The document provides an introduction to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It discusses how ERP systems evolved from early inventory management and materials requirement planning systems used in the 1960s-1980s. ERP systems integrate core business functions such as accounting, finance, marketing, and human resources into a single system. The document outlines the components, architecture, benefits and limitations of ERP systems. It explains how ERP systems improve information sharing, standardize processes, and increase an organization's agility compared to earlier disconnected legacy systems.
Computer-Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques_supriadi
Be familiar with the classes of transaction input controls used by accounting applications.
Understand the objectives and techniques used to implement processing controls, including run-to-run, operator inventions, and audit trail controls.
Understand the methods used to establish effective output controls for both batch and real-time systems.
Introduction: Enterprise Systems for ManagementKanishka Gopal
The document provides an overview of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, including their evolution, components, benefits, and limitations. It discusses how ERP systems integrate various organizational functions and processes through a single database. The document also outlines the ERP implementation lifecycle and key factors for a successful implementation, such as change management, vendor selection, and project management.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate core business processes like finance and supply chain management into a single system. ERP implementation aims to standardize operations, reduce costs, and improve communication. However, ERP projects face challenges like high costs, resistance to change, and limitations of the software. Success requires strong executive support, careful change management, and customizing the system to meet business needs rather than relying solely on out-of-box configurations.
The document discusses transaction processing systems (TPS), describing their characteristics, processing cycles, and functions. A TPS performs and records routine business transactions like orders and payments. There are two types - batch processing accumulates transactions and processes them in batches, while online transaction processing (OLTP) immediately processes each transaction. The TPS processing cycle involves data entry, processing transactions against databases, generating documents and reports, and allowing inquiries. A TPS ensures data integrity and accuracy while supporting operational needs of a business.
The document outlines the key phases in an ERP lifecycle implementation process. It begins with pre-evaluation and screening of potential ERP packages. Next, a package is selected and a project plan is created, followed by a gap analysis. Then processes are reengineered and the system is configured. Teams are trained and testing is conducted before going live. Post-implementation, end users are trained and the system is maintained. The lifecycle highlights the stages all organizations go through when implementing an integrated ERP system.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a method for effectively planning all the resources in an organization. ERP software is designed to model and automate many basic business processes from finance to the shop floor with the goal of integrating information and eliminating complexity. ERP systems are mirror images of an organization's business processes. Some key reasons for the growth of ERP include improved business performance, supporting business growth requirements, providing flexible and integrated real-time decision support, and eliminating limitations in legacy systems.
he most important characteristics of an MIS are those that give decision-makers confidence that their actions will have the desired consequences.
Relevance. The information a manager receives from an MIS has to relate to the decisions the manager has to make. ...
Accuracy
Usefulness
Timeliness
Completeness
Computer-Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques_supriadi
Be familiar with the classes of transaction input controls used by accounting applications.
Understand the objectives and techniques used to implement processing controls, including run-to-run, operator inventions, and audit trail controls.
Understand the methods used to establish effective output controls for both batch and real-time systems.
Introduction: Enterprise Systems for ManagementKanishka Gopal
The document provides an overview of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, including their evolution, components, benefits, and limitations. It discusses how ERP systems integrate various organizational functions and processes through a single database. The document also outlines the ERP implementation lifecycle and key factors for a successful implementation, such as change management, vendor selection, and project management.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate core business processes like finance and supply chain management into a single system. ERP implementation aims to standardize operations, reduce costs, and improve communication. However, ERP projects face challenges like high costs, resistance to change, and limitations of the software. Success requires strong executive support, careful change management, and customizing the system to meet business needs rather than relying solely on out-of-box configurations.
The document discusses transaction processing systems (TPS), describing their characteristics, processing cycles, and functions. A TPS performs and records routine business transactions like orders and payments. There are two types - batch processing accumulates transactions and processes them in batches, while online transaction processing (OLTP) immediately processes each transaction. The TPS processing cycle involves data entry, processing transactions against databases, generating documents and reports, and allowing inquiries. A TPS ensures data integrity and accuracy while supporting operational needs of a business.
The document outlines the key phases in an ERP lifecycle implementation process. It begins with pre-evaluation and screening of potential ERP packages. Next, a package is selected and a project plan is created, followed by a gap analysis. Then processes are reengineered and the system is configured. Teams are trained and testing is conducted before going live. Post-implementation, end users are trained and the system is maintained. The lifecycle highlights the stages all organizations go through when implementing an integrated ERP system.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a method for effectively planning all the resources in an organization. ERP software is designed to model and automate many basic business processes from finance to the shop floor with the goal of integrating information and eliminating complexity. ERP systems are mirror images of an organization's business processes. Some key reasons for the growth of ERP include improved business performance, supporting business growth requirements, providing flexible and integrated real-time decision support, and eliminating limitations in legacy systems.
he most important characteristics of an MIS are those that give decision-makers confidence that their actions will have the desired consequences.
Relevance. The information a manager receives from an MIS has to relate to the decisions the manager has to make. ...
