The document discusses various methods for identifying and classifying prokaryotes, including microscopy, biochemical tests, serology, nucleic acid analysis, and detecting strain differences. Microscopy techniques include Gram staining, acid-fast staining, capsule staining, endospore staining, and fluorescent dyes. Biochemical tests involve catalase, sugar fermentation, and urease reactions. Identification is also possible through serology, polymerase chain reaction, rRNA sequencing, and analyzing fatty acids or genomic profiles. Strain differences can be detected using biochemical, serological, and genomic typing methods.