The document provides an overview of a lesson on scientific research, including definitions of research, the role of research in universities, the theoretical approach to science, classification of sciences, areas of knowledge, and ethics in scientific research and publication. It discusses how research involves systematic and methodical activities to increase knowledge. The university's role is to conduct basic and applied research and transfer knowledge to society. Science is a collection of knowledge obtained through observation and reasoning. Sciences are classified as formal, factual, and social/human. Areas of knowledge are organized into fields and disciplines according to an international classification system. Ethics are important in research due to events like the Nuremberg trials that established codes of conduct.
Research Integrity: Philosophical Perspectives Robert Farrow
A short presentation exploring the concept of research integrity from a philosophical perspective and discussing some of the advice and frameworks that support research integrity.
Everything you wanted to know about research integrity but never dared to askSophien Kamoun
Everything you wanted to know about research integrity but never dared to ask discusses research misconduct, standards of professional conduct, and principles of good research practice. It defines research misconduct as misrepresentation, falsification, or fabrication of data. While honest errors are not misconduct, failure to address errors could be. The importance of admitting when one is wrong and making timely corrections is emphasized. Research integrity is supported by high professional standards, good practices, appropriate oversight systems, and a culture of open discussion.
This document discusses ethics in research. It begins by outlining the presentation which covers why ethics are important, the history of ethics in research, general principles of ethics, and codes and policies for ethics in research. Specific examples of unethical research are provided, such as the Nazi hypothermia experiments and Tuskegee syphilis study, to illustrate why ethics are necessary. General ethical principles discussed include respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Key codes and guidelines for ethical research presented include the Nuremberg Code, Helsinki Declaration, and protections for vulnerable participants.
This is about honesty in professional environment. It is about trustfulness and trustworthiness. Professional honesty is strongly related with academic integrity. Research integrity has paramount importance when it comes to honesty.
This document discusses ethics considerations for research projects focused on student learning gain at the institutional level. It outlines different approaches to collecting student data, from learning analytics to evaluations. While the BERA principles of voluntary consent and protecting vulnerable groups are important, learning gain research presents additional challenges. Small sample sizes can limit statistical significance and methodological innovation. Reporting results also requires integrity, as funding bodies may prefer positive outcomes. The document seeks input on balancing responsibilities to students, sponsors, and transparency in learning gain research methodology and reporting.
This document discusses various types of research methods and ethics. It defines correlational research, descriptive research, ethnographic research, experimental research, exploratory research, grounded theory research, and phenomenological research. It then lists and explains the characteristics of experimental research, including variables, setting, and being multivariable. Finally, it discusses stages of survey research design, ethnographic research, types of quasi-experimental designs, and the difference between quasi-experimental and experimental research.
Intellectual honesty and research integrity abu salehAbuSaleh51
The document discusses intellectual honesty and research integrity. It defines intellectual honesty as an unbiased approach to problem solving that avoids omitting relevant facts or twisting information. Signs of intellectual honesty include acknowledging weaknesses in arguments and being willing to acknowledge alternative viewpoints and mistakes. Research integrity means conducting research through sound and honest methods so that others can trust the findings. It involves principles like honesty, reliability, impartiality, and care for participants. The document emphasizes transparency, open communication, and high ethical standards in all aspects of the research process.
Research Integrity: Philosophical Perspectives Robert Farrow
A short presentation exploring the concept of research integrity from a philosophical perspective and discussing some of the advice and frameworks that support research integrity.
Everything you wanted to know about research integrity but never dared to askSophien Kamoun
Everything you wanted to know about research integrity but never dared to ask discusses research misconduct, standards of professional conduct, and principles of good research practice. It defines research misconduct as misrepresentation, falsification, or fabrication of data. While honest errors are not misconduct, failure to address errors could be. The importance of admitting when one is wrong and making timely corrections is emphasized. Research integrity is supported by high professional standards, good practices, appropriate oversight systems, and a culture of open discussion.
This document discusses ethics in research. It begins by outlining the presentation which covers why ethics are important, the history of ethics in research, general principles of ethics, and codes and policies for ethics in research. Specific examples of unethical research are provided, such as the Nazi hypothermia experiments and Tuskegee syphilis study, to illustrate why ethics are necessary. General ethical principles discussed include respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Key codes and guidelines for ethical research presented include the Nuremberg Code, Helsinki Declaration, and protections for vulnerable participants.
This is about honesty in professional environment. It is about trustfulness and trustworthiness. Professional honesty is strongly related with academic integrity. Research integrity has paramount importance when it comes to honesty.
This document discusses ethics considerations for research projects focused on student learning gain at the institutional level. It outlines different approaches to collecting student data, from learning analytics to evaluations. While the BERA principles of voluntary consent and protecting vulnerable groups are important, learning gain research presents additional challenges. Small sample sizes can limit statistical significance and methodological innovation. Reporting results also requires integrity, as funding bodies may prefer positive outcomes. The document seeks input on balancing responsibilities to students, sponsors, and transparency in learning gain research methodology and reporting.
This document discusses various types of research methods and ethics. It defines correlational research, descriptive research, ethnographic research, experimental research, exploratory research, grounded theory research, and phenomenological research. It then lists and explains the characteristics of experimental research, including variables, setting, and being multivariable. Finally, it discusses stages of survey research design, ethnographic research, types of quasi-experimental designs, and the difference between quasi-experimental and experimental research.
Intellectual honesty and research integrity abu salehAbuSaleh51
The document discusses intellectual honesty and research integrity. It defines intellectual honesty as an unbiased approach to problem solving that avoids omitting relevant facts or twisting information. Signs of intellectual honesty include acknowledging weaknesses in arguments and being willing to acknowledge alternative viewpoints and mistakes. Research integrity means conducting research through sound and honest methods so that others can trust the findings. It involves principles like honesty, reliability, impartiality, and care for participants. The document emphasizes transparency, open communication, and high ethical standards in all aspects of the research process.