Accuracy
Usefulness
Timeliness
Completeness
The document discusses enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It describes ERP as a system that integrates all departments and functions of a company onto a single computer system to serve their needs. ERP automates business processes and can provide tremendous payback if installed correctly. The document outlines the evolution of ERP from earlier MRP systems of the 1960s-1980s to more modern ERP systems of the 1990s-2000s that integrate functions across the entire value chain of a business.
Know the features and functions of information systemsRajesh Khadka
Features of information systems: data; people; hardware; software; telecommunications
Functions of information systems: input; storage; processing; output; control and feedback loops; closed
and open systems
Transformation of data into information: distinction between data and information; collection, storage,
processing, manipulation, retrieval, presentation
Types of information system: management information systems; others eg marketing (sales performance,
competitors etc), financial (financial costs, investment returns etc), human resources (HR) (staffing,
professional development etc)
Management information systems (MIS): features; benefits; effectiveness criteria eg accuracy, sustainability,
response times, confidence
This document outlines the key phases of an ERP implementation life cycle. It discusses the pre-evaluation screening phase where companies search for the best ERP solution. It also describes the important package evaluation and project planning phases. Key implementation phases discussed include gap analysis, reengineering, configuration, testing, training, and going live. The final post-implementation phase focuses on ongoing maintenance and upgrades once the initial implementation is complete. Effective end user training is also emphasized as critical to the long-term success of the ERP system.
The document discusses e-business systems and their key components and functions. It describes how different functional areas of an organization work together using enterprise applications like ERP, SCM, and CRM software. These applications help integrate internal business processes with customers and suppliers. The applications are interconnected through enterprise application integration software to allow seamless data exchange between different systems based on business process models. Transaction processing systems capture data from business events and process it in real-time or in batches to update databases and generate documents. Enterprise collaboration systems enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration across teams through tools like email, videoconferencing, and databases.
This document provides an outline on supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP). It defines key concepts such as the bullwhip effect in SCM and discusses how vendor managed inventory can help mitigate it. The importance of CRM for customer retention is explained. ERP is introduced as a system for integrating business transactions and providing access to information across an organization. An example illustration demonstrates how an ERP system can coordinate different business functions in real-time.
The document discusses key concepts for designing IT infrastructure to ensure high performance. It covers perceived performance from a user perspective, benchmarking systems, profiling users to predict load, identifying and managing bottlenecks, scaling systems horizontally and vertically, load balancing, caching frequently used data, and designing systems based on their intended use to optimize performance. The overall goal is to design infrastructure that can meet performance requirements under all conditions, both currently and as load increases over time.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.
This document summarizes six major information systems: Executive Support System (ESS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction Processing System (TPS), and Office Automation System (OAS). ESS helps senior executives make strategic decisions. MIS provides reports to support middle management decisions. DSS provides tools to support semi-structured decision making. KMS manages organizational knowledge and experiences. TPS processes business transactions and generates reports. OAS automates office tasks like communication and scheduling.
The document discusses enterprise applications and management information systems. It provides an overview of key enterprise applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Supply Chain Management Systems (SCMS), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. The summary discusses how ERP systems integrate business processes across an organization, how SCMS coordinate planning, production and logistics with suppliers, and how CRM systems enable customer intimacy.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key database concepts like data, information, and database systems. It also explains the hierarchical structure of DBMS and compares flat file databases to relational databases. Relational databases incorporate multiple normalized tables that can be related to each other, while flat files put all data in a single table without relationships between files.
Management information system database managementOnline
The document discusses database management and related concepts. It defines database management as applying information systems technologies to manage an organization's data resources to meet business needs. It describes different database structures like hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented. It also discusses database development processes like conceptual design, entity-relationship modeling, normalization, and implementation. Data warehousing and data mining are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like database, database management system, and data models. It describes the characteristics of a modern DBMS like using real-world entities, normalization to reduce redundancy, and query languages. The document also outlines the components of a database system including users, applications, the DBMS software, and the database itself. It explains common database architectures like single-tier, two-tier, and three-tier designs. Finally, it introduces some historical data models used in database design like the entity-relationship model, relational model, hierarchical model, and network model.
This document discusses several technologies related to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It describes management information systems (MIS), decision support systems (DSS), and executive information systems (EIS) as forerunners to ERP. It defines business process reengineering (BPR) and lists seven principles of BPR. It also defines MIS, DSS, EIS, data warehousing, data mining, online analytical processing (OLAP), and supply chain management (SCM).
This document summarizes a student project on a computer lab management system. The system was created to address issues with the existing manual lab management system. It allows both students and administrators to manage lab activities online. The system has modules for student and administrator functions. It uses Java and MySQL for the backend and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend. Key features include secure login, viewing computer information, submitting assignments, and generating reports. The system aims to reduce paperwork and facilitate effective monitoring of student and staff activities in the computer lab.
