Preventive Medicine

1. SWINE VESICULAR DISEASE
SUBASH CHHETRI
ROLL NO:38
B.Vsc & A.H:8th Sem

2. INTRODUCTION
 Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) is typically a transient
disease of pigs in which vesicular lesions appear
mainly in coronary band, mouth, lips , teats and snout.
 Contagious viral disease usually mild in nature.
 It does not cause severe production losses, and recent
outbreaks of infection have been mainly subclinical

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 The disease was first identified in Italy in 1966 and
subsequently in Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and 16
countries in Europe.
 Although infection in laboratory workers has occurred,
and the virus may be present in sheep or cattle, pigs are
said to be the only natural host.
 Eradication from Japan in mid-1970.
 Eradication in most European countries by mid-1980.
 Sporadic outbreak reported in some European countries
during 1990s and in Portugal in 2003,2004,2005.
 Disease is not reported in Nepal.

4. ETIOLOGY
 Enterovirus (+) ss-RNA
Family : Picornaviridae.
 Belongs to species human enterovirus B and believed to
be evolved from human pathogen coxsackievirus B5 .
 Resistant to wide ph(2-12), acid stable.
 Morbidity: 100%
 Mortality not common.
 Virus can survive for 560 days in lymph nodes in ham.

5. TRANSMISSION
 SVD virus is transmitted by direct or indirect contact
 By feeding infected pork or pork products.
 Infection can give rise to viremia and generalized
vesicles that contain large amounts of virus.

6. PATHOGENESIS
Feco-oral route
Virus enters oropharynx and cause initial
infection of epithelial cells
Virus reaches GI-tract and replicates in sub-
mucosal lymphoid tissue(acid –stable)

7. Primary viremia
Replication in spleen , lymph nodes .
Secondary viremia
Infection in target organs like skin and
sometimes CNS also.

8. CLINICAL SIGNS
 Incubation period: 2-7 days
 Fresh or healing vesicular lesion at junction between heel and
coronary band then spread to encircle digits. Less often in
mouth , lips , teats or snout.
 Fever 106 ◦C up to 2-3 days.
 Vesicles rupture to shallow erosions and cause ulcer
formation.
 Sudden appearance of lameness in several pigs of a herd.
 Nervous signs are rare.
 The lesions may be mild or in apparent, especially when pigs
are kept on soft bedding.

9. In Humans
 Flu-like illness
 Generalized disease with weakness, abdominal pain and
myalgia

10. Post-mortem lesions
 Vesicles are the only visible lesions around coronary
band , feet , snout , teats.

11. SVD

12. DIAGNOSIS
 Clinical signs
 Post mortem lesions
 Diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests on epithelial
samples, feces, or serum.
 Serology is by antibody-detection ELISA or virus
neutralization test

13. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 There are no commercial vaccines experimental vaccines
have been developed.
 Because this disease can be confused with FMD, the aim
should be to eradicate it.
 Eradication involves the depopulation of infected herds
and with disinfection of premises with strong alkalies.

14. Contd.
 Control of pig movements, sterilisation of swills and
fomites are essential to successful eradication

15. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. FMD
2. Vesicular stomatitis
3. Vesicular exanthema of swine

17. THANK YOU
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