Principles and key responsibilities in research integrity, research data and ...ARDC
Dr Paul Taylor, Director, Research Integrity, Governance and Systems, RMIT, presented at the Research Integrity Advisor Research Data Management Workshop in Hobart, 2017
This document discusses basics of communication skills and types of scientific communication. It defines communication and describes the communication process and most common ways of communicating such as visual images, written word, body language, and spoken word. It outlines features of effective communication and barriers to communication. The document provides tips for becoming a better listener, improving body language and verbal communication. It also discusses tips for talking to the public, meeting with legislators, and essentials and don'ts of communication. Finally, it outlines various types of scientific communication including original articles, review articles, letters to the editor, short communications, and books, book chapters, monographs, newsletters, bulletins, theses/dissertations, proposals, posters, and conference
Presentation "Challenges in research ethics" by Milica Ševkušić, Re@WBC ERASMUS + Project, Training for trainers, April 5–7, 2017, University of Belgrade
This document discusses several key ethical issues in research including authorship, plagiarism, peer review, conflicts of interest, and research with human subjects. It provides definitions and guidelines for each topic. For authorship, all authors must significantly contribute to the research and writing. For plagiarism, ideas and words from others must be properly cited. Peer review ensures research quality and ethics. Conflicts of interest can arise from financial interests that compromise research objectivity. Research with human subjects must protect participant welfare.
Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
A session about the scientific research, how to conduct a research, what are the standards of ethics conducted in research and so on, the session was a part of an event made in Alexandria Engineers syndicate for high school students by E-web team.
I was one of the instructors of Egypt Scholars AUSC team
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION
Nature and importance of research - aims, objective, principles and problems - selection of research problem - survey of scientific literature - primary and secondary sources - citation index for scientific papers and journals - patents.
This document discusses research ethics and academic honesty. It begins by defining key terms related to research integrity and misconduct. The outline then discusses concepts of ethics, good and ethical research practices, ethical theories, data collection and presentation standards, authorship guidelines, and the process of obtaining funding. The document emphasizes principles of research ethics like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, and integrity. It also defines and discusses research misconduct, including fabrication, falsification and plagiarism.
Kud ppt2.05.03.2018 Ethics in Research-Dr.Omprakash H MOmprakash H M H M
This document discusses ethics in research. It outlines several ethical principles that should guide research, including honesty, objectivity, integrity, openness, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, and responsible publication. It also discusses ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and right to service. The document emphasizes that research ethics is important and should be incorporated at all stages of research from inception to publication. It identifies some potential lapses like quid-pro-quo exchanges, exploiting students, plagiarism, and providing false data. Finally, it discusses the roles and responsibilities of researchers and research guides in mentoring students and ensuring academic integrity.
An introduction to qualitative research methodadamwahidi85
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It discusses the key characteristics of qualitative research, including that it takes place in natural settings, uses the researcher as the instrument of data collection, employs inductive analysis to identify themes, and prioritizes participants' meanings. The document also outlines reasons for conducting qualitative research and addresses designing qualitative studies, collecting data, analyzing information, and ethical considerations.
Social science research principles methods and practicesMunir Hussain
This document summarizes a textbook on social science research methods. It provides information about the textbook's author, Anol Bhattacherjee, and discusses how the textbook is made freely available online through an open access collection at the University of South Florida library. The textbook covers the entire research process from developing theories to collecting and analyzing data using various quantitative and qualitative methods. It is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to scientific research principles and practices in the social sciences. The textbook is available under a Creative Commons license to allow free sharing and distribution with proper attribution.
This document discusses ethics in management research and development. It begins by defining ethics and ethical principles, which guide moral behavior and should apply universally. It then discusses reasons for ethical business behavior, such as fulfilling public expectations and improving employee productivity. The document outlines ethical principles for research, including respecting human dignity, privacy, and obtaining informed consent. It also discusses balancing potential harms and benefits of research. Finally, it compares issues around qualitative versus quantitative research methods and the obligations of researchers, research subjects, and clients.
Confronting ethical issues in research for avoiding plagiarismDr. Utpal Das
1) The document discusses confronting ethical issues in research and avoiding plagiarism. It defines research, academic integrity, and discusses the key characteristics of novelty and originality in research works.
2) Ten main forms of plagiarism are identified based on a survey, including clone, ctrl-c, find-replace, remix, recycle, hybrid, mashup, 404 error, aggregator, and re-tweet. Ethical issues in research like research design, data source, informed consent, copyright, and plagiarism are also discussed.
3) Avoiding academic plagiarism requires a holistic approach including national level regulations and policies, institutional prevention measures, and principles for individuals to follow.
Ethics in academic research: avoiding plagiarismDr. Utpal Das
This document discusses ethics in academic research and avoiding plagiarism. It defines academic research as time-bound, investigative in nature, leading to an academic degree or enhancing knowledge. Exploratory research is described as limitless in time and leading to path breaking discoveries. The document outlines characteristics of facts, opinions, and beliefs and how to distinguish between them. It also discusses research misconduct, principles of research ethics, and some key ethical considerations in conducting academic research.
The document discusses ethics in research and publication, outlining researchers' ethical responsibilities, approaches to ethical decision making, guidelines like the Belmont Report and APA Ethics Code, and considerations like informed consent, minimizing risks to participants, ensuring confidentiality, and the review processes of Institutional Review Boards and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. It also examines issues like scientific misconduct, ethical challenges in animal research, and case studies like Milgram's obedience experiment.
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
The document discusses various issues related to scientific misconduct including fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. It notes that these practices undermine scientific progress and can cause harm. It defines fabrication as making up data/results and falsification as improperly changing or misreporting data. Plagiarism involves using ideas or words without proper attribution. Maintaining integrity in research is important for objective and reliable science.
The document summarizes a class presentation on research methodology. It discusses the importance of adhering to ethical standards in research to promote knowledge, avoid errors, and build public trust and support. Maintaining high ethical standards ensures research integrity, protects privacy and intellectual property, and promotes collaboration. The presentation outlines four key ethical principles - respecting individuals, competence, integrity, and responsibility. It also references codes of research ethics from universities and national organizations.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to scientific research including:
- Research is defined as intellectual and experimental activities carried out systematically to increase knowledge.