Here are potential responses to the review questions:
1. What are the key risks of an ERP implementation project?
- Scope creep and changing requirements
- Inadequate integration infrastructure
- Impossible timelines and schedules
- Staff turnover
- Lack of change management procedures
- Inexperience of staff and management
- Resistance to new business processes
- Issues with a new integration platform
- Insufficient testing
2. What are some common disadvantages of ERP systems?
- High costs of implementation and customization
- Lengthy implementation timelines (1-3 years)
- Difficulty balancing customization needs vs flexibility
- Delay in realizing ROI and cost savings
- Need for extensive
The document discusses various topics related to systems analysis and design including:
- The phases of analysis and design which include requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and maintenance.
- The role of the systems analyst in consulting with businesses, supporting experts within organizations, and acting as change agents and problem solvers.
- The different types of information systems such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.
- The use of tools like CASE and UML to aid in analysis and design.
The document outlines the key phases of an ERP implementation lifecycle. It begins with pre-evaluation vendor selection where suitable ERP solutions are identified. Next is the ERP solution evaluation phase where selection criteria are developed and solutions are evaluated. The project planning phase then designs the implementation process by defining timelines, roles and responsibilities. Gap analysis identifies where the ERP solutions meet or do not meet business requirements. The configuration and testing phases involve setting up the system and working out any issues. User training and going live then transition the organization to the new ERP system. Post-implementation focuses on adoption and system updates.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing. ... Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated.
This document discusses alternative system building approaches, including prototyping, application software packages, end-user development, and outsourcing. Prototyping involves quickly building an experimental system for demonstration. Application software packages are prewritten programs available for purchase. End-user development enables non-technical users to create reports and applications. Outsourcing uses an external vendor to operate an organization's information systems.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various functional aspects of an organization to improve information flow, increase operational efficiency, and help managers make better decisions. Implementing an ERP system requires selecting a vendor, configuring the software to match business processes, training employees, and ongoing maintenance. ERP systems provide benefits like integrated data and applications across departments but also challenges like complex implementations and changes to business roles.
ERP systems integrate planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing and other business functions into a single system. This document provides an overview of ERP, including what ERP is, how it works, key components like finance, HR and manufacturing modules, benefits like improved integration and efficiency, challenges of implementation like costs and time, and major ERP vendors like SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft. The document uses examples to illustrate how ERP streamlines processes and information sharing across departments before and after implementation.
The document discusses enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It describes ERP as a system that integrates all departments and functions of a company onto a single computer system to serve their needs. ERP automates business processes and can provide tremendous payback if installed correctly. The document outlines the evolution of ERP from earlier MRP systems of the 1960s-1980s to more modern ERP systems of the 1990s-2000s that integrate functions across the entire value chain of a business.
Know the features and functions of information systemsRajesh Khadka
Features of information systems: data; people; hardware; software; telecommunications
Functions of information systems: input; storage; processing; output; control and feedback loops; closed
and open systems
Transformation of data into information: distinction between data and information; collection, storage,
processing, manipulation, retrieval, presentation
Types of information system: management information systems; others eg marketing (sales performance,
competitors etc), financial (financial costs, investment returns etc), human resources (HR) (staffing,
professional development etc)
Management information systems (MIS): features; benefits; effectiveness criteria eg accuracy, sustainability,
response times, confidence
This document outlines the key phases of an ERP implementation life cycle. It discusses the pre-evaluation screening phase where companies search for the best ERP solution. It also describes the important package evaluation and project planning phases. Key implementation phases discussed include gap analysis, reengineering, configuration, testing, training, and going live. The final post-implementation phase focuses on ongoing maintenance and upgrades once the initial implementation is complete. Effective end user training is also emphasized as critical to the long-term success of the ERP system.
The document discusses e-business systems and their key components and functions. It describes how different functional areas of an organization work together using enterprise applications like ERP, SCM, and CRM software. These applications help integrate internal business processes with customers and suppliers. The applications are interconnected through enterprise application integration software to allow seamless data exchange between different systems based on business process models. Transaction processing systems capture data from business events and process it in real-time or in batches to update databases and generate documents. Enterprise collaboration systems enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration across teams through tools like email, videoconferencing, and databases.
This document provides an outline on supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP). It defines key concepts such as the bullwhip effect in SCM and discusses how vendor managed inventory can help mitigate it. The importance of CRM for customer retention is explained. ERP is introduced as a system for integrating business transactions and providing access to information across an organization. An example illustration demonstrates how an ERP system can coordinate different business functions in real-time.
The document discusses key concepts for designing IT infrastructure to ensure high performance. It covers perceived performance from a user perspective, benchmarking systems, profiling users to predict load, identifying and managing bottlenecks, scaling systems horizontally and vertically, load balancing, caching frequently used data, and designing systems based on their intended use to optimize performance. The overall goal is to design infrastructure that can meet performance requirements under all conditions, both currently and as load increases over time.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.
