This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
Objective:
The Self-Test can help you to become more aware of your confidence and understanding of your emotional intelligence skills.
Identifying Emotions: Your score indicates how you feel about identifying emotions accurately. Do you attend to this source of data, or do you ignore it? And if you do try to figure other people out, are your guesses accurate or not?
Using Emotions: Your score gives you an idea or whether you use your feelings to help you gain insight into others or to enhance the way you decide and think.
Understanding Emotions: Your score for this set of questions helps you better understand the depth of your emotional knowledge.
Managing Emotions: Your score on managing emotions indicates the extent to which you allow your feelings to positively affect your decision-making.
Child Development (The Milestone of Every Children)-Infancy, Childhood,Factors that Influence the Development of Every Child,Child Development Progress,Areas of Development, guide to how children develop within the following age ranges
by Mary Krystle Dawn D. Sulleza
Objective:
The Self-Test can help you to become more aware of your confidence and understanding of your emotional intelligence skills.
Identifying Emotions: Your score indicates how you feel about identifying emotions accurately. Do you attend to this source of data, or do you ignore it? And if you do try to figure other people out, are your guesses accurate or not?
Using Emotions: Your score gives you an idea or whether you use your feelings to help you gain insight into others or to enhance the way you decide and think.
Understanding Emotions: Your score for this set of questions helps you better understand the depth of your emotional knowledge.
Managing Emotions: Your score on managing emotions indicates the extent to which you allow your feelings to positively affect your decision-making.
Child Development (The Milestone of Every Children)-Infancy, Childhood,Factors that Influence the Development of Every Child,Child Development Progress,Areas of Development, guide to how children develop within the following age ranges
by Mary Krystle Dawn D. Sulleza
Dave Rocker: Neuromyths: Misunderstandings About The Brain Dave Rocker
Popular culture has taught us to believe many facts about the brain. For example, one of the most common misunderstandings is that logical, linear-thinking people are left-brain dominant, while those of us who are creative and artistic are right-brain dominant. Other neuromyths have also been widely accepted. Dave Rocker explains some of the most popular neuromyths about the brain.
The Brain That Changes Itself Stories of Personal Triumph fr.docxtodd541
The Brain That Changes Itself
Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science
NORMAN DOIDGE, M.D.
For Eugene L. Goldberg, M.D., because you said you might like to read it
Contents
1 A Woman Perpetually Falling . . .
Rescued by the Man Who Discovered the Plasticity of Our Senses
2 Building Herself a Better Brain
A Woman Labeled "Retarded" Discovers How to Heal Herself
3 Redesigning the Brain
A Scientist Changes Brains to Sharpen Perception and Memory, Increase
Speed of Thought, and Heal Learning Problems
4 Acquiring Tastes and Loves
What Neuroplasticity Teaches Us About Sexual Attraction and Love
5 Midnight Resurrections
Stroke Victims Learn to Move and Speak Again
6 Brain Lock Unlocked
Using Plasticity to Stop Worries, OPsessions, Compulsions, and Bad Habits
7 Pain
The Dark Side of Plasticity
8 Imagination
How Thinking Makes It So
9 Turning Our Ghosts into Ancestors
Psychoanalysis as a Neuroplastic Therapy
10 Rejuvenation
The Discovery of the Neuronal Stem Cell and Lessons for Preserving Our
Brains
11 More than the Sum of Her Parts
A Woman Shows Us How Radically Plastic the Brain Can Be
Appendix 1
The Culturally Modified Brain
Appendix 2
Plasticity and the Idea of Progress
Note to the Reader
All the names of people who have undergone neuroplastic transformations are
real, except in the few places indicated, and in the cases of children and their
families.
The Notes and References section at the end of the book includes comments on
both the chapters and the appendices.
Preface
This book is about the revolutionary discovery that the human brain can change
itself, as told through the stories of the scientists, doctors, and patients who have
together brought about these astonishing transformations. Without operations or
medications, they have made use of the brain's hitherto unknown ability to
change. Some were patients who had what were thought to be incurable brain
problems; others were people without specific problems who simply wanted to
improve the functioning of their brains or preserve them as they aged. For four
hundred years this venture would have been inconceivable because mainstream
medicine and science believed that brain anatomy was fixed.
The common wisdom was that after childhood the brain changed only when it
began the long process of decline; that when brain cells failed to develop properly,
or were injured, or died, they could not be replaced. Nor could the brain ever
alter its structure and find a new way to function if part of it was damaged. The
theory of the unchanging brain decreed that people who were born with brain or
mental limitations, or who sustained brain damage, would be limited or damaged
for life.
Scientists who wondered if the healthy brain might be improved or preserved
through activity or mental exercise were told not to waste their time, A
neurological nihilism — a sense that treatment f.
Human brain understanding the complex structureAnupama Saha
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, along with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem as well as the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and guarded by, the skull bones of the head.