- Research in universities is an essential function aimed at generating knowledge and critical thinking.
- Science can be classified into formal sciences based on deduction, factual sciences based on observation and induction, and social sciences studying human phenomena.
- Ethics and integrity are important in scientific research to avoid fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism and ensure honest publication of results.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to scientific research including:
- Research is defined as intellectual and experimental activities carried out systematically to increase knowledge.
- Research in universities is an essential function aimed at generating knowledge and critical thinking.
- Science can be classified into formal sciences based on deduction, factual sciences based on observation and induction, and social sciences studying human facts.
- Ethics and integrity are important in scientific research to avoid fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism and ensure honest publication and management of data.
Principles and key responsibilities in research integrity, research data and ...ARDC
Dr Paul Taylor, Director, Research Integrity, Governance and Systems, RMIT, presented at the Research Integrity Advisor Research Data Management Workshop in Hobart, 2017
This document discusses basics of communication skills and types of scientific communication. It defines communication and describes the communication process and most common ways of communicating such as visual images, written word, body language, and spoken word. It outlines features of effective communication and barriers to communication. The document provides tips for becoming a better listener, improving body language and verbal communication. It also discusses tips for talking to the public, meeting with legislators, and essentials and don'ts of communication. Finally, it outlines various types of scientific communication including original articles, review articles, letters to the editor, short communications, and books, book chapters, monographs, newsletters, bulletins, theses/dissertations, proposals, posters, and conference
Presentation "Challenges in research ethics" by Milica Ševkušić, Re@WBC ERASMUS + Project, Training for trainers, April 5–7, 2017, University of Belgrade
This document discusses several key ethical issues in research including authorship, plagiarism, peer review, conflicts of interest, and research with human subjects. It provides definitions and guidelines for each topic. For authorship, all authors must significantly contribute to the research and writing. For plagiarism, ideas and words from others must be properly cited. Peer review ensures research quality and ethics. Conflicts of interest can arise from financial interests that compromise research objectivity. Research with human subjects must protect participant welfare.
Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
A session about the scientific research, how to conduct a research, what are the standards of ethics conducted in research and so on, the session was a part of an event made in Alexandria Engineers syndicate for high school students by E-web team.
I was one of the instructors of Egypt Scholars AUSC team
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION
Nature and importance of research - aims, objective, principles and problems - selection of research problem - survey of scientific literature - primary and secondary sources - citation index for scientific papers and journals - patents.
This document discusses research ethics and academic honesty. It begins by defining key terms related to research integrity and misconduct. The outline then discusses concepts of ethics, good and ethical research practices, ethical theories, data collection and presentation standards, authorship guidelines, and the process of obtaining funding. The document emphasizes principles of research ethics like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, and integrity. It also defines and discusses research misconduct, including fabrication, falsification and plagiarism.
Kud ppt2.05.03.2018 Ethics in Research-Dr.Omprakash H MOmprakash H M H M
This document discusses ethics in research. It outlines several ethical principles that should guide research, including honesty, objectivity, integrity, openness, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, and responsible publication. It also discusses ethical issues like voluntary participation, informed consent, risk of harm, anonymity, and right to service. The document emphasizes that research ethics is important and should be incorporated at all stages of research from inception to publication. It identifies some potential lapses like quid-pro-quo exchanges, exploiting students, plagiarism, and providing false data. Finally, it discusses the roles and responsibilities of researchers and research guides in mentoring students and ensuring academic integrity.
An introduction to qualitative research methodadamwahidi85
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It discusses the key characteristics of qualitative research, including that it takes place in natural settings, uses the researcher as the instrument of data collection, employs inductive analysis to identify themes, and prioritizes participants' meanings. The document also outlines reasons for conducting qualitative research and addresses designing qualitative studies, collecting data, analyzing information, and ethical considerations.
Social science research principles methods and practicesMunir Hussain
This document summarizes a textbook on social science research methods. It provides information about the textbook's author, Anol Bhattacherjee, and discusses how the textbook is made freely available online through an open access collection at the University of South Florida library. The textbook covers the entire research process from developing theories to collecting and analyzing data using various quantitative and qualitative methods. It is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to scientific research principles and practices in the social sciences. The textbook is available under a Creative Commons license to allow free sharing and distribution with proper attribution.
This document discusses ethics in management research and development. It begins by defining ethics and ethical principles, which guide moral behavior and should apply universally. It then discusses reasons for ethical business behavior, such as fulfilling public expectations and improving employee productivity. The document outlines ethical principles for research, including respecting human dignity, privacy, and obtaining informed consent. It also discusses balancing potential harms and benefits of research. Finally, it compares issues around qualitative versus quantitative research methods and the obligations of researchers, research subjects, and clients.
Confronting ethical issues in research for avoiding plagiarismDr. Utpal Das
1) The document discusses confronting ethical issues in research and avoiding plagiarism. It defines research, academic integrity, and discusses the key characteristics of novelty and originality in research works.
2) Ten main forms of plagiarism are identified based on a survey, including clone, ctrl-c, find-replace, remix, recycle, hybrid, mashup, 404 error, aggregator, and re-tweet. Ethical issues in research like research design, data source, informed consent, copyright, and plagiarism are also discussed.
3) Avoiding academic plagiarism requires a holistic approach including national level regulations and policies, institutional prevention measures, and principles for individuals to follow.
Ethics in academic research: avoiding plagiarismDr. Utpal Das
This document discusses ethics in academic research and avoiding plagiarism. It defines academic research as time-bound, investigative in nature, leading to an academic degree or enhancing knowledge. Exploratory research is described as limitless in time and leading to path breaking discoveries. The document outlines characteristics of facts, opinions, and beliefs and how to distinguish between them. It also discusses research misconduct, principles of research ethics, and some key ethical considerations in conducting academic research.
The document discusses ethics in research and publication, outlining researchers' ethical responsibilities, approaches to ethical decision making, guidelines like the Belmont Report and APA Ethics Code, and considerations like informed consent, minimizing risks to participants, ensuring confidentiality, and the review processes of Institutional Review Boards and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. It also examines issues like scientific misconduct, ethical challenges in animal research, and case studies like Milgram's obedience experiment.
