This is only for educational purpose

2. Thomas Hobbs

3. Introduction
• A state is an organized community living under
one government.
• States may be sovereign.
• The denomination state is also employed to federated
states that are members of a federal union, which is
the sovereign state.
• Some states are subject to
external sovereignty or hegemony where ultimate
sovereignty lies in another state.
• The state can also be used to refer to the secular
branches of government within a state, often as a
manner of contrasting them with churches and civilian
institutions.

4. The state and government
• The concept of the state can be distinguished
from the concept of government.
• The government is the particular group of
people, the administrative bureaucracy, that
controls the state apparatus at a given time.

5. States and nation-states
• States can also be distinguished
from the concept of a "nation",
which refers to a large
geographical area, and the
people therein who perceive
themselves as having a common
identity

6. • A group of people that governs a community or unit.
It sets and administers public
policy and exercises executive, political and sovereign
power through customs, institutions, and laws within a
state.
• A government is the system by which a state or community
is governed.
• A government can be classified into many types--
democracy, republic, monarchy, aristocracy, and
dictatorship.

7. Government
executive legislature
judiciary

8. Constitution clearly defines
component branches of Government
• (a) An effective executive,
• (b) Independent legislature,
• (c) An independent judiciary.
• Each of the above-stated three
component branches of government has
its own critical roles and responsibilities
to play.

9. Basic principles of good government
• To run a country competitively and
successfully, it is essential that the
government should be elected by the people
through free elections, with each citizen being
given the unalienable and unencumbered
right to elect the best individual candidates of
their free choice without coercion or
tampering of such free and democratic
election process.

10. The government essential functions
• (1) administration,
(2) legislation – passing of laws and regulations for
fair and just administration,
(2) justice,
(3) free and unencumbered right of citizens to elect
representatives or offer themselves as candidates to
stand for election,
(4) implementing policies and decisions in
objectively defined work processes to ensure good
corporate governance where all decisions and
policies are carried out with accountability and
responsibility essential to development of citizens’
social, cultural and economic vitality and
competitiveness.