This presentation was prepared by a 4th year medical student of All saints university,Dominica doing surgery rotation in milton cato memorial hospital,St.Vincent.
1. Chest tubes are used to drain fluid or air from the pleural space to allow the lung to re-expand following a pneumothorax, hemothorax, or other condition.
2. Placement involves local anesthesia and insertion of a tube between the ribs and into the pleural space, which is then connected to a drainage system.
3. Ongoing nursing care includes monitoring drainage, ensuring tube placement and connections, and assessing for complications like continued air leaks, until removal criteria are met and the lung is fully re-expanded.
This document provides an overview of chest tube insertion including definitions, indications, contraindications, equipment, preparation, techniques, and potential complications. It discusses in detail the appropriate tube size for different clinical scenarios such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and various pleural effusions. Safe sites for tube insertion are outlined. The standard technique and Seldinger technique for chest tube placement are described.
This document provides information about chest tube insertion and care. It describes the indications for chest tubes including pneumothorax, hemothorax, and fluid drainage. It outlines the equipment, anatomy, procedure steps, post-procedure care, and potential complications of chest tube placement. The timing of chest tube removal depends on indication and imaging showing full lung re-expansion and cessation of fluid or air leaks.
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space by inserting a needle between the ribs and into the pleural cavity. It is done both diagnostically to evaluate pleural effusions and therapeutically to drain large fluid collections. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, necessary equipment and supplies, step-by-step procedure, monitoring after the procedure, potential risks and complications, and documentation required.
PowerPoint presentation on Intercostal drainage (ICD) or Chest tube drainage. In this this presentation I have included different methods by which a chest tube can be inserted to drain fluid, pus, air from the Pleural cavity. please do mail me your feedback on this presentation at tinkujoseph2010@gmail.com.
INTRODUCTION
Intubation is required when a patient has difficulty breathing and needs ventilatory assistance.
A hollow tube is inserted into the trachea and held in place by a small inflated balloon.
INDICATION OF ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE INSERTION
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION
NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
PULMONARY DISEASE
CHEST WALL INJURY
UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
ASPIRATION PROPHYLAXIS
FRACTURE OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY.
Equipment required
Suction catheter
Oxyen, Bag valve mask(Ambu bag)
Laryngoscope (two curved blades and straight blade)
Stylet /bougie
Endotracheal tubes (preferred size and smaller)
Magills forceps
Drugs (muscle relaxant, sedative)
Xylocaine jelly
Syringe for cuff inflation
Tape to secure tube
PROCEDURE
Assess the patient’s heart rate, LOC and respiratory status
Remove the patient dental bridgework and plates
Prepare equipments
Complications of intubation
Early complications
Trauma, e.g. haemorrhage, mediastinal perforation
Haemodynamic collapse, e.g. positive pressure ventilation, vasodilation, arrhythmias or rapid correction of hypercapnia.
Tube malposition, e.g. failed or endobronchial intubation.
Later complications
Infection including maxillary sinusitis if nasally intubated
Cuff pressure trauma (maintain cuff pressure <25cmH2O)
Mouth /Lip trauma
This document provides instructions for removing air or fluid from the pleural cavity via a procedure called a thoracentesis. It lists common reasons for needing the procedure such as pneumothorax, empyema, or malignant pleural effusion. It then outlines the necessary steps including getting imaging, administering local anesthetic, inserting a chest tube between the ribs, attaching it to suction, and monitoring for complications. The goal is to fully re-expand the lung and ensure no further air leaks or bleeding once drainage has ceased.
This document provides information on chest tube management including indications, contraindications, supplies needed for insertion, sizing, positioning, insertion technique, complications, nursing role, documentation, drainage system components, safety, exercise, pain management, dressing changes, and signs to monitor and report. The goal of chest tube placement is to drain fluid or air from the pleural space and re-expand the lung. Nursing plays a key role in monitoring the patient and drainage system.
1. Chest tubes are used to drain fluid or air from the pleural space to allow the lung to re-expand following a pneumothorax, hemothorax, or other condition.
2. Placement involves local anesthesia and insertion of a tube between the ribs and into the pleural space, which is then connected to a drainage system.
3. Ongoing nursing care includes monitoring drainage, ensuring tube placement and connections, and assessing for complications like continued air leaks, until removal criteria are met and the lung is fully re-expanded.
This document provides an overview of chest tube insertion including definitions, indications, contraindications, equipment, preparation, techniques, and potential complications. It discusses in detail the appropriate tube size for different clinical scenarios such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and various pleural effusions. Safe sites for tube insertion are outlined. The standard technique and Seldinger technique for chest tube placement are described.
This document provides information about chest tube insertion and care. It describes the indications for chest tubes including pneumothorax, hemothorax, and fluid drainage. It outlines the equipment, anatomy, procedure steps, post-procedure care, and potential complications of chest tube placement. The timing of chest tube removal depends on indication and imaging showing full lung re-expansion and cessation of fluid or air leaks.
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space by inserting a needle between the ribs and into the pleural cavity. It is done both diagnostically to evaluate pleural effusions and therapeutically to drain large fluid collections. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, necessary equipment and supplies, step-by-step procedure, monitoring after the procedure, potential risks and complications, and documentation required.
PowerPoint presentation on Intercostal drainage (ICD) or Chest tube drainage. In this this presentation I have included different methods by which a chest tube can be inserted to drain fluid, pus, air from the Pleural cavity. please do mail me your feedback on this presentation at tinkujoseph2010@gmail.com.
INTRODUCTION
Intubation is required when a patient has difficulty breathing and needs ventilatory assistance.