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
The document discusses various issues related to scientific misconduct including fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. It notes that these practices undermine scientific progress and can cause harm. It defines fabrication as making up data/results and falsification as improperly changing or misreporting data. Plagiarism involves using ideas or words without proper attribution. Maintaining integrity in research is important for objective and reliable science.
The document summarizes a class presentation on research methodology. It discusses the importance of adhering to ethical standards in research to promote knowledge, avoid errors, and build public trust and support. Maintaining high ethical standards ensures research integrity, protects privacy and intellectual property, and promotes collaboration. The presentation outlines four key ethical principles - respecting individuals, competence, integrity, and responsibility. It also references codes of research ethics from universities and national organizations.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to scientific research including:
- Research is defined as intellectual and experimental activities carried out systematically to increase knowledge.
- Research in universities is an essential function aimed at generating knowledge and critical thinking.
- Science can be classified into formal sciences based on deduction, factual sciences based on observation and induction, and social sciences studying human phenomena.
- Ethics and integrity are important in scientific research to avoid fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism and ensure honest publication of results.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to scientific research including:
- Research is defined as intellectual and experimental activities carried out systematically to increase knowledge.
- Research in universities is an essential function aimed at generating knowledge and critical thinking.
- Science can be classified into formal sciences based on deduction, factual sciences based on observation and induction, and social sciences studying human facts.
- Ethics and integrity are important in scientific research to avoid fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism and ensure honest publication and management of data.
Unit: Concept, characteristics and subject of scientific research. The scient...actividadestransversales
This document discusses the concept of scientific research. It begins by defining scientific research as the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation and reasoning to deduce general principles and laws. It then discusses key aspects of scientific research including the scientific method, various classifications of sciences, and the typical stages of the scientific research process.
This document discusses the epistemology and methodology of Islamic economics. It begins by defining epistemology as the theory of knowledge that examines the origin, structure, and validity of scientific knowledge. It then discusses the relationship between epistemology and empirical science, noting that epistemology provides a philosophical framework for the scientific method while empirical science involves applying that method to discover realities. The document also introduces naturalistic epistemology, which emphasizes applying methods and theories from empirical sciences to the study of knowledge. It concludes by explaining how epistemology impacts empirical science by encouraging critical thinking, reflecting on assumptions and methods, and providing a logical foundation for the scientific method.
The document discusses the history and definition of science. It defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The major branches of science are the natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. The importance of science is discussed in relation to nature, human life, research, and development. Key aspects of the nature of science are also outlined such as its tentative and theory-laden nature. The document concludes by discussing the general aims of science teaching such as developing inquiry skills and understanding science's role in technology and society.
The document discusses the multi-level nature of science. It describes how science works at different scales, from individual scientists tackling specific problems to broad overarching theories that frame entire disciplines. Hypotheses aim to explain narrow phenomena, while theories provide broad explanations supported by evidence. Some theories, like evolution or plate tectonics, are so important that they establish frameworks for understanding the natural world. Even accepted theories may change over time with new evidence. The document uses examples like the discovery of ozone depletion by CFCs to illustrate how science is an iterative process dependent on evidence and the scientific community.
Here are potential ways the four main branches of philosophy could apply to different fields:
1. Metaphysics - In science, metaphysics could explore the fundamental nature of reality and what types of things exist in the natural world. In technology, it could examine concepts like artificial intelligence and virtual reality.
2. Epistemology - In education, epistemology considers the nature and scope of knowledge and how we come to learn and understand new information. In law, it informs theories of legal justification and evidence.
3. Logic - In mathematics and computer science, logic explores valid and invalid patterns of reasoning. It ensures algorithms and programs are logically consistent. In journalism, it guides objective and impartial reasoning in research and reporting
The document discusses the scientific and logical basis of education. It argues that education can be considered both an art and a science, as it is a humanistic applied knowledge but also uses scientific techniques. The document outlines the key characteristics of science, including that it is empirical, logical, objective, quantitative, analytical, and specialized. It discusses different types of scientific research and the importance of paradigms and various approaches. Overall, the document promotes applying scientific methodology to the study and development of education.
This document discusses the nature, aims, and objectives of teaching science. It defines science as a systematic body of knowledge involving various subjects and fields that is organized through common sense and the interpretation of natural phenomena. The document outlines 6 lessons that will be covered, including defining science, its interdisciplinary approach, aims and objectives of teaching science, Bloom's taxonomy, and aims at different educational levels. The goals are to describe the meaning and nature of science, explain its interdisciplinary nature, discuss aims and objectives of teaching science, and explain Bloom's taxonomy and how objectives are defined in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research, outlining some of its key features and philosophical underpinnings. It discusses how qualitative research focuses on understanding people's experiences and interpretations of the world. The document then contrasts qualitative research with quantitative research, noting that qualitative research rejects the positivist model used in natural sciences. It explores some of the philosophical debates around different research paradigms, such as objectivism and interpretivism. Finally, it discusses Thomas Kuhn's work on paradigms and how some researchers believe this helped spur a paradigm shift towards qualitative research in the social sciences.
This document discusses the relationship between science and philosophy. It provides definitions of science as the study of natural phenomena through observation and experimentation with the goal of discovering general truths and laws. Philosophy is defined as the study of knowledge, reality, and ethics through reflection rather than empirical discovery. The philosophy of science examines the methods and justification of scientific claims.
The relationship between science and philosophy is examined in three ways: they can deal with different subject matters, philosophy can be an extension of science by evaluating scientific concepts and theories, or philosophy can describe realities independent of science. While science studies empirical facts, philosophy clarifies scientific language and theories. Both fields influence each other as science is not purely objective and philosophy reflects on scientific findings.
Science is a sphere of human activity in which objective knowledge about reality is developed and systematized theoretically. The main functions of science are explanatory and predictive functions. Science is a complex multifaceted integral phenomenon, and the process of development of scientific knowledge is not a unidirectional process, but a nonlinear one, characterized by multidirection. This is a process in which new growth points, diverse opportunities and situations of choice arise.