The cerebrum is the largest of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of the white matter. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and performance, some functions are related to one side, like language within the left and visual-spatial ability on the right. The hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by pairs of tracts. Underneath the cerebral cortex are several important structures, including the thalamus, the epithalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the subthalamus; the limbic structures, including the amygdala as well as the hippocampus; the claustrum, various nuclei of the basal ganglia; the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons within the brain. Brain activity is possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems. The whole circuitry is driven by the method of neurotransmission.
The study of the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the study of its function is neuroscience. Numerous techniques are used to study the brain. Medical imaging technologies like functional neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are important in studying the brain. The medical history of people with a brain injury has provided insight into the function of each part of the brain.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Left Brain vs Right Brain/
Understanding the Myth of Left Brain and
Right Brain Dominance
By
Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd)
Ref-About.com
2. Introduction
Inspite of popularity of the idea of "right brained" and "left
brained“, this idea is little more than a myth.
What Is Left Brain - Right Brain Theory?
According to the theory of left-brain or right-brain dominance,
each side of the brain controls different types of thinking.
◦ Additionally, people are said to prefer one type of thinking over
the other. For example,
a person who is "left-brained" is often said to be more logical,
analytical, and objective,
while a person who is "right-brained" is said to be more
intuitive, thoughtful, and subjective.
In psychology, the theory is based on lateralization of brain
function.
◦ So does one side of the brain really control specific functions?
◦ Are people either left-brained or right-brained?
◦ Like many popular psychology myths, this one grew out of
observations about the human brain that were then dramatically
distorted and exaggerated.
3. Introduction
The right brain-left brain theory originated in the work of Roger W.
Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981.
◦ While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that
cutting the corpus collosum (the structure that connects the two
hemispheres of the brain) could reduce or eliminate seizures.
However, these patients also experienced other symptoms after
the communication pathway between the two sides of the brain
was cut.
◦ For example, many split-brain patients found themselves unable to
name objects that were processed by the right side of the brain, but
were able to name objects that were processed by the left-side of
the brain.
◦ Based on this information, Sperry suggested that language was
controlled by the left-side of the brain.
Later research has shown that the brain is not nearly as
dichotomous as once thought.
◦ For example, recent research has shown that abilities in subjects
such as math are actually strongest when both halves of the
brain work together.
◦ Today, neuroscientists know that the two sides of the brain work
together to perform a wide variety of tasks and that the two
hemispheres communicate through the corpus collosum.
4. Introduction
"No matter how lateralized the brain can get, though, the two
sides still work together," science writer Carl Zimmer explained in an
article for Discover magazine.
"The pop psychology notion of a left brain and a right brain
doesn’t capture their intimate working relationship. The left
hemisphere specializes in picking out the sounds that form words
and working out the syntax of the words, for example, but it does
not have a monopoly on language processing. The right
hemisphere is actually more sensitive to the emotional features of
language, tuning in to the slow rhythms of speech that carry
intonation and stress."
In one study by researchers at the University of Utah, more 1,000
participants had their brains analyzed in order to determine if they
preferred using one side over the other.
◦ The study revealed that while activity was sometimes higher in certain
important regions, both sides of the brain were essentially equal
in their activity on average.
“It’s absolutely true that some brain functions occur in one or the
other side of the brain. Language tends to be on the left, attention
more on the right. But people don’t tend to have a stronger left-or
right-sided brain network. It seems to be determined more
connection by connection,“
◦ explained the study's lead author Dr. Jeff Anderson.
While the idea of right brain / left brain thinkers has been debunked, its
popularity persists. So what exactly did this theory suggest?
5. The Right Brain
According to the left-brain, right-brain dominance
theory, the right side of the brain is best at
expressive and creative tasks. Some of the abilities
that are popularly associated with the right side of
the brain include:
◦ Recognizing faces
◦ Expressing emotions
◦ Music
◦ Reading emotions
◦ Color
◦ Images
◦ Intuition
◦ Creativity
6. The Left Brain
The left-side of the brain is
considered to be adept at tasks
that involve logic, language and
analytical thinking. The left-brain is
often described as being better at:
◦Language
◦Logic
◦Critical thinking
◦Numbers
◦Reasoning
7. So Why Do People Still Talk
About Right-Brain, Left-Brain Theory?
Researchers have demonstrated that right-brain/left-brain theory
is a myth, yet its popularity persists. Why?
◦ Unfortunately many people are likely unaware that the theory is
outdated.
◦ Today, students might continue to learn about the theory as a
point of historical interest - to understand how our ideas
about how the brain works have evolved and changed over time
as researchers have learned more about how the brain
operates.
While over-generalized and overstated by popular psychology and
self-help texts, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in
certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study.
◦ For example, students who have a difficult time following verbal
instructions (often cited as a right-brain characteristic) might
benefit from writing down directions and developing better
organizational skills.
◦ The important thing to remember if you take one of the many
left brain/right brain quizzes that you will likely encounter online
is that they are entirely for fun and you shouldn't place much
stock in your results.