A hollow tube is inserted into the trachea and held in place by a small inflated balloon.
INDICATION OF ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE INSERTION
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION
NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
PULMONARY DISEASE
CHEST WALL INJURY
UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
ASPIRATION PROPHYLAXIS
FRACTURE OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY.
Equipment required
Suction catheter
Oxyen, Bag valve mask(Ambu bag)
Laryngoscope (two curved blades and straight blade)
Stylet /bougie
Endotracheal tubes (preferred size and smaller)
Magills forceps
Drugs (muscle relaxant, sedative)
Xylocaine jelly
Syringe for cuff inflation
Tape to secure tube
PROCEDURE
Assess the patient’s heart rate, LOC and respiratory status
Remove the patient dental bridgework and plates
Prepare equipments
Complications of intubation
Early complications
Trauma, e.g. haemorrhage, mediastinal perforation
Haemodynamic collapse, e.g. positive pressure ventilation, vasodilation, arrhythmias or rapid correction of hypercapnia.
Tube malposition, e.g. failed or endobronchial intubation.
Later complications
Infection including maxillary sinusitis if nasally intubated
Cuff pressure trauma (maintain cuff pressure <25cmH2O)
Mouth /Lip trauma
This document provides instructions for removing air or fluid from the pleural cavity via a procedure called a thoracentesis. It lists common reasons for needing the procedure such as pneumothorax, empyema, or malignant pleural effusion. It then outlines the necessary steps including getting imaging, administering local anesthetic, inserting a chest tube between the ribs, attaching it to suction, and monitoring for complications. The goal is to fully re-expand the lung and ensure no further air leaks or bleeding once drainage has ceased.
This document provides information on chest tube management including indications, contraindications, supplies needed for insertion, sizing, positioning, insertion technique, complications, nursing role, documentation, drainage system components, safety, exercise, pain management, dressing changes, and signs to monitor and report. The goal of chest tube placement is to drain fluid or air from the pleural space and re-expand the lung. Nursing plays a key role in monitoring the patient and drainage system.
This document provides information on abdominal paracentesis including:
1. It defines abdominal paracentesis as a procedure where a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
2. The indications, contraindications, technique, complications, and post-procedure follow up of abdominal paracentesis are described in detail over multiple pages.
3. The preparation, positioning, equipment, steps of the technique, and potential complications of the procedure are outlined systematically for medical practitioners.
Intercostal Drainage Tubes -Indications,methods,usesAthul Francis
Chest tubes are placed for various pleural indications like pneumothorax, haemothorax, and malignant pleural effusions. Smaller bore chest tubes around 10-14F are commonly used now for easier insertion and less pain. Chest tubes can be placed via guidewire, trocar, or operative methods. Pleural drainage systems include one-way valves, water seal bottles, and suction bottles to facilitate lung re-expansion. Chest tubes should be evaluated daily and removed when the pleural space is dry and re-expanded to prevent complications.
Tube thoracostomy is a procedure to drain fluid or air from the pleural space by inserting a chest tube. It is indicated for conditions such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and postoperative drainage. The chest tube is inserted using sterile technique between the 4th and 5th ribs in the midaxillary line and connected to a water seal drainage system. Proper patient care involves monitoring drainage, respiratory status, and ensuring the drainage system remains patent. Complications include hemorrhage, lung laceration, and tube blockage or dislodgement.
The document provides information on tube thoracostomy, including indications, contraindications, equipment, procedure, post-procedure care, and potential complications. Tube thoracostomy involves inserting a chest tube into the pleural cavity to drain fluid, air, or other materials. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, malignant pleural effusion, and hemothorax. Proper insertion technique and ongoing care of the chest tube and drainage system is required to prevent complications and allow the underlying condition to resolve.
A chest tube is a catheter inserted through the chest wall to drain air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space and maintain negative pressure. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusions. The chest tube is connected to a drainage system, usually a three bottle system, to continuously drain the pleural space and prevent a build up of air or fluid that could impair lung function. Nurses monitor the chest tube drainage closely and ensure the system remains intact and functioning properly to allow for full lung re-expansion and recovery following chest tube insertion.
This document provides information on intercostal tube insertion and the nursing responsibilities associated with chest drainage systems. It defines an intercostal tube as a drainage tube inserted into the pleural cavity to remove air, blood, or fluid. Tubes can range from 6 to 40 French in size. Chest tubes are used to drain the pleural space after procedures like pneumothorax, hemothorax, thoracotomy, or chest trauma. The document outlines the principles of chest drainage systems, types of systems, the insertion procedure, post-care for the patient and equipment, and the nurse's ongoing responsibilities in monitoring the system.
Surgical drains have several purposes and types. They help evacuate fluids from surgical sites to prevent infection and allow wounds to heal. Common types include closed suction drains like Jackson-Pratt drains and open drains like Penrose drains. Placement, securing, and care of drains is important to avoid complications like infection, displacement, or blockage. Drains are removed once drainage decreases significantly or they are no longer needed.
1) Pulmonary embolism refers to obstruction of a pulmonary artery, most commonly by a thrombus originating from the legs or pelvis.
2) Risk factors include conditions contributing to Virchow's triad of venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury.
3) Presentation includes dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and leg swelling or pain. Investigations include D-dimer, chest imaging, ventilation-perfusion scan, and pulmonary angiogram. Management focuses on oxygenation, fluid resuscitation, and anticoagulation.