Science studies not only the surrounding reality, but also itself as a part of this reality. There is a whole complex of disciplines studying science, which includes the history and logic of science, psychology of scientific creativity, sociology of knowledge, etc. However, it is the philosophy of science that studies science as an integral phenomenon, exploring the general laws of scientific and cognitive activity, the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge, its levels and forms, its socio-cultural determination, means and methods of scientific cognition, ways of its justification and mechanisms of knowledge development.
The philosophy of science began to take shape in the middle of the twentieth century. As a scientific discipline, the philosophy of science differs from the direction in Western and domestic philosophy, which bears the same name and originated a century earlier.
Sociology aims to study society using scientific methods like those used in natural sciences. However, whether sociology can truly be considered a science is debated. Society consists of humans and human behavior/ideas, which are more difficult to study objectively and empirically compared to natural phenomena. Positivism approaches sociology as an objective, empirical science, while interpretivism argues human behavior has meaningful context beyond just observation and measurement. Ultimately, what constitutes valid knowledge and scientific truth depends on one's philosophical views about reality and the nature of human behavior.
This document discusses pragmatism and scientific freedom. It argues that pragmatism is a flexible approach that allows researchers to use what works best for their particular study. Pragmatism advocates using theories and approaches if they prove useful, without worrying about philosophical concepts like objective reality. Adopting pragmatism could help fight against rigid scientific structures and allow for more independent, free science. The document also discusses how science has been dominated by institutions and biased by money and politics. It argues that science should be free from such influences and restrictions on knowledge production and sharing.
This document discusses different methods, principles, and philosophical approaches used in the study of science. It outlines three main methods: empiricism which relies on observation and experimentation, rationalism which uses logic and deductive reasoning, and induction which generalizes data to form scientific laws. Key principles discussed are falsifiability, which asserts theories must be testable, and objectivity. Three philosophical approaches examined are scientific realism, constructivism which views science as socially constructed, and postmodernism which challenges notions of scientific objectivity. The document concludes that philosophical inquiry enhances understanding of science by providing critical analysis and perspectives on its nature, limitations, and social implications.
Theory is a conceptual framework that provides explanations, while research systematically generates new knowledge. Theories are developed through a process of hypothesis generation and testing via research. Research involves making observations and conducting experiments to collect empirical evidence, which can then be used to reformulate and refine existing theories or develop new ones. The relationship between theory and research is complementary and interdependent - research initiates and tests theories, while theories guide further research by identifying relationships to study.
Resrach methodology Mphil course for postgradatepptxdileepbaloch1
Research is a scientific and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic. It aims to find solutions to problems through objective analysis and is a process of knowledge discovery.
The document discusses different types of research including basic/fundamental research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, and others. It outlines the objectives, motivations, and importance of research.
It also covers literature reviews, which survey and critically evaluate published work on a topic to provide an overview for further research. Literature reviews assess the depth and breadth of prior research, identify gaps, and position new research in the existing field of study.
Science can be defined as the systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. It involves both a body of knowledge about the universe as well as the process of gathering new knowledge. Science can be divided into natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. It has both intellectual and practical benefits. Teaching science helps develop important skills in students like observation, critical thinking, and problem solving and encourages values like curiosity, open-mindedness and creativity. It prepares students for careers that require scientific and technological literacy.
Understanding the concept of social science researchrahuldon1
Research is a very powerful and thoughtful process. It enables a person, scholar, academician to explore beyond the horizon. This document will throw lights on the basic understanding of social science research and philosophy
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translationRosabel UA
The document outlines the process of pursuing a doctoral thesis, including:
1) Deciding to undertake a thesis requires scientific passion and perseverance to overcome obstacles through effort and sacrifice.
2) A doctoral thesis contributes new knowledge through original research on a justified topic that requires acquiring skills like designing innovative projects.
3) The PhD process involves developing a research plan, participating in training activities, annual evaluations, publishing research, and defending the thesis over 3-5 years depending on full or part-time enrollment.
Actividad transversal 2-bloque 2. Actualización 2024Rosabel UA
Este documento proporciona información sobre el proceso de realización de una tesis doctoral. Explica que la tesis doctoral es un trabajo de investigación original que genera nuevo conocimiento. También describe los pasos clave del proceso de doctorado, incluyendo la elaboración de un plan de investigación y formación, la evaluación anual y la defensa final de la tesis. Además, ofrece consejos sobre cómo mantenerse actualizado en la literatura del campo a través de recursos de información como alertas temáticas y redes sociales científicas.
Presentation Activity 2. Unit 3 transv.pptxRosabel UA
This document discusses implementing a gender perspective in research. It begins by defining key terms like sex, gender, and gender dimension. It explains that a gender perspective aims to take into account differences between men and women in all aspects of research. This includes the formulation of research questions and methodologies. The document lists three main reasons to include a gender perspective: to produce higher quality research, limit unconscious bias, and comply with regulatory mandates. It then discusses the concept of "gendered innovations" and provides checklists for analyzing sex and gender in various stages of the research process from problem identification to data dissemination. Finally, it lists some related case studies and readings on the topic.
Presentación Bloque 3 Actividad 2 transversal.pptxRosabel UA
El documento habla sobre la importancia de incluir la perspectiva de género en la investigación. Propone replantear las prioridades, conceptos y teorías de la investigación, así como formular preguntas de investigación que consideren cómo el género puede influir en los resultados. Además, recomienda analizar el sexo y el género en todas las fases de la investigación, desde el diseño hasta la difusión de los hallazgos, para evitar sesgos y obtener conocimientos más completos.
