Leptosprosis are diseases caused by leptospira a bacterial infection, affected in all age group people but mostly seen in males. Fever produced by diseases is generally for 7 days, hence also called "7days fever"

1. LEPTOSPIROSIS
Presenter – Dr. Pranjal Jain

2. INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSIS
INVESTIGATION
TREATMENT
CONTENTS
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Leptosprosis are diseases caused by leptospira.
 Also known as field fever, eye catherʼs, 7days fever,
cane field fever.
 Host – L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. Hardjo, L. canicola
 L. icterohaemorrhagiae caused by rat and other
rodents. Also called Weilʼs diseases.
 L. canicola caused by dogs and pigs. Less sever than
Weilʼs diseases.
 L. Hardjo caused by cattle.
 Incubation period – 10days range being 4-21 days.
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4.  Infection occurs direct by contact with urine or tissue
of an infected animal or indirectly through
contaminated water, soil or vegetables.
 Portals of entry – Abraded skin especially feet,
conjunctival, nasal and oral mucus membrane.
 Age – all age group
 Season – more common in hot weather.
 Sex – more common in males.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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5. Leptospirosis 5

6.  The disease is characterized by haemorrhages which
are very prominent in skeletal muscle, kidneys, liver.
 In skeletal there is swelling , vacuolation, focal necrotic
changes
 In kidney there is dilation of distal convulated tubules
leading to necrosis, rupture of basement membrane,
intertestinal oedema.
 In liver there is cloudy swelling of heapatocytes,
enlargement of kuffer cells. There may be
haemorrhagic myocarditis and patchey hemorrhagic
pneumonitis.
PATHOLOGY
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7. Phase 1 (Leptospiremic )
During first phase there is leptospermia with leptospira
in blood and CSF
Characteristic –
1. Headache 6.Photophobia
2. Myalgia 7. pharyngeal infection
3. Anorexia 8. skin rashes
4. Fever with chills and rigors 9. lymphadenopathy
5. Cough 10. neck stiffness
This phase subside in 4-5 days
CLINICAL FEATURES
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8. Phase 2 – (immune phase)
This phase occurs with the appearance of circulating
antibodies of IgM.
It appears after 1-3days of asymptomatic period.
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9.  Demonstration of leptospira from blood and CSFin first
phase
 Urine in second phase
DIAGNOSIS
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10. 1. A rising titre of specific leptospiral antibodies is found
from 2nd week onwards.
2. LFT – hepatocellular damage
3. Urine – protein, red blood cells
4. In severe condition blood urea level rise
INVESTIGATION
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11. 1. Correction of water and electrolyte imbalance
2. Crystalline Penicillin one mega unit 4hrly for 2days
and gradually reduced for next 10 days.
3. Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol Doxycycline, Gentamycin
TREATMENT
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