TURP is a procedure to relieve urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. It carries risks due to the elderly patient population and long duration. A thorough pre-op assessment helps determine anesthesia technique, with subarachnoid block preferred. Potential complications include hypotension, hemorrhage, bladder perforation, hypothermia, and the rare but serious TURP syndrome caused by excessive fluid absorption. Close monitoring is needed to rapidly identify and treat any issues.
This presentation will give an overview of what NG tube is, types of NG tube, indications and contraindications, how to insert NG tube and potential complications of NG tube
The document discusses assisting with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion and subsequent care. A CVC is inserted into the large vein returning blood to the heart. Indications include central venous pressure monitoring, emergency venous access, long-term nutrition or medications. The assisting nurse's roles are to position the patient, assist with draping and insertion, document the procedure, and monitor for complications. The physician will obtain consent, prepare and drape the site, insert the catheter under sterile technique, and order imaging to confirm placement. Ongoing nursing care includes monitoring the site, vital signs, and using aseptic technique when accessing the CVC ports.
Surgical drains are devices that drain fluids, blood, or air that can accumulate after surgery. There are different types of drains classified as open or closed, and active or passive. Drains are indicated for therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, monitoring, or palliative purposes. Common types include Jackson-Pratt, hemovac, pigtail, and penrose drains. Drains must be properly assessed, maintained if needed, and removed once drainage decreases to prevent complications like infection, blockage, or tissue damage.
Chest trauma can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not managed promptly and effectively. The document discusses the pathophysiology of chest trauma from both blunt and penetrating mechanisms. It emphasizes the importance of the primary survey approach, including assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). For patients who are unstable, interventions like intubation, chest tube insertion, and fluid resuscitation may be required during the initial assessment to stabilize their condition.
The doctor would perform a chest tube drainage procedure to remove fluid from the patient's right hemothorax. A chest tube would be inserted through the thorax and connected to suction to drain fluid and air from the pleural space, preventing further fluid or air buildup and helping the lung re-expand. The nurse's responsibilities would include properly caring for and monitoring the chest tube drainage system.
Tube thoracostomy is a procedure to drain air or fluid from the pleural space using a chest tube. The tube is connected to a drainage system that uses water seals and suction to remove collections while preventing reentry of air or fluid. Key components of the drainage system include collection bottles, water seals, and suction regulators. Proper positioning and management of the chest tube and drainage system is important to monitor drainage and ensure full lung reexpansion.
Chest drainage systems are used to drain air, blood, pus or other secretions from the chest cavity through a tube inserted between the ribs. Conditions that may require chest drainage include pneumonia, tuberculosis, spontaneous pneumothorax or cancer causing excessive secretions. Chest tubes can be small-bore or large-bore and are connected to drainage systems to collect fluids and monitor for leaks. Nursing care involves ensuring proper functioning of the drainage system and monitoring for complications like re-collapse of the lung.
Thoracentesis is a procedure to drain fluid from the pleural space around the lungs. It involves inserting a large bore needle through the chest wall under local anesthesia. The fluid is drained to diagnose the cause of excess fluid or provide relief from symptoms. Nurses prepare equipment, position the patient, monitor them during the procedure, and assess for complications like pneumothorax afterwards. Proper documentation and care of any insertion site is also important. Thoracentesis can help determine the cause of pleural effusions and relieve symptoms like shortness of breath.
This document discusses surgical drains, including their ideal properties, classifications, indications for use, and care. Surgical drains are appliances used to drain fluid collections and can be passive or active. Passive drains rely on gravity while active drains use suction. Drains have therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, monitoring, and palliative indications. Ideal drains are firm but not rigid, smooth, and resistant to blockage. Care includes proper placement, securing, and monitoring drainage output until removal when drainage decreases. Complications can include infection, displacement, and injury.
Intercostal drainage tube insertion is an emergency as well as planned procedure. In emergency it is a one of the life saving procedures. That's why it is important to learn the anatomy and physiology behind insertion of ICD and what should be the ideal procedure and post procedure care.
This document discusses chest tube drainage, including indications, equipment, placement, and nursing considerations. Chest tubes are inserted to drain air or fluid from the pleural space when negative pressure is disrupted, to help re-establish normal pressure. Tube size depends on patient age and location. Placement sites are described for pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac surgery. Traditional systems use water seals while newer dry systems regulate suction. Nurses must monitor drainage, tube placement and connections, and device settings and function.
Thoracic surgery refers to operations on the organs in the chest including the heart, lungs, and esophagus. The document discusses various types of thoracic surgeries like lobectomy, pneumonectomy, wedge resection, and lung transplant that are performed to diagnose, treat, or repair conditions of the lungs. It also covers surgeries related to the heart like pericardiectomy and esophageal surgeries like esophagectomy. Important aspects of pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative nursing management are outlined with a focus on airway maintenance, respiratory monitoring, coughing exercises, and chest tube care.
A chest tube is a flexible plastic tube inserted between the pleural layers of the chest wall to drain air or fluid from the pleural space. It is used to treat conditions where air or fluid has accumulated in the pleural space such as pneumothorax, pleural effusions, or hemothorax. The tube is inserted using local anesthesia in the intercostal space and attached to a drainage system placed below chest level. It is secured with sutures and the insertion site is dressed. The tube remains in place until drainage stops and a chest x-ray confirms its proper position and resolution of the underlying condition.
This document provides information on abdominal paracentesis including:
1. It defines abdominal paracentesis as a procedure where a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
2. The indications, contraindications, technique, complications, and post-procedure follow up of abdominal paracentesis are described in detail over multiple pages.
3. The preparation, positioning, equipment, steps of the technique, and potential complications of the procedure are outlined systematically for medical practitioners.