Este documento trata sobre conceptos teóricos de transferencia e innovación, el proceso de transferencia de conocimiento, la estructura de la Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (OTRI) en la Universidad de Alicante, la normativa relacionada con la transferencia de tecnología y las relaciones con la empresa. Explica los conceptos clave de transferencia, innovación y las funciones de la universidad. Además, describe el proceso de transferencia de conocimiento y las diferentes rutas para transferir tecnología a empresas, como licencias, proyectos
Este documento presenta información sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual e industrial y la protección de los resultados de investigación. Explica los diferentes tipos de derechos de propiedad (industrial e intelectual), las vías para proteger los resultados de investigación como patentes y secretos comerciales, y quién se beneficia de la explotación de dichos resultados. Además, cubre cómo transferir resultados a través de publicaciones de acceso abierto y licencias creativas, y cómo realizar investigación sin violar derechos de terceros al utilizar sus patentes u obras
El documento proporciona una introducción a los derechos de propiedad intelectual y cómo proteger los resultados de la investigación. Explica los diferentes tipos de derechos de propiedad intelectual como copyright, patentes y secretos comerciales. También cubre cómo publicar los resultados de la investigación sin infringir los derechos de terceros a través de licencias abiertas y el dominio público. El documento concluye resaltando el papel de la propiedad intelectual en la innovación y la sociedad.
Este documento presenta información sobre las empresas de base tecnológica (EBTs) de la Universidad de Alicante. Explica que las EBTs son empresas creadas para explotar comercialmente los resultados de investigación de la universidad. Detalla los servicios de la Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación para apoyar la creación de EBTs y el programa ua:emprende para fomentar la cultura emprendedora en la universidad.
This document summarizes tax incentives for research and entrepreneurship in Spain. It discusses direct and indirect tax incentives for R&D, including a tax credit for R&D expenses up to 25% and the patent box regime which provides a 60% reduction in taxable income from certain intangible assets. The document also outlines other incentives like accelerated depreciation for R&D assets and a tax credit for entrepreneurs who invest in startups. Finally, it discusses an allowance for social security contributions for companies' research staff.
El documento trata sobre los incentivos fiscales a la investigación y el emprendimiento en España. Explica la estructura del sistema tributario español y clasifica los incentivos fiscales a la I+D+i, como la deducción en cuota por actividades de I+D+i e innovación tecnológica, el régimen de patent box y la libertad de amortización de elementos afectos a I+D. También analiza incentivos para emprendedores como la deducción por inversión en empresas de nueva creación y la exención de ganancias patrimoniales rein
Este documento resume los modelos de financiación de la investigación en España. Explica la estructura de la investigación en la Universidad de Alicante y los diferentes programas y planes de financiación a nivel nacional e internacional, incluyendo Horizonte Europa, el Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación y el plan de la Comunidad Valenciana. Asimismo, detalla los conceptos de I+D+i, los agentes implicados en la investigación y los mecanismos de financiación públicos y privados.
El documento resume el origen, definición y función de los parques científicos, con un enfoque en el Parque Científico de Alicante. El PCA tiene como objetivo promover la innovación y el desarrollo económico en la región mediante la transferencia de conocimiento entre la Universidad de Alicante y las empresas. Ofrece servicios e infraestructuras de apoyo a empresas basadas en el conocimiento en sectores como la biotecnología, sostenibilidad y TIC. El PCA busca impulsar un cambio de modelo productivo aprovechando
Este documento presenta información sobre las empresas de base tecnológica (EBTs) de la Universidad de Alicante. Explica que las EBTs son empresas creadas para explotar comercialmente los resultados de investigación de la universidad. La Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (OTRI) apoya el proceso de creación de EBTs. Finalmente, se describe brevemente el programa ua:emprende de la universidad, que fomenta la cultura emprendedora y apoya la creación de startups y EBTs entre estudiantes e investigadores
Este documento presenta información sobre el modelo de transferencia de tecnología y la legislación universitaria. Explica conceptos clave como la transferencia de tecnología, la innovación tecnológica y los modelos de transferencia e innovación. También describe el proceso de transferencia de tecnología, la estructura de la Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación de la Universidad de Alicante y la normativa relacionada con la transferencia de tecnología.
El documento proporciona una introducción a los derechos de propiedad intelectual y cómo proteger los resultados de la investigación. Explica los diferentes tipos de derechos de propiedad intelectual como copyright, patentes y marcas. Detalla cómo la universidad es propietaria de los resultados de la investigación realizada por su personal y cómo se distribuyen los beneficios. También cubre temas como publicaciones de acceso abierto y cómo desarrollar investigación sin infringir los derechos de terceros a través de licencias creativas comunes u otras limitaciones y excepc
This document summarizes tax incentives in Spain for research and development (R&D) and entrepreneurship. It discusses the R&D tax credit that allows a deduction of 25-42% of R&D expenses. It also describes the patent box regime which provides a 60% reduction in taxable income from certain intellectual property. Other incentives discussed include accelerated depreciation for R&D assets, tax credits for investing in startups, and allowances for social security contributions for research staff.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Lesson 1
1. Lesson: Concept, characteristics
and aim of the scientific
research. Ethics and integrity in
scientific research
Common cross-curricular activities
Activity 2 >Section 1
3. Index
1. Research
2. Research in the University
3. What is science? Theorical approach
4. Ethics and integrity in scientific
research
4. OVERVIEW
Research
Research in the University
What is science? Teorical approach
Classification of the sciences
Areas of knowledge
Ethics and integrity in scientific research
Ethics in research and publication
Practical cases
6. RESEARCH
• Etymology: The word investigate comes from the Latin word investigare
which is derived from vestigium, meaning ”in the footprints of”, meaning "to
look for clues".
• Research (Spanish Royal Academy)
3. intr. To carry out intellectual and experimental activities in a systematic
manner with the objective of increasing knowledge on a certain topic.
• Characteristics of Research: reflexive, systematic and methodical
• Purpose of Research: generation of innovative knowledge, products,
processes, methods and novel systems, as well as the transfer of both
technological and humanistic knowledge.
9. • ORGANIC LAW OF UNIVERSITIES (Organic Law 6/2001)
• Article 39. Research and transfer of knowledge. Functions of the university.
• 1. Scientific research is an essential foundation of teaching and a primordial tool for social
development through the transfer of its results to society. As such, it constitutes an essential
function of the university, derived from its key role in the generation of knowledge and its
capacity to stimulate and generate critical thought, key to all scientific processes.
