Tuberculosis as a nosocomial disease pathogenesis symptoms treatment

2. TUBERCULOSIS: As a
Nosocomial Infection
By
TOOBA LARAIB
MICRO 7th
Roll No: 167510

3. Talk Sequence
 Nosocomial Infections
 Tuberculosis; overview
 Types of TB
 Transmission
 Pathogenesis
 Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment

4. Nosocomial Infections
Nosus: disease
Komeion: to take care of

5. Tuberculosis
 Tuberculosis is an infectious and
communicable disease.
 Usually affects the lungs though it can
spread to other parts of body.
 Causative agent of Tuberculosis is
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

7. Types of Tuberculosis
Active TB
• Bacteria are multiplying and
attacking part of body ( Lungs)
Latent TB
• Bacteria are alive but are
inactive

8. Transmission of Tuberculosis
 Transmission occurs from one person to
another through airborne particles called as
Droplet Nuclei.
 Droplet nuclei remain in air
 Transmitted when other person inhales
these nuclei.

9. LAUGH
TALK
SNEEZE
COUGH

10. Pathogenesis

15. Clinical Findings
 Coughing that lasts three or more
weeks.
 Coughing up blood.
 Chest pain, or pain with breathing or
coughing.
 Unintentional weight loss.
 Fatigue.
 Fever.
 Night sweats.
 Chills

16. Laboratory diagnosis
 Traditional methods
ZN
Staining
Fluorescence
Microscopy
Tuberculin
Test
Chest X RAY Culture

17. Tuberculin Test
 Also called PPD, Mantoux Test.
 Tuberculin is injected into the layers of
dermis
 For previously exposed persons, there
will be immune reaction
 Positive Test: Large area of induration

19. ZN Staining

20. Chest XRAY

21. Fluorescence Microscopy

22. Bacterial Culture

23. Serological Tests
 Detection of TB Antibodies by ICT

24. Treatment

25.  For Latent TB
Single drug such as Isoniazid for 9
months
 For Active TB
Combination of antibiotics, which make
patient non-infectious within weeks

26. Drug resistant strains
MDR-TB~ Multi
drug resistant TB
XDR-TB~
Extremely drug
resistant TB
Harder to treat ~ Don't die with
usual antibiotics
Make sure drugs work against
specific strain
Multiple medications used at
same time

27. Precautions
 Houses should be adequately
ventilated;
 Anyone who coughs should be
educated on cough etiquette and
respiratory hygiene, and should follow
such practice at all times
 Use of N-95 masks