Intercostal Drainage Tubes -Indications,methods,usesAthul Francis
Chest tubes are placed for various pleural indications like pneumothorax, haemothorax, and malignant pleural effusions. Smaller bore chest tubes around 10-14F are commonly used now for easier insertion and less pain. Chest tubes can be placed via guidewire, trocar, or operative methods. Pleural drainage systems include one-way valves, water seal bottles, and suction bottles to facilitate lung re-expansion. Chest tubes should be evaluated daily and removed when the pleural space is dry and re-expanded to prevent complications.
Tube thoracostomy is a procedure to drain fluid or air from the pleural space by inserting a chest tube. It is indicated for conditions such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and postoperative drainage. The chest tube is inserted using sterile technique between the 4th and 5th ribs in the midaxillary line and connected to a water seal drainage system. Proper patient care involves monitoring drainage, respiratory status, and ensuring the drainage system remains patent. Complications include hemorrhage, lung laceration, and tube blockage or dislodgement.
The document provides information on tube thoracostomy, including indications, contraindications, equipment, procedure, post-procedure care, and potential complications. Tube thoracostomy involves inserting a chest tube into the pleural cavity to drain fluid, air, or other materials. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, malignant pleural effusion, and hemothorax. Proper insertion technique and ongoing care of the chest tube and drainage system is required to prevent complications and allow the underlying condition to resolve.
A chest tube is a catheter inserted through the chest wall to drain air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space and maintain negative pressure. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusions. The chest tube is connected to a drainage system, usually a three bottle system, to continuously drain the pleural space and prevent a build up of air or fluid that could impair lung function. Nurses monitor the chest tube drainage closely and ensure the system remains intact and functioning properly to allow for full lung re-expansion and recovery following chest tube insertion.
This document provides information on intercostal tube insertion and the nursing responsibilities associated with chest drainage systems. It defines an intercostal tube as a drainage tube inserted into the pleural cavity to remove air, blood, or fluid. Tubes can range from 6 to 40 French in size. Chest tubes are used to drain the pleural space after procedures like pneumothorax, hemothorax, thoracotomy, or chest trauma. The document outlines the principles of chest drainage systems, types of systems, the insertion procedure, post-care for the patient and equipment, and the nurse's ongoing responsibilities in monitoring the system.
Surgical drains have several purposes and types. They help evacuate fluids from surgical sites to prevent infection and allow wounds to heal. Common types include closed suction drains like Jackson-Pratt drains and open drains like Penrose drains. Placement, securing, and care of drains is important to avoid complications like infection, displacement, or blockage. Drains are removed once drainage decreases significantly or they are no longer needed.
1) Pulmonary embolism refers to obstruction of a pulmonary artery, most commonly by a thrombus originating from the legs or pelvis.
2) Risk factors include conditions contributing to Virchow's triad of venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury.
3) Presentation includes dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and leg swelling or pain. Investigations include D-dimer, chest imaging, ventilation-perfusion scan, and pulmonary angiogram. Management focuses on oxygenation, fluid resuscitation, and anticoagulation.
TURP is a procedure to relieve urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. It carries risks due to the elderly patient population and long duration. A thorough pre-op assessment helps determine anesthesia technique, with subarachnoid block preferred. Potential complications include hypotension, hemorrhage, bladder perforation, hypothermia, and the rare but serious TURP syndrome caused by excessive fluid absorption. Close monitoring is needed to rapidly identify and treat any issues.
This presentation will give an overview of what NG tube is, types of NG tube, indications and contraindications, how to insert NG tube and potential complications of NG tube
The document discusses assisting with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion and subsequent care. A CVC is inserted into the large vein returning blood to the heart. Indications include central venous pressure monitoring, emergency venous access, long-term nutrition or medications. The assisting nurse's roles are to position the patient, assist with draping and insertion, document the procedure, and monitor for complications. The physician will obtain consent, prepare and drape the site, insert the catheter under sterile technique, and order imaging to confirm placement. Ongoing nursing care includes monitoring the site, vital signs, and using aseptic technique when accessing the CVC ports.
Surgical drains are devices that drain fluids, blood, or air that can accumulate after surgery. There are different types of drains classified as open or closed, and active or passive. Drains are indicated for therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, monitoring, or palliative purposes. Common types include Jackson-Pratt, hemovac, pigtail, and penrose drains. Drains must be properly assessed, maintained if needed, and removed once drainage decreases to prevent complications like infection, blockage, or tissue damage.
Chest trauma can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not managed promptly and effectively. The document discusses the pathophysiology of chest trauma from both blunt and penetrating mechanisms. It emphasizes the importance of the primary survey approach, including assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). For patients who are unstable, interventions like intubation, chest tube insertion, and fluid resuscitation may be required during the initial assessment to stabilize their condition.
The doctor would perform a chest tube drainage procedure to remove fluid from the patient's right hemothorax. A chest tube would be inserted through the thorax and connected to suction to drain fluid and air from the pleural space, preventing further fluid or air buildup and helping the lung re-expand. The nurse's responsibilities would include properly caring for and monitoring the chest tube drainage system.
Tube thoracostomy is a procedure to drain air or fluid from the pleural space using a chest tube. The tube is connected to a drainage system that uses water seals and suction to remove collections while preventing reentry of air or fluid. Key components of the drainage system include collection bottles, water seals, and suction regulators. Proper positioning and management of the chest tube and drainage system is important to monitor drainage and ensure full lung reexpansion.