• 2. Freedom of research is recognised and guaranteed in the university environment.
• 3. One of the essential objectives of the university is the development of scientific,
technical and artistic research and the transfer of knowledge to society, as well as the
training of researchers, and will focus on both basic research and applied research.
RESEARCH IN THE UNIVERSITY
10. RESEARCH IN THE UNIVERSITY
• THE DOCTORATE (Royal Decree 99/2011)
It must play a fundamental role as an intersection between the European Higher
Education Area (EHEA) and the European Research Area (ERA), both fundamental pillars of
society based on knowledge. The research must have a clear importance as an integral
part of the university higher education and the mobility must be valued in both the
doctoral and post-doctoral phase as an essential part of the education of young researchers.
The process of change of the productive model towards a sustainable economy
needs doctors as principal actors in society for the generation, transfer and adaptation of
the R&D&I. The doctors must play an essential role in all institutions involved in the
innovation and research, in order to lead the transfer of the knowledge to the well-being of
society.
12. WHAT IS SCIENCE? THEORETICAL
APPROACH
“Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch
which illuminates the world. Science is the highest personification of the nation”
Louis Pasteur (Dôle, France 1822 - Marnes-la-Coquette, France 1895; chemist and bacteriologist)
From the lat. scientia.
1. f. Collection of knowledge obtained through observation and reasoning,
systematically structured and of which general laws and principles are
deduced which can be predicted and verified through experiments.
In science, the explanations must be made in such a way that they can be
subject to empirical tests, a process which must include the possibility of
rebuttal.
The dividing line between non-scientific thinking and scientific thinking is that the
first does not require proof, while for the second evidence is essentialt. When a
scientific theory is false, by essence it cannot be proven, only rebutted.
13. WHAT IS SCIENCE? THEORETICAL
APPROACH
• It therefore follows that knowledge is not definitive, to the extent that it can
change when new, better established ideas prove this. Two conclusions: science
is fallible (Bunge, 1996) and progressive: a scientific theory is often replaced by
another that is more complete, more accurate and more comprehensive.
• Difference between the truth and the consideration of value
"The history of science shows that theories are perishable. With every new truth that is
revealed we get a better understanding of Nature and our conceptions and views are
modified.”
Nikola Tesla (Smiljan, Austrian Empire, present day Croatia, 1856-New York,1943; inventer, mechanical, electrical
and physical engineer)
14. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES
• "Science" should be used as a single term to cover all disciplines.
• In practice, we find several classifications. The most universal distinguishes between:
Formal sciences: these are based on the deductive method and their purpose is to
prove theorems and postulates. E.g.: Logic and mathematics.
Factual sciences: these are based on the perception and observation of the exterior
world, on human experience. Their reasoning is, basically, inductive, ranging from particular
to general. They have the objective of verification, which leads to the generation of
temporary knowledge, which is accepted as truth until new reasoning or techniques permit
the formulation of more coherent or extended explanations for a phenomenon, or until a
particular case is recognised which does not comply with the rule. E.g.: Physics, chemistry,
biology, ecology, etc.
Social or human sciences: in these sciences, the enunciation of laws is limited, given
that man's actions are conditioned by will, a situation that does not occur, or is less
frequent, in other sciences. The social sciences are also called human sciences, studying the
human or social facts that have value, sense and purpose. Study methods: Abstraction,
deduction, dialectic and others. E.g.: Sociology, economy, education, psychology, etc.
15. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES
Science
Formal
Logic Mathematics
Factual
Natural
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
…
Cultural
Sociology
Economy
Education
Psychology
…
Classification according to Mario Bunge
17. AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE
International nomenclature by the UNESCO for the fields of Science
and Technology
Fields:
These refer to more general sections. They are coded with two digits and
cover various disciplines.
Disciplines:
These imply a general description of speciality groups in Science and
Technology. They are sections coded with four digits. Despite being
different from each other, the disciplines with crossed references, or
within the same field, are considered to have common characteristics.
Sub-disciplines:
These are the most specific entries in the nomenclature and represent
the activities that are carried out within a discipline. They are coded with
six digits. At the same time, they must correspond to the individual
specialities in Science and Technology.
18. AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE
http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.8ce192e94ba842bea3bc811001432ea0/?vgn
extoid=363ac9487fb02210VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD&vgnextchannel=28fb282978ea0210VgnVC
M1000001034e20aRCRD
11 Logic
12 Mathematics
21 Astronomy and astrophysics
22 Physics
23 Chemistry
24 Life Sciences
25 Earth and Space Sciences
31 Agricultural Science
32 Medical Science
33 Technological Science
51 Anthropology
52 Demography
53 Economical Science
54 Geography
55 History
56 Legal Science and Law
57 Linguistics
58 Pedagogy
59 Political Science
61 Psychology
62 Art and Humanity Sciences
63 Sociology
71 Ethics
72 Philosophy
11 LOGIC
1101 Applications of logic
1102 Deductive logic
1103 General logic
1104 Inductive logic
1105 Methodology
1199 Other specialities relative to logic
(specify)
1102 DEDUCTIVE LOGIC
110201 ANALOGY
110202 BOOLE ALGEBRA
110203 FORMAL LOGIC
110204 FORMALISED LANGUAGES
110205 FORMAL SYSTEMS
110206 FUNDAMENTALS OF
MATHEMATICS
110207 GENERALISATION
110208 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
110209 MODAL LOGIC
110210 THEORY OF MODELS
110211 THEORY OF TESTS
110212 PROPOSITIONAL CALCULATION
110213 RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS
110214 SYMBOLIC LOGIC
110215 THEORY OF FORMAL
LANGUAGES
110299 OTHERS (SPECIFY)
19. OVERVIEW
Research
Research in the University
What is science? Teorical approach
Classification of the sciences
Areas of knowledge
Ethics and integrity in scientific research
Ethics in research and publication
Practical cases
21. ETHICS AND INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
After the Second World War, one of the Nuremberg courts led the trial of Doctors, which
processed various Nazi medical professionals for carrying out experiments on prisoners
in the concentration camps.
