that affairs of
the state were not their business and not
worth their attention. For as long as the state
could protect them and their property, that
was enough.

23. Indifference
• STOICS – Stoics has 2 types. Submissive and
Rebellious.
• SUBMISSIVE STOICS – Accepted any kind of rule, even
tyrannical one, because he believes that the tyrant could
harm him only physically, not morally or spiritually.
• REBELLIOUS STOICS – would fight for what his conscience
dictated, even it meant physical harm, even death. What
was important is freedom of the soul.