Chest drainage systems are used to drain air, blood, pus or other secretions from the chest cavity through a tube inserted between the ribs. Conditions that may require chest drainage include pneumonia, tuberculosis, spontaneous pneumothorax or cancer causing excessive secretions. Chest tubes can be small-bore or large-bore and are connected to drainage systems to collect fluids and monitor for leaks. Nursing care involves ensuring proper functioning of the drainage system and monitoring for complications like re-collapse of the lung.
Thoracentesis is a procedure to drain fluid from the pleural space around the lungs. It involves inserting a large bore needle through the chest wall under local anesthesia. The fluid is drained to diagnose the cause of excess fluid or provide relief from symptoms. Nurses prepare equipment, position the patient, monitor them during the procedure, and assess for complications like pneumothorax afterwards. Proper documentation and care of any insertion site is also important. Thoracentesis can help determine the cause of pleural effusions and relieve symptoms like shortness of breath.
This document discusses surgical drains, including their ideal properties, classifications, indications for use, and care. Surgical drains are appliances used to drain fluid collections and can be passive or active. Passive drains rely on gravity while active drains use suction. Drains have therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, monitoring, and palliative indications. Ideal drains are firm but not rigid, smooth, and resistant to blockage. Care includes proper placement, securing, and monitoring drainage output until removal when drainage decreases. Complications can include infection, displacement, and injury.
Intercostal drainage tube insertion is an emergency as well as planned procedure. In emergency it is a one of the life saving procedures. That's why it is important to learn the anatomy and physiology behind insertion of ICD and what should be the ideal procedure and post procedure care.
This document discusses chest tube drainage, including indications, equipment, placement, and nursing considerations. Chest tubes are inserted to drain air or fluid from the pleural space when negative pressure is disrupted, to help re-establish normal pressure. Tube size depends on patient age and location. Placement sites are described for pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac surgery. Traditional systems use water seals while newer dry systems regulate suction. Nurses must monitor drainage, tube placement and connections, and device settings and function.
Thoracic surgery refers to operations on the organs in the chest including the heart, lungs, and esophagus. The document discusses various types of thoracic surgeries like lobectomy, pneumonectomy, wedge resection, and lung transplant that are performed to diagnose, treat, or repair conditions of the lungs. It also covers surgeries related to the heart like pericardiectomy and esophageal surgeries like esophagectomy. Important aspects of pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative nursing management are outlined with a focus on airway maintenance, respiratory monitoring, coughing exercises, and chest tube care.
A chest tube is a flexible plastic tube inserted between the pleural layers of the chest wall to drain air or fluid from the pleural space. It is used to treat conditions where air or fluid has accumulated in the pleural space such as pneumothorax, pleural effusions, or hemothorax. The tube is inserted using local anesthesia in the intercostal space and attached to a drainage system placed below chest level. It is secured with sutures and the insertion site is dressed. The tube remains in place until drainage stops and a chest x-ray confirms its proper position and resolution of the underlying condition.
This document discusses procedures for traumatic chest injuries. It describes needle thoracocentesis and intercostal tube thoracostomy for draining fluid or air from the chest. The steps of performing an intercostal tube thoracostomy are outlined, including preparing the skin, administering anesthesia, making an incision, inserting the chest tube, and securing it. Open thoracotomy is discussed as a last resort procedure for controlling hemorrhage or performing internal cardiac massage. Indications and contraindications for the procedures are also summarized.
Closed-tube thoracostomy (CTT) involves inserting a chest tube to drain fluid or air from the pleural space and allow the lung to re-expand. CTT is used to treat conditions causing lung collapse like pneumothorax, hemothorax, or empyema. The tube is inserted between the ribs and connected to a drainage system. Nursing care involves ensuring proper drainage and preventing complications like infection. The tube is removed once imaging shows full lung re-expansion.
The document provides guidelines for pleural procedures such as pleural aspiration and chest drain insertion. It recommends that all doctors expected to perform these procedures should have proper training, including didactic lectures, simulated practice, and supervised practice until deemed competent. It outlines indications, consent requirements, equipment needed, techniques, complications to outline in consent, and follow-up care for pleural aspirations and chest drain insertions. It also recommends the use of ultrasound guidance for pleural procedures to reduce complications.
1. Trauma is a leading cause of death, especially for those aged 1-44. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol emphasizes interventions in the "golden hour" to prevent death.
2. The initial evaluation of an injured patient follows the ABCs - Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Airway management requires cervical spine protection. Tension pneumothorax and open pneumothorax require tube thoracostomy. Circulation assessment focuses on hemorrhage control through intravenous access, wound packing, and identifying life-threatening internal bleeding.
3. Proper application of the ATLS protocol during the initial trauma evaluation focuses on rapid identification and treatment of immediate threats to life
1. An intercostal drain, or chest tube, is a flexible plastic tube inserted through the chest wall to drain fluid or air from the pleural space. It works using an underwater seal mechanism that allows drainage out while preventing fluid or air from entering.
2. Chest tube insertion involves local anesthesia, positioning the patient, and using sterile technique to insert the tube through the chest wall into the pleural space. Ultrasound is used to guide placement and ensure the tube does not injure organs.
3. Physiotherapy for a patient with a chest tube focuses on wound care, pain management, deep breathing exercises, early mobilization, and exercise to improve ventilation and recovery.
The document discusses tracheostomy, including:
1. Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to serve as an airway.
2. Complications include tracheal stenosis, swallowing difficulty, voice changes, breathing issues, and hemorrhage.
3. Post-op care involves having a spare tube available, communicating with patients and caregivers, and determining decannulation based on cough strength.