This document summarizes six major information systems: Executive Support System (ESS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Knowledge Management System (KMS), Transaction Processing System (TPS), and Office Automation System (OAS). ESS helps senior executives make strategic decisions. MIS provides reports to support middle management decisions. DSS provides tools to support semi-structured decision making. KMS manages organizational knowledge and experiences. TPS processes business transactions and generates reports. OAS automates office tasks like communication and scheduling.
The document discusses enterprise applications and management information systems. It provides an overview of key enterprise applications such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Supply Chain Management Systems (SCMS), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. The summary discusses how ERP systems integrate business processes across an organization, how SCMS coordinate planning, production and logistics with suppliers, and how CRM systems enable customer intimacy.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key database concepts like data, information, and database systems. It also explains the hierarchical structure of DBMS and compares flat file databases to relational databases. Relational databases incorporate multiple normalized tables that can be related to each other, while flat files put all data in a single table without relationships between files.
Management information system database managementOnline
The document discusses database management and related concepts. It defines database management as applying information systems technologies to manage an organization's data resources to meet business needs. It describes different database structures like hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented. It also discusses database development processes like conceptual design, entity-relationship modeling, normalization, and implementation. Data warehousing and data mining are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like database, database management system, and data models. It describes the characteristics of a modern DBMS like using real-world entities, normalization to reduce redundancy, and query languages. The document also outlines the components of a database system including users, applications, the DBMS software, and the database itself. It explains common database architectures like single-tier, two-tier, and three-tier designs. Finally, it introduces some historical data models used in database design like the entity-relationship model, relational model, hierarchical model, and network model.
This document discusses several technologies related to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It describes management information systems (MIS), decision support systems (DSS), and executive information systems (EIS) as forerunners to ERP. It defines business process reengineering (BPR) and lists seven principles of BPR. It also defines MIS, DSS, EIS, data warehousing, data mining, online analytical processing (OLAP), and supply chain management (SCM).
This document summarizes a student project on a computer lab management system. The system was created to address issues with the existing manual lab management system. It allows both students and administrators to manage lab activities online. The system has modules for student and administrator functions. It uses Java and MySQL for the backend and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend. Key features include secure login, viewing computer information, submitting assignments, and generating reports. The system aims to reduce paperwork and facilitate effective monitoring of student and staff activities in the computer lab.
Here are potential responses to the review questions:
1. What are the key risks of an ERP implementation project?
- Scope creep and changing requirements
- Inadequate integration infrastructure
- Impossible timelines and schedules
- Staff turnover
- Lack of change management procedures
- Inexperience of staff and management
- Resistance to new business processes
- Issues with a new integration platform
- Insufficient testing
2. What are some common disadvantages of ERP systems?
- High costs of implementation and customization
- Lengthy implementation timelines (1-3 years)
- Difficulty balancing customization needs vs flexibility
- Delay in realizing ROI and cost savings
- Need for extensive
The document discusses various topics related to systems analysis and design including:
- The phases of analysis and design which include requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and maintenance.
- The role of the systems analyst in consulting with businesses, supporting experts within organizations, and acting as change agents and problem solvers.
- The different types of information systems such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.
- The use of tools like CASE and UML to aid in analysis and design.
The document outlines the key phases of an ERP implementation lifecycle. It begins with pre-evaluation vendor selection where suitable ERP solutions are identified. Next is the ERP solution evaluation phase where selection criteria are developed and solutions are evaluated. The project planning phase then designs the implementation process by defining timelines, roles and responsibilities. Gap analysis identifies where the ERP solutions meet or do not meet business requirements. The configuration and testing phases involve setting up the system and working out any issues. User training and going live then transition the organization to the new ERP system. Post-implementation focuses on adoption and system updates.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing. ... Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated.
This document discusses alternative system building approaches, including prototyping, application software packages, end-user development, and outsourcing. Prototyping involves quickly building an experimental system for demonstration. Application software packages are prewritten programs available for purchase. End-user development enables non-technical users to create reports and applications. Outsourcing uses an external vendor to operate an organization's information systems.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate various functional aspects of an organization to improve information flow, increase operational efficiency, and help managers make better decisions. Implementing an ERP system requires selecting a vendor, configuring the software to match business processes, training employees, and ongoing maintenance. ERP systems provide benefits like integrated data and applications across departments but also challenges like complex implementations and changes to business roles.
ERP systems integrate planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing and other business functions into a single system. This document provides an overview of ERP, including what ERP is, how it works, key components like finance, HR and manufacturing modules, benefits like improved integration and efficiency, challenges of implementation like costs and time, and major ERP vendors like SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft. The document uses examples to illustrate how ERP streamlines processes and information sharing across departments before and after implementation.
Lesson 3 - Enterprise System Architecture.pptxcalf_ville86
This document discusses enterprise systems architecture and ERP systems. It examines the modules of ERP systems like finance, HR and sales. It describes common ERP architectures including three-tier architectures that separate data, application and presentation layers. The document also discusses service-oriented architectures, cloud computing and the implications of architecture decisions for management.
