Research is a very powerful and thoughtful process. It enables a person, scholar, academician to explore beyond the horizon. This document will throw lights on the basic understanding of social science research and philosophy
OBJECTIVITY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Ruby Med Plus
Objectivity is considered as an ideal for scientific inquiry, as a good reason for valuing scientific knowledge, and as the foundation of the authority of science in society. It expresses the thought that the claims, methods and results of science are not, or should not be influenced by particular perspectives, value commitments, community bias or personal interests, to name a few significant factors. Scientific objectivity is a feature of scientific claims, methods and results.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Applied research is a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science. It accesses and uses some part of the research communities' (the academia's) accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a specific, often state-, business-, or client-driven purpose.
OBJECTIVITY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Ruby Med Plus
Objectivity is considered as an ideal for scientific inquiry, as a good reason for valuing scientific knowledge, and as the foundation of the authority of science in society. It expresses the thought that the claims, methods and results of science are not, or should not be influenced by particular perspectives, value commitments, community bias or personal interests, to name a few significant factors. Scientific objectivity is a feature of scientific claims, methods and results.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Applied research is a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science. It accesses and uses some part of the research communities' (the academia's) accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a specific, often state-, business-, or client-driven purpose.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Understanding the concept of social science research
1. UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE,
RESEARCH & PHILOSOPHY
SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH
SW-315
3 LECTURE HOURS
Rahul. K. Shakya
MPhil Candidate
MSW, BA
2. COURSE OF STUDY
Concept and practice of research in social sciences.
Social Work research - concept and characteristics.
Similarities and differences with social science research.
Types of research : Barefoot research, Baseline survey,
Participatory action research , Evaluation research,
Anthropological / Ethnographic research, Feminist research,
social emersion and culture shock.
Understanding the concepts of methodology, methods tools
and techniques in research practice.
3. COURSE OF STUDY
Research perspectives and approaches: Diachronic, Synchronic
approaches; Etic and Emic perspective
Qualitative and Quantitative in research social science.
Research process- Identification of research problems formulation of
objectives,, research design and conceptual, identification of variables,
formation of hypothesis/research questions, sampling design, tools and
methods of data collection , data collection ( individual based, group
based observation based, document based) data processing data analysis
report writing and presentation.
Use of simple statistical method in social research: measures of central
tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation, chi-square test
4. UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH
The concept of research differs
Business Research
Graduate Students Research
Television News Channel Research
Social Research
Scientific Research
Online Research
5. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
However a Scientific Research should:
“Contribute to the body of Science”
&
“Follow Scientific Method”
6. WHAT IS SCIENCE?
It may refer to a difficult high school subject.
Only for the bright students
A craft practiced by scientists using special
equipment.
8. UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE
Systematic and organized body of knowledge.
It is acquired using scientific method.
Divided into two categories:
Natural Science & Social Science
9. NATURAL SCIENCE: A GLIMPSE
Naturally occurring objects of phenomena
Examples: Light, objects, matter, earth, celestial
bodies or human bodies.
Further categorized into: Physical, Earth and
Life Science
10. NATURAL SCIENCE: A GLIMPSE
Physical Science: Physics, Chemistry and
Astronomy
Earth Science: Geology
Life Science: Biology & Botany
11. SOCIAL SCIENCE
Science of people or collection of people.
Example: Groups, firms, societies of economies.
Study of individual or collective behavior.
Classified into Psychology, Sociology,
Economics……
12. SOCIAL SCIENCE
Psychology: Science of Human Behaviors
Sociology: Science of Human Groups
Economics: Science of firms, markets and
economies….)
13. NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
Natural and Social Science differs in many
ways.
Natural Science are very precise, accurate,
deterministic and independent.
Example: Weighing an object
Two students conducting same experiment
14. NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
Measuring a phenomena in Social Science is
different.
Example: Happiness of a person
There are no accurate measurement of
happiness
“Likert Scale tends to measure emotions,
feelings, etc.
15. SCIENCE ON PURPOSE
Basic or Pure Science
“Explains basic objects, relationship between them and laws
governing them”
Example: Physics, Mathematics, Biology
Applied Science
“Apply scientific knowledge from basic sciences in physical
environments”
Example: Engineering, Social Work
16. SCIENCE ON PURPOSE
Both are required for human development.