The document provides information on the history, indications, anatomy, procedures, tube types, and complications of tracheostomy.
This document provides an overview of tracheostomy procedures. It discusses the history and indications for tracheostomy, including emergent situations and prolonged ventilation. The document outlines the different types of tracheostomy tubes and percutaneous versus open surgical procedures. Post-operative care and potential complications are summarized, including issues related to decannulation. The optimal timing of tracheostomy is addressed, noting it is usually performed between 7-21 days of ventilation pending patient factors.
Physiotherapy in surgery in abdominal and thoracic surgeryDrKhushbooBhattPT
Rehabilitation is one of the important aspect in pre and post surgery care.
This presentation is mainly focusing on the "thoracic and abdominal rehabilitation" and also gives details about assessment and management of "intercostal drains".
This document provides information on tracheostomy care including:
1) Tracheostomies are surgical openings in the neck to facilitate breathing by bypassing the upper airway.
2) Tracheostomy tubes come in several types including single cannula, double cannula, cuffed, and fenestrated.
3) Proper tracheostomy care includes cleaning the inner cannula, suctioning secretions, and changing the dressing around the stoma opening.
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It involves inserting a needle through the chest wall after administering local anesthesia. The fluid is tested to determine the cause of the pleural effusion and guide treatment. The patient will be monitored for complications after the procedure such as difficulty breathing or signs of infection before being discharged.
This document provides guidance on care protocols for three medical devices: external ventricular drains (EVDs), tracheostomy tubes, and chest tubes. It outlines key steps for each device, including maintaining proper positioning and drainage, assessing the insertion site, monitoring output, and promoting lung re-expansion in the case of chest tubes. Adhering to careful handling and monitoring protocols is emphasized to prevent infections and ensure devices are functioning properly.
The document discusses tracheostomy suctioning and provides information on related anatomy, history, indications, contraindications, hazards, and management of secretions. It details the vagus nerves and their branches, outlines a brief history of suctioning including early studies showing desaturation and cardiac issues, and lists potential hazards like anxiety, increased intracranial pressure, trauma, infection, pneumothorax, hypoxia, and cardiac issues. It emphasizes limiting suction duration and pressure to reduce hypoxia risks.
- Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the neck to place a tube into the windpipe (trachea) to allow air to enter the lungs.
- There are different types depending on factors like whether it is temporary or permanent, the location on the trachea, and the cause.
- Indications include upper airway obstruction, need for pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary toilet, and some elective procedures.
- The procedure involves identifying landmarks, making an incision, opening the trachea, inserting a tracheostomy tube, and securing it. Complications can include bleeding, infection, and tracheal damage.
The document discusses strategies for reducing the cardiac hazard associated with suctioning. It covers the anatomy of related structures like the vagus nerve and how suctioning can stimulate reflexes. It also outlines objectives for staff training on identifying hazards, assessing patients, and reducing risks through techniques like using the minimum safe suction pressure. Several hazards of suctioning are identified, including hypoxia, infection, trauma, and changes to intracranial pressure.
An educational material describing the Indications for Tracheostomy-Complications of Tracheostomy-Timing of Tracheostomy-Tracheostomy Technique-Tracheostomy Decannulation and types of Tracheostomy Tubes.
An educational material describing the Indications for Tracheostomy-Complications of Tracheostomy-Timing of Tracheostomy-Tracheostomy Technique-Tracheostomy Decannulation and types of Tracheostomy Tubes. Quite useful for general surgery residents and medical students and also general physicians.
An educational material describing the Indications for Tracheostomy-Complications of Tracheostomy-Timing of Tracheostomy-Tracheostomy Technique-Tracheostomy Decannulation and types of Tracheostomy Tubes
This is evidence based approach to intercostal tube management. It includes brief account on anatomy, physiology and physics, procedure, complications and drain removal. This I mainly based on BTS 2015 guideline.
Sickle cell disease results from abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become rigid and crescent shaped. These sickled cells have a shortened lifespan and can block small blood vessels, leading to pain crises. Common clinical features of sickle cell disease include vaso-occlusive crises involving pain, acute chest syndrome, and aplastic crises where red blood cell counts drop severely. Management involves vaccination, antibiotics for infection prevention, hydration, pain medication, and in severe cases splenectomy or bone marrow transplant.
Laparoscopy, also known as keyhole surgery, allows surgeons to examine the abdominal organs through small incisions using a laparoscope. It was developed in the early 1900s and is now commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions of the appendix, gallbladder, intestines, and other abdominal organs. The key advantages of laparoscopy over open surgery are reduced pain, scarring, and recovery time for patients. However, it requires more technical skill from surgeons due to limited movement and vision within the abdominal cavity. Complications can include injuries from trocar insertion or electrical burns, but the risks of laparoscopy are generally low when performed by an experienced surgeon.
This document provides an overview of infective endocarditis, including its definition, epidemiology, anatomy, pathogenesis, classification, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and complications. Infective endocarditis is a bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It most commonly affects the mitral valve and is usually caused by streptococci, staphylococci, or enterococci. It can be acute or subacute and is diagnosed using the modified Duke criteria.
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria entering the central nervous system. Risk factors include extremes of age, diabetes, splenectomy, alcoholism, and head injuries. Diagnosis involves examining cerebrospinal fluid for presence of white blood cells and bacteria. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or supportive care. Prognosis depends on the cause and presence of complications, with viral meningitis usually having a good recovery but bacterial meningitis requiring prompt treatment to reduce mortality.