The document provides an overview of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, including their history and evolution. It discusses key aspects of ERP such as components, architecture, benefits and drawbacks. It also covers the implementation process including software selection, project management, change management and post-implementation operations. The document outlines the roles of various stakeholders in a successful ERP implementation and trends in the ERP industry.
This document provides an overview of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It defines key terms like enterprise, resources, planning, and ERP. It describes how ERP systems integrate business functions like production, purchasing, sales, finance, and HR. The document discusses the evolution of ERP from earlier systems for inventory management and MRP. It outlines common myths about ERP implementation. Finally, it discusses the advantages and importance of ERP for companies in improving processes, decision making, and overall business performance.
The document discusses integrated enterprise systems and their evolution over time. It describes how functional information systems created data silos within organizations. Integrated systems address this by capturing data at the source and allowing sharing across departments. Key integrated systems discussed include ERP, SCM, and CRM. ERP provides an integrated solution that spans accounting, finance, supply chain and other functions. SCM manages the flow of materials and information throughout the supply chain. CRM allows identifying, acquiring and retaining customers through multiple channels. The benefits of integrated systems include reduced data duplication and improved information sharing, but implementation requires aligning the system with business processes.
This document provides an overview of various information systems used in business, including business information systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and management information systems (MIS). It describes the key components, objectives, and benefits of these systems. Business information systems provide data to help organizations manage efficiently, using hardware, software, data, procedures, and people. ERP systems integrate various business functions into a shared database. The objectives of MIS are to implement organizational structure and dynamics to better manage organizations and gain competitive advantages through information.
This is how ERP architecture can be understood. Enterprise Resource Planning systems are intended to utilize several applications, as well as any data contained.
The document provides an overview of SAP, the largest business software company in Europe. It discusses that SAP created one of the first Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, which integrated previously separate systems for finance, manufacturing, human resources, etc. into one software suite. The document outlines the history and components of SAP's ERP software, including SAP R/2, the first version, and SAP R/3, the popular client-server version. It describes how SAP ERP systems standardize business processes across modules and the challenges of customizing large ERP implementations.
Here is a 286-word response discussing the role of ERP systems in removing information or functional silos in organizations:
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems allow organizations to integrate data and processes throughout various business functions onto a single, unified system. By consolidating separate departmental systems onto one centralized ERP platform, information silos between different functions can be eliminated.
With separate IT systems, each department would operate in isolation with its own data that is not accessible by other departments. This results in redundant data entry, inefficiencies, and lack of real-time visibility across the organization. An ERP system removes these information silos by providing a single source of truth accessible to all. Product design, manufacturing, sales, accounting
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate internal and external management of business processes and information across an entire organization by combining all departments into a single database that can be accessed by all employees. ERP II systems extend this integration to external partners and customers, allowing information to be shared more easily over the internet to globalize business operations and enable free flow of information. Key advantages of ERP II include greater flexibility in integrating functions between departments and industries, a more web-friendly application that facilitates information exchange, and increased user participation through simplified interactions.
In the computer industry, an enterprise is an organization that uses computers. A word was needed that would encompass corporations, small businesses, non-profit institutions, government bodies, and possibly other kinds of organizations. The term enterprise seemed to do the job. In practice, the term is applied much more often to larger organizations than smaller ones.
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems combine databases across departments into a single database that can be accessed by all employees to automate business processes. The document outlines the components and implementation of ERP systems, noting that while ERP systems can integrate data and standardize processes to realize benefits, implementation requires significant costs, time, and risks management. Best practices for a successful ERP implementation include aligning the system with business strategy and processes, gaining executive support, training users, and viewing implementation as an ongoing process of learning and adaptation.
The document discusses enterprise systems architecture, including ERP modules and architectures. It describes the key components of enterprise systems architecture as functional (defining ERP modules) and systems (defining the physical architecture). Common ERP architectures include three-tier architectures with web, application, and data tiers. Service-oriented architectures and cloud computing architectures are also discussed.
An ERP system integrates business functions and data across an entire organization. It includes modules to support functional areas like planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, accounting, and more. Key characteristics of ERP systems are their modular design with a centralized database, integrated modules that provide seamless data flow, and ability to support business processes in real-time. While expensive to implement, ERP systems provide benefits like reliable access to information, avoidance of data redundancy, reduced delivery times, and improved scalability. Major ERP vendors include SAP, which launched the first ERP product R/2 in 1979 and continues enhancing its solutions.
1. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems aim to integrate all departments and functions of a company into a single computer system that can meet the needs of each department.
2. ERP systems replace separate departmental software applications and interfaces with a single integrated system to streamline business processes and data sharing across the enterprise.
3. While ERP systems provide benefits like standardized processes, reduced costs, and improved decision-making, implementing ERP also presents disadvantages such as high costs, needing expert consultants and training employees on new systems.