The Nuremberg court revealed the importance of scientists acting within the limits of
ethics. Its decision constituted the basis for modern applied ethics.
The court thus concluded the numbering of a ten point code of ethics for
experimentation on humans known as the Code of Nuremberg.
Some years later, the World Medical Association (WMA), in a meeting held in Helsinki in
1964, enacted the Helsinki Declaration as a proposal for ethical principles for medical
research on human beings, including the spirit of the Nuremberg Code in order to
perfect it from a procedural and substantive point of view.
Through its successive versions, the Declaration became a cornerstone of international
reference for ethics in biomedical research.
22. ETHICS AND INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
Law 14/2011, dated June 1st, on Science, Technology and Innovation
Article 10. Spanish Research Ethics Committee
1. The Spanish Research Ethics Committee was created, adhered to the Council
for Scientific, Technological and Innovation Policy, as a collegiate body,
independent with an advisory nature, on topics related to professional ethics in
scientific and technical research.
2. The functions of the Spanish Research Ethics Committee are: a) To issue
reports, proposals and recommendations on topics related to professional ethics
in scientific and technical research. b) To establish the general principles for the
elaboration of codes of good practice in scientific and technical research,
including the resolution of conflicts of interest between public and private
activities. These codes will be developed by the Research Ethics Committee and
by the Spanish Bioethics Committee. c) To represent Spain in supranational and
international forums and organisations related to research ethics, except for
bioethics, where the representation of Spain will correspond to the Spanish
Bioethics Committee. d) To promote the creation of ethics committees linked to
the enforcement agents of the Spanish System of Science, Technology and
Innovation. e) To create an annual report on activities. f) Any others requested by
the Council of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Policy or the development
regulations of this law.
23. ETHICS AND INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
Research Ethics Committee at the University of Alicante
The projects that imply research with human beings, use of personal
data, biological samples of human origin, experimentation with
animals, biological agents or that use genetically modified
organisms must have express authorisation issued by the Ethics
Committee in the centre where the research is to be carried out.
25. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Authorship
Author: The person that made considerable intellectual contributions
to a published study.
Responsibilities of the authors:
Only report real data, not invented or altered.
Originality.
Avoid plagiarism.
Declare any conflict of interest.
Present the work to be considered to one journal at a time.
26. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Poor scientific conduct
Fabrication, falsification or plagiarism when proposing, performing or
reviewing research, or when communicating the results of research.
(a) Fabrication: Inventing data or results and recording or presenting them.
(b) Falsification: Manipulating research materials, equipment or processes.
Changing or omitting data or results.
(c) Plagiarism: Appropriation of the ideas, processes, results or words of
another person.
(d) Poor conduct in the research does not include honest errors or
differences of opinion.
27. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Plagiarism
Literal copy
This is only acceptable if the source is indicated and the copied text is between quote marks.
Substantial copy
This can include research materials, processes, tables or equipment.
"Substantial" can be defined as either the quantity or quality of what has been copied. If a piece
includes the essence of another person's work, it should be stated, quoting the original source.
Paraphrasing
Reproducing another person's ideas but without copying them word for word, without
permission and indicating the original source.
Paraphrasing is only acceptable if the source is correctly indicated and the intended meaning of
the source is not changed.
Self-Plagiarism
Reproducing parts of the work from an article and sending it again for republication as a
completely new piece.
28. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Tools for detecting plagiarism.
Free programs
• DOCODE: permits analysis of two documents per day against others that exist
online.
• Copyscape: searches for online copies of a website from a URL.
• Plagium: searches for identical or similar copies of an introduced text.
• PlagScan: files can be uploaded or text can be entered directly. Returns results in
order of preference.
• The Plagiarism Checker: shows the websites where the introduced text can be
found.
• Dupli Checker: compares the text introduced with documents on the internet.
• Plagiarisma: works on Windows, Android and BlackBerry.
• ArticleChecker: compares text and websites on the Google and Yahoo search
engines.
• TinEye: search engines for reverse images.
• Viper: software that permits comparison of documents with others online and with
own documents.
• Antiplagiarist: software that permits verification of fragments of copied text from
documents.
29. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Tool available on UA Cloud for teachers
30. ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
Poor conduct in Research. Possible causes
Professional pressure:
Pressure to publish
Pressure to publish, to be first and to have an impact is a factor that can lead
to errors, pressured generalisations or even fraud.
‘Publish or Perish’
Pressure to find funding
The publication bias by journal editors: Search for interesting and
propositional articles.
There can be a preference for articles that show a certain interesting or
important correlation over those that do not. Both types of articles, however,
are important for science.
31. Van Noorden, R. (2011). The trouble with retractions. Nature, 478(7367), 26.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
32. Van Noorden, R. (2011). The trouble with retractions. Nature, 478(7367), 26.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
33. Wager, E., & Williams, P. (2011). Why and how do journals
retract articles? An analysis of Medline retractions 1988–
2008. J Med Ethics. 37(9):567-70
ETHICS IN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION
35. David R. Koepsell, Manuel H Ruiz de Chávez. Ética de la Investigación, Integridad Científica
2015. Comisión Nacional de Bioética/Secretaría de Salud. Mexico.
http://www.cooperacionib.org/libro-etica-de-la-Investigacion-gratuito.pdf
Declaración nacional sobre integridad científica:
http://www.crue.org/Documentos%20compartidos/Informes%20y%20Posicionamientos/Declaraci
%C3%B3n%20Nacional%20Integridad%20Cient%C3%ADfica_.pdf
Red de comités de ética de universidades y organismos públicos de investigación
http://www.ub.edu/rceue/index.htm
Comité de ética de la investigación de la Universidad de Alicante
https://sstti.ua.es/es/comite-etica/presentacion.html
International Center for Academic Integrity:
http://www.academicintegrity.org/icai/home.php
The office of research integrity:
https://ori.hhs.gov/
“What Constitutes Plagiarism?” Harvard Guide to Using Sources
https://usingsources.fas.harvard.edu/what-constitutes-plagiarism
Elsiever Publishing Campus:
https://www.publishingcampus.elsevier.com/