GOUT AND PSEUDOGOUT PRESENTATION BY A 5TH YEAR MEDICAL STUDENT. THIS PRESENTATION IS EDUCATIVE. READ AND KINDLY SHARE WITH FRIENDS, LOEVD ONES, MEDICAL PERSONNELS. THANKS.
The document discusses pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and chronic constrictive pericarditis. It describes the functions of the pericardium, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests including EKG changes and imaging, and treatments for the different conditions including medications, pericardiocentesis, and pericardial stripping. Chronic constrictive pericarditis results from scarring and thickening of the pericardium limiting ventricular filling, with symptoms of exertional dyspnea and elevated jugular venous pressure.
Burn presentation by a medical studuent(Musa,Sakina K.) of the prestigious private university;All saints university,school of medicine,Commonwealth of Dominica.
A gastrostomy is a procedure where a feeding tube is placed directly through the skin and into the stomach. Enteral tube feeding involves delivering a special liquid food mixture containing nutrients through a tube inserted into the stomach or small intestine. This document provides background information on gastrostomy and enteral tube feeding, which is a method used to deliver nutrition when someone has difficulty eating by mouth.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
4. TUBE THORACOSTOMY.
• Tube thoracostomy is the insertion of a tube (chest tube) into the pleural
cavity to drain air,blood,bile,pus or other fluids.
• But the tube can also be used to instill medications for pleurodesis.
5. INDICATION.
• Pneumothorax.
• Spontaneous pneumothorax.
• Traumatic pneumothorax.
• Iatrogenic pneumothorax, most commonly due to central line placement.
• Tension pneumothorax.
• Bronchopleural fistula, postoperative or due to mechanical ventilation.
6.
7.
8.
9. • Hemothorax.
• Chest trauma (blunt or penetrating).
• Postoperative following thoracic or upper abdominal surgery.
10. • Pleural effusion.
• Sterile effusion.
• Infected effusion(empyema, para pneumonic effusion).
• Chylothorax.
• Malignant effusion
• Other effusion.
• Hemopneumothorax.
• Considered for those about to undergo air transport who are at risk for
pneumothorax.
• Patients with penetrating chest wall injury who are intubated or about to be
intubated.
11. • Pleurodesis – Chest tube insertion to facilitate the instillation of
sclerosing agents into the pleural space is indicated for the
treatment of refractory effusion.
12. CONTRAINDICATION.
• The need for emergent thoracotomy is an absolute contraindication to tube
thoracostomy.
• Relative contraindications include the following:
• Coagulopathy.
• Pulmonary bullae
• Pulmonary, pleural, or thoracic adhesions.
• Loculated pleural effusion or empyema.
• Skin infection over the chest tube insertion site.
• Blind insertion of a chest tube is dangerous in a patient with pleural adhesions from
infection, previous pleurodesis or prior pulmonary surgery; so guidance by
ultrasound or CT scan without contrast is preferred.
13. PREPARATION.
• The proper equipment should be gathered and
• The patient assessed to determine the optimal chest tube size and
• Location of placement.
14. ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
• The need for prophylactic antibiotics prior to the placement of thoracostomy tubes
depends upon the clinical circumstances.
Prophylactic antibiotics are not warranted for chest tubes placed in the setting
of SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX or OTHER NON-TRAUMATIC
INDICATIONS.
Prophylactic antibiotics are warranted for chest tubes placed in the setting of
trauma, particularly in patients with penetrating injury.
15. • The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy is uncertain; a single dose may be
administered or in cases of penetrating injury , antibiotic therapy may be continued
for up to 24 hrs.
• There is no evidence of benefit for continuation of antibiotics for longer than 24
hours.
16.
17. • Surgical marker.
• Lidocaine 1% with epinephrine.
• Syringes, 10-20 mL (2)
• Needles 25 gauge(ga), 5/8 in
• Needle 23 ga, 1.5 in; or 27 ga, 1.5 in for instilling local anesthesia.
• Blade no. 10 on a scalpel
18.
19.
20.
21. TUBE SELECTION.
• A chest tube’s internal diameter (d) and the viscosity of the fluid determine
volume of fluid flow.
• Chest tubes are available in a range of French sizes from 14 to 40 Fr.
• A 28 Fr tube will drain about 15L/min for air but about thirty times less for
liquids.
• Compared with a transudate or sterile exudate, the drainage of more viscous
fluids (pus or blood) requires a larger bore chest tube to obtain the same
flow rate.
22.
23. PNEUMOTHORAX.
Spontaneous and iatrogenic = 16 -24 Fr.
In patients who develop pneumothorax during mechanical ventilation = 28 Fr.
In patients who severe underlying lung disease who have a pneumothorax (iatrogenic or
spontaneous) = 28 Fr.
For traumatic pneumothorax = 36-40 Fr.
It is important to distinguish between air leaks that are due to an alveolar-pleural fistula
and those due to a broncho-pleural fistula.
24. TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX.
If immediately available, a standard thoracostomy tube (24 or 28 Fr for trauma)
should be placed.
Otherwise needle thoracostomy should be performed, followed by chest tube
placement as soon as possible.
25. HEMOTHORAX.
Cause; Closed chest trauma
Secondary to malignancy (anticoagulation, aneurysm rupture)
The goals of tube thoracostomy in acute hemothorax are;
• Drainage of fresh blood.
• Measurement of the rate of bleeding
• Evacuation of any coexisting pneumothorax
• Tamponade of the bleeding site by apposition of the pleural surfaces.
Large-bore tubes (36 to 40 Fr) are required to reliably achieve these goals.
26. PARAPNEUMONIC EFFUSION.
• We prefer initial image-guided placement of a small catheter (10 to 14 Fr)
with or without fibrinolytic agents.