This document provides an introduction to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It outlines learning outcomes for the course, ground rules, contact information, assessment criteria, and an assignment. It then discusses what ERP is, the business processes it supports, typical modules, advantages and disadvantages, implementation issues, evolution of ERP, the ERP market and vendors. In particular, it describes ERP as an integrated suite of applications that supports business operations across an enterprise through a single database. It aims to integrate and standardize business processes and data.
The document discusses ERP systems and their implementation. It states that in the early days of ERP adoption, management did not fully understand the scope of issues to consider before, during, and after implementation. ERP systems are complex enterprise software unlike conventional packages. The document emphasizes that there are no shortcuts when implementing ERP, which requires integrating across departments on a single system. It provides an overview of ERP functionality and the importance of using a proven methodology like business process management to implement ERP successfully in a well-planned manner.
The document discusses an integrated ERP system with a web portal. It proposes using ETL tools to extract data from legacy ERP systems and load it into a centralized data warehouse ("one-version data store"). Data marts are then extracted from the data warehouse to improve query response times. A web portal is built on top of the data marts to provide customized, personalized access and collaboration for managers to support decision making using business intelligence tools. The model aims to address challenges of legacy ERP systems like poor performance and lack of strategic reporting capabilities.
Similar to Lesson 1 - Introduction to Enterprise Systems for Management.pdf (20)
This document discusses network security and provides an overview of common security threats and countermeasures. It defines security, explains why security is needed to protect information and resources, and identifies entities that are vulnerable to attacks. It then describes several common security attacks such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, denial of service attacks, TCP attacks, packet sniffing, and social engineering. For each threat, it outlines associated countermeasures to mitigate risks and improve security.
Logistics and Managing Transportion.pptxcalf_ville86
Transportation is the backbone of logistics and accounts for 40-50% of total logistics costs. It facilitates the movement of goods and connects production facilities. The key modes of transportation are roadways, railways, waterways, airways, and pipelines. Choosing the right mode or combination depends on factors like type of goods, distance, costs etc. Effective transportation requires applying principles like economy of scale and distance to reduce costs. Containerization, network design, and route planning techniques further optimize the transportation system.
This document summarizes the key aspects of the Kimball Lifecycle approach to data warehousing. It describes the main phases including planning, requirements definition, dimensional modeling, ETL design, application development, deployment, maintenance, and growth. It explains the parallel tracks of technology, data, and business intelligence applications. Dimensional modeling concepts like star schemas and snowflake schemas are also defined.
This document provides an overview of application software and discusses several common types, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation graphics software. It describes key concepts for each type of application software, such as how to create and format documents in word processing and spreadsheet programs, organize data in databases using tables and queries, and design electronic slide shows using presentation graphics software. The document also covers general topics like software ownership rights, installed versus cloud-based software, and common commands found in many application programs.
Lesson 2 - The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce.pptxcalf_ville86
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
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of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Enterprise Systems for Management.pdf
1. CHAPTER 1
Introduction to
Enterprise Systems for
Management
Preview
• In the early days of ERP implementation most
management did not understand the magnitude of
issues an organization has to consider before, during,
and after implementation.
• ERP systems are very different from conventional
packaged software, such as Microsoft Office and others.
• There are no shortcuts when it comes to implementing
an enterprise system.
Learning Objectives
• Understand the information systems evolution and its
historical role in the organization leading to systems
integration and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
• Learn about ERP systems and evolution, components,
and architecture; understand the benefits and
drawbacks of implementing ERP systems and how they
can help an organization improve its efficiency and
worker productivity.
• Gain an overview of the implementation process (e.g.,
the ERP life cycle, business process reengineering
project management, and change management).
Understand the role of people, vendors, consultants,
and the organization in making the ERP implementation
process successful.
• Comprehend the ethical, global, and security challenges
while implementing an ERP system, and look at the
ERP vendors and industry trends.
2
Information Systems in Organizations
• Information Systems are a critical component of a
successful organization today.
• Information Systems provide a high level of computer
automation to support business functions such as:
- Accounting
- Finance
- Marketing
- Customer Service
- Human Resource Management
- Operations
• Information Systems play a major role in primary and
secondary activities of an organization s value chain
2. Information Systems in Organizations (Cont’d) Information Systems in Organizations (Cont’d)
• Information systems include hardware, software, data
processes, and people.
• Information Technology is thus a component of
Information Systems.
• Information Technology includes only the hardware and
software components.
• Information systems generally use a three-phased
model of input, process, and output.
• The role of an information system is to process data into
information using information technology, business
processes, and people resources.
Figure 1-1 Information System Components Figure 1-2 Phases of an Information System
3. Role of Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Business organizations have become more complex
due to increased layer of management hierarchy and
increased level of coordination across departments.
- Each department has different information needs.
• No single information system can support all the
business needs of an organization.
• Management is generally categorized into three levels-
Strategic, Middle, and Operational.
- Each management level has different information requirements.
Figure 1-3 Management Pyramid with Information
Requirements
Current Scenario
Information Silos and Systems Integration
• Over time, Information Systems create a hodgepodge of
independent nonintegrated systems ultimately creating
bottlenecks and interfering with productivity.
