Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and nerves, causing disfiguring skin lesions and damage to the peripheral nerves. It is transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth during close, prolonged contact with untreated cases. Early signs include numbness and loss of sensation. While treatment with multidrug therapy can cure the disease and stop transmission, it does not reverse existing nerve damage or disability. Controlling and preventing leprosy involves detecting cases early, treating with multidrug therapy, contact tracing, and health education.