• However, if the fluid appears more viscous, a larger tube (16 to 24 Fr)
should be used to minimize the risk of occlusion with fibrinous debris.
• Unsuccessful drainage of an effusion using a small catheter indicates the
presence of multiple loculations or very viscous material.
27. MALIGNANT EFFUSION.
A small-bore catheter (8 to 18 Fr) placed under ultrasound or CT scan guidance
is usually adequate to drain a malignant pleural effusion or perform pleurodesis
( depending on the viscosity of the sclerosant).
Chronic indwelling catheters (eg. Pleurx) are available for outpatient treatment
of recurrent malignant effusion. These catheters come in a kit that includes
disposable suction bottles and appropriate tubing and connectors to access the
catheter.
28.
29. INSERTION SITE.
• The chest tube insertion site depends upon the indication for tube
placement. Fluids collects in the dependent portion of the chest cavity while
air collects in the nondependent portion.
• For evacuating pneumothorax, most clinicians insert the chest tube via an
incision at the 4th or 5th intercostal space in the anterior axillary or midaxillary
line.
• The 2nd intercostal space in the midclavicular line has been suggested as an
alternative site for tubesaxillary line.
30.
31. LEVEL OF SUCTION.
The typical level of suction used in the clinical setting is -20cm of water.
32. TECHNIQUES.
• Two techniques are most commonly used to place a chest tube.
• The standard technique
• The seldinger technique
Role of ultrasound or other imaging – Ultrasound or other imaging modalities
(eg. Fluoroscopy, computed tomography) can be used to guide chest tube
placement.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. • Use a sterile, gloved finger to appreciate the size of the tract and to feel for lung
tissue and possible adhesions.
• Rotate the finger 360o to appreciate the presence of dense adhesions that cannot
be broken and require placement of the chest tube in a different site, preferably
under fluoroscopy(ie. By interventional radiology).
• Measure the length between the skin incision and the apex of the lung to estimate
how far the chest tube should be inserted. If desired, place a clamp over the tube to
mark the estimated length.
Some prefer to clamp the tube at a distal point, memorizing the estimated length.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51. Strap the emerging chest tube on to the lower trunk with a ‘mesentery’ fold of
adhesive tape, as this avoids kinking of the tube as it passes through the chest wall. It
also helps reduce wound site pain and discomfort for the patient. All connections are
then taped in their long axis to avoid disconnections.
52.
53.
54.
55. • So to minimize the likelihood of developing re-expansion pulmonary edema, if the
patient develops coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath or oxygen desaturation
after chest tube placement, the chest tube should be clamped and no additional fluid
should be removed.
• We limit initial fluid drainage from 1 to 1.5 liters by clamping the chest tube and
waiting 2 to 4 hrs before draining additional fluid, provided symptoms have
resolved.
56. • Patients with large effusion and mediastinal shift contralateral to the chest tube
may tolerate a larger amount of initial fluid removal. Patients without mediastinal
shift or with mediastinal shift ipsilateral to the chest tube may have a marked
decrease in pleural pressure with a small amount of fluid removal and an
increased risk of re-expansion pulmonary edema.
57.
58. No visible air leak is present and air does not accumulate when suction is removed.
If there is any question as to whether an air leak has resolved, a ‘clamp trial’ can be
performed. The chest tube is clamped and a chest radiograph repeated at intervals
(eg 2 hours ,6 hours, 12 hours). If air does not re-accumulate, the tube can be
removed.
• Opinion is divided as to whether a chest tube placed for pneumothorax in a
patient receiving mechanical ventilation should remain in place as long as the
patient requires mechanical ventilation even when no air leak is present.
59. CRITERIA; EFFUSION.
• The lung is fully expanded.
• Daily fluid output is less than about 100 to 300 mL/day.
The threshold is individualized depending upon the indication for the insertion
and patient factors(eg, body mass).
60. REMOVAL TECHNIQUE.
• In preparation for removal;
Obtain a petroleum gauze dressing and
Cut the sutures anchoring the chest tube to the skin.
If the sutures holding the skin together have loosened, tighten them prior to chest
tube removal. Have several strips of occlusive tape already dispensed to apply to the
dressing once the tube has been removed.
Prior to removing the tube, it should be explained to patients that they will need to
inspire deeply and hold their breath during tube removal.
61.
62. • Tape the dressing into place and obtain a chest radiograph
immediately following chest tube removal and 24 hours later to
evaluate for recurrence of pneumothorax and/or re-accumulation of
fluid.
63. COMPLICATIONS.
• Improper placement;
• Horizontal (over the diaphragm)- acceptable for hemothorax; should be repositioned for
pneumothorax.
• Subcutaneous – must be repositioned.
• Placed too far into the chest (against the apical pleura)-should be retracted.
• Placed into the abdominal space-should be removed.
• Bleeding;
• Local-usually responds to direct pressure.
• Hemothorax (lung vs intercostal artery injury) – might require thoracotomy if it does not resolve
spontaneously.
64. • Hemoperitoneum (liver or spleen injury) – requires emergent laparotomy.
• Organ penetration (usually requires surgical repair)
• Stomach colon or diaphragm – occurs as a result of unrecognized diaphragmatic hernia.
• Lung – occurs as a result of pleural adhesions or use of a thoracostomy tube trocar.
• Liver or spleen.
• Tube dislodgement.
• Empyema- chest tube (foreign object) could introduce bacteria into the pleural space.
• Retained pneumothorax or hemothorax – might require insertion of a second chest
tube.