• Organizations need to be agile and flexible and will
require their information systems to have integrated
data, applications, and resources from across the
organization.
• To compete effectively, organizations have to be
customer focused.
- This requires cross-functional integration among the
accounting, marketing and other departments of the
organization.
• Islands of Information
• Difficult to get timely & accurate information
• Heterogeneous Hardware & Software platforms & practices
• Poor connectivity between different organizational locations
• Sticking with obsolete technology
• Resist to change
• Lack of proven man-power to develop integrated software
4. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
WHAT IS AN ERP SYSTEM?
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems are the first
generation of enterprise systems meant to integrate
data and support all the major functions of
organizations.
• ERP systems integrate various functional aspects of the
organization as well as systems within the organization
of its partners and suppliers.
• The goal of an ERP system is to make the information
flow dynamic and immediate, therefore, increasing its
usefulness and value.
WHAT IS AN ERP SYSTEM?
Figure 1-4 Integrated Systems - ERP
Integrated Data Model
• The heart of any ERP exercise is to create an integrated
data model
• The ERP application must be capable to provide true
integration capability over the entire enterprise system to
provide data for employees, suppliers and customers
• General accounting to provide for multiple ledgers/sub-
ledgers on a division by division basis. Online management
summaries and consolidation eliminate extensive
paperwork handling
• Ability to drill down through successive levels of data
provided
• ERP and execution model and its flexible sets of integrated
applications will keep the operations flowing efficiently
• ERP should be looked upon as the acquisition of an asset
and not as an expenditure
16
5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems (Cont’d)
Why ERP ?
• Another goal of ERP is to integrate departments and
functions across an organization into a single
infrastructure sharing a common database and serving
the needs of each department.
• ERP systems replace an assortment of systems that
typically existed in organizations. Moreover, ERP solves
critical problem of integrating information from different
sources and makes it available in real-time.
What are some of the Enterprise
system drivers?
• Systems Not Y2K Compliant
• Disparate Systems
• Poor/Uncompetitive Performance
• Poor Quality/Visibility of Info
• Cost Structure Too High
• Not Responsive Enough to Customers
• Complex, Ineffective Business Processes
• Business Processes or Systems Not Integrated
• Unable to Implement New Business Strategies
• Business Becoming Global
• Difficult to Integrate Acquisitions
• Obsolete Systems
• Inconsistent Processes
• Unable to Support Growth
• For Management - to know what is happening in the
company
• One solution for better Management
• For cycle time reduction
• To achieve cost control & low working capital
• To marry latest technologies
• To shun the geographical gaps
• To satisfy the customers with high expectations
• To be Competitive & for survival
ERP Characteristics
• Links all business processes automatically
• Reduces the number of legacy systems
• Reduces inter-processing time (transactions occur one
time at the source)
• Maintains an audit trail of all transactions
• Utilizes a common database
• Performs internal conversions automatically
• (tax, foreign currency, legal rules for payroll)
• Improves customer service by putting data at the
fingertips of employees
• Involves employees in the entire functional cycle
7. Figure 1-6 ERP Components Integration
ERP Systems Components
• An ERP system consists of:
Hardware Servers and peripherals
Software Process Operating systems and database
Information Organizational data from internal and
external sources
Process Business processes, procedures, and
policies
People End users and IT staff
ERP Architecture
• The architecture of an ERP system influences the cost,
maintenance, and the use of the system.
• The ERP architecture helps the implementation team
build the ERP system for the organization.
• If purchased, ERP architecture is often driven by the
vendor (Package-Driven Architecture).
• There are two types of architectures.
- Logical focuses on the supporting needs of the end users.
- Physical focuses on the efficiency of the system.
Figure 1-7 Example of Architecture of ERP at Large
University
8. Figure 1-8 Logical Architecture of an ERP System
Figure 1-9 Tiered Architecture Example of ERP
System
System Benefits of an ERP System
• Integration of data and applications across functional
areas (i.e., data can be entered once and used by all
applications; thus improving accuracy and quality of the
data).
• Improvements in maintenance and support as IT staff is
centralized.
• Consistency of the user interface across various
applications means less employee training, better
productivity, and cross-functional job movements.
• Security of data and applications is enhanced due to
better controls and centralization of hardware.
System Limitations of an ERP System
• Complexity of installing, configuring, and maintaining the
system increases, thus requiring specialized IT staff,
hardware, and network facilities.
• Consolidation of IT hardware, software, and people
resources can be cumbersome and difficult to attain.
• Data conversion and transformation from an old system
to a new one can be tedious and complex process.
• Retraining of IT staff and end users of the new system
can produce resistance and reduce productivity
9. Business Benefits of an ERP System
• Agility of the organization in terms of responding to
changes in environment for growth and maintaining
market share
• Sharing of information across functional areas helps
collaboration between employees.
• Linking and exchanging information in real-time with
supply-chain partners improves efficiency leading to
lower costs.