Applied science cannot stand on their own
right
Applied science relies on basic science for
progress.
17. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Purpose of science is to create scientific
knowledge.
Generalized body of laws(observed patterns of a
phenomena) and theories(Systematic explanations
of phenomena)
Explain a phenomenon or behavior of interest
Acquired through scientific knowledge
18. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
There are multiple truths
Discovers laws and postulate theories that can
explain natural and social phenomena
Theories explanations of particular phenomena
19. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Theories and observations are two pillars of
science.
Scientific Research Operates at two levels:
Theoretical and Empirical Level
20. THEORETICAL LEVEL
Concerned with developing abstract concepts,
about a natural or social phenomena.
Develop relationships between those concepts
Focuses on building theory
21. EMPIRICAL LEVEL
Testing the theoretical concepts and
relationships
Reflect the observation of reality
Fits the observed reality better
22. FORMS OF RESEARCH
Inductive Research
“Infer theoretical concepts and patterns from
observed data”
Deductive Research
Test concepts and patterns known from theory
using new empirical data
23. FORMS OF RESEARCH
Inductive is Theory Building, Deductive is
Theory Testing which improves, refines and
extends it.
They are not two halves of research.
They both are critical.
27. PHILOSOPHY
Scientific research are based on philosophical ideas
What is Philosophy?
Small ‘p’ individual's agency, individual consciousness, awareness,
ideas, thoughts, habitus. The philosophy of individual actor/s guide
their actions
Capital ‘P’ established ideas or well known thought systems or set
of beliefs or world views emerged either through reasoning
process or empirically proven facts
28. PHILOSOPHY
Diverse meaning and difficult to define
Greek “Philos” means Lover; “Sophia” means Wisdom.
Love for knowledge
Explains social realities and truth
Meaning of Life and nature of being.
A search for meanings and truths.
30. METAPHYSICS OR ONTOLOGY
Nature of being, or form of reality; existence of
truth.
Foundation of worldview; “What is?” or
“isness”
Single Vs Multiple realities.
Subjective realities- changeable realities
31. EPISTEMOLOGY
is study of our method of acquiring knowledge or
realities.
Answers how do we know
Way of knowing the reality
35. Research Methods in Social Work
Multiple Choice Questions
Unit 1 Understanding The concept of Social Science, Research & Philosophy
Sno Questions A B C D
1 Scientific knowledge contributes to the body of Science Social science Theory building Empirical Theory
2 Research Follows___________Method Scientific Universal Phenomenal Actual
3 Science is ___________ of knowledge Procedural body Natural body Systematic and organized
body
Scientific body
4 Two Types of science are Physical and
Chemical
Biological and Natural Natural and Social Social and biological
5 Physical Science is Geology Astronomy Biology Botany
6 ______________is social science Psychology Engineering Physics Biology
7 ______________ are the purpose of science Basic and aggregate Applied and Extracted Basic and Applied Purposive and unpurposive
8 Purpose of Science is to create_________ New matters Scientific knowledge experiments Research
9 __________ are two pillars of science Theory and Art Theory and knowledge Theory and observation Theory and practice
10 Research operates at two levels Axiological and
Ontological
Empirical and Theoretical Empirical and Practical Higher and Lower
11 Forms of Research_____________ Critical and Surficial Inductive and Deductive Holistic and Integrated Collective and Individual
12 Inductive is_______________ Theory Testing Theory Generating Theory Proving Theory Building
13 Deductive is_______________ Theory Testing Theory Generating Theory Proving Theory Building
14 Unlike Natural Science, social science is______________ More Phenomenal Never Actual Not Perfect Always gradual
15 _______________ are based on philosophical ideas Art and Skills Phenomenal studies Opinions Scientific Research
16 Philos means lover, Sophia means Divine Intellectual Wisdom Smart
17 _____________ is a scope of Philosophy Axiology Phenomenology Ethnography Reacher Expert
18 Ontology is Form of Reality Method of acquiring
knowledge
The study of Value Understanding Reality
19 Epistemology is Form of Reality Method of acquiring
knowledge
The study of Value Understanding Reality
20 Axiology is Form of Reality Method of acquiring The study of Value Understanding Reality