Business Limitations of an ERP System
• Better customer service due to quicker information flow
across departments.
• Efficiency of business processes are enhanced due to
the re-engineering of business processes.
• Retraining of all employees with the new system can be
costly and time consuming.
• Change of business roles and department boundaries
can create upheaval and resistance to the new system.
ERP and Business Processes ERP and Business Processes
Cross-Functional Business Processes
ERP and
Cross-Functional Business Processes
35 36
10. ERP and Business Processes
ERP and Business Process Change
37
ERP Implementation
• Before implementing ERP, an organization has to plan
and understand the life cycle of these systems.
• The key to a successful implementation is to use a
proven methodology, take it one step at a time, and
begin with an understanding of the ERP life cycle.
• ERP system implementations are very risky, and using a
well-defined project plan with a proven methodology will
assist in managing those risks.
• There must be a strong well-communicated need to
make the change from the existing information
systems/applications to an ERP system.
Figure 1-11 ERP Life Cycle Figure 1-12 ERP Implementation Methodology
11. Software and Vendor Selection
• It is best for an organization that does not have the
experience in developing ERP systems to purchase one
on the market.
• Before selecting a vendor, the organization must
carefully evaluate its current and future needs in
enterprise management systems.
• Review the organization’s existing hardware, network,
and software infrastructure, and the resources available
for the implementation.
Operations and Post-Implementation
• Going live (“Go-live”) is one of the most critical points in
a project’s success.
• It is vital to focus the efforts of all project teams to
ensure that task and activities are completed before
going live.
Five areas of stabilization are important:
• Training for end-users
• Reactive support (i.e., help desk for troubleshooting)
• Auditing support to make sure data quality is not
compromised by new system
• Data fix to resolve data migration and errors revealed by
audits
• New features and functionalities to support the evolving
needs of the organization
Vendor Evaluation
• Business functions or modules supported by their software
• Features and integration capabilities of the software
• Financial viability of the vendor as well as length of time
they have been in business
• Licensing and upgrade policies
• Customer service and help desk support
• Total cost of ownership
• IT infrastructure requirements
• Third-party software integration
• Legacy systems support and integration
• Consulting and training services
• Future goals and plans for the short and long term
Figure 1-14 Project Management
12. ERP Implementation Budget
Hammer 2000
People and Organization (Cont’d)
Change Management
Role is essential because it prepares for changes to
how business is done. In implementing new systems,
communicating, preparing, and setting expectations is
as important as providing training and support.
Business Process Re-engineering
Business processes will need to be changed,
adjusted, or adapted to the new system to use the
functionality of an ERP system fully.
Global, Ethical and Security Management
Outsourcing overseas, ethical issues, and problems
with system security have also attracted a lot of
attention in ERP implementation
People and Organization
Project Management
For an ERP system to be implemented successfully,
project management must provide strong leadership, a
clear and understood implementation plan, and close
monitoring of the budget.
Consultants
It is often the case for organizations without much ERP
implementation experience to use implementation
partners such as consultants.
ERP Vendors
SAP
SAP is the recognized global leader among ERP vendors
with over 12 million users. Its solutions are for all types of
industries and for every major market. www.sap.com
Oracle/Peoplesoft
As the second largest ERP vendor, Oracle provides
solutions divided by industry category and promises long-
term support for customers of PeopleSoft- (acquired in
2004). www.oracle.com
Infor
The world’s third largest provider of enterprise software. It
delivers integrated enterprise solutions in supply chain,
customer relationship and suppliers management
13. ERP Vendors (Cont’d)
Microsoft Dynamics
Formerly Microsoft Business Solutions or Great Plains,
Microsoft Dynamics is a comprehensive business-
management solution built on the Microsoft platform.
Lawson
Industry-tailored software solutions that include
enterprise performance management, distribution,
financials, human resources, procurement, and retail
operations. www.Lawson.com
SSA Global
Acquired Baan in 2004.They claim to offer solutions that
accomplish specific goals in shorter time frames and are
more efficient with time.
Summary
• Whereas the risks for implementing an ERP are greater,
the payoff is very high for organizations.
• The integration of data helps an organization to better
meet the demands of a fast and dynamic business
world.
• The use of ERP systems provides for integrated data
and business processes, thereby creating opportunities
for organizations to expand and change as their
business changes.
Implications for Management
• ERP systems implementation is a complex
organizational activity.
- It is important to evaluate and learn from the successes and
failures.
• ERP systems implementation requires strong project
management oversight.
• ERP systems provide improved and added functionality
for an organization.
Summary (Cont’d)
• ERP components consist of hardware, software,
information, process, and people to perform the
fundamental phases of an information system: input,
process, and output.
• ERP system architecture is a blueprint of the actual ERP
system. There are two types of architecture: physical
and logical.
• The selection of a system must be based on these
needs and how well a vendor meets those needs now or
in the future.
• To be successful in implementing an ERP system, an
organization and its management must clearly
understand the implementation process.