Lecture 7-2
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The United States is the world's leading agricultural nation despite having less than 8% of the world's land suitable for farming and less than 3% of its population involved in agriculture. The US produces about 20% of the world's wheat, corn, oats and sorghum as well as being responsible for 14% of dairy products and 17% of meat globally. Additionally, American farmers face the challenge of overproducing food and agricultural products, which has lowered prices and caused difficulties for some farmers.
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Organic Feed Position Paper 2015-09-15
The document discusses the conventional grains market in the United States. It notes that grains dominate US agriculture both financially and in acreage. Corn, soybeans, and wheat account for the majority of US cropland. While the market for conventional grains is large, it generates relatively low profits for farmers due to commodity pricing and oversupply. The document argues there is opportunity to grow organic grains, which command higher prices and have greater profit potential.
Global food crisis
The global food crisis was caused by poor weather, high oil prices, increased biofuel production, and rising populations with low grain reserves. This led to rising food and transportation costs. Countries reduced exports while stocks of corn, wheat, and soybeans hit historic lows. India began importing wheat and China allocated food subsidies to offset inflation. Kenya, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe faced acute food shortages. In response, governments committed over $1.2 billion in aid and IFAD made $200 million available to boost food production. Food prices later dropped due to increased yields and decreased demand during an economic slowdown, but surpassed 2008 highs again by 2011.
Agriculture in usa
Agriculture in the US employs only 2% of the population but uses highly mechanized and productive farming techniques on 20% of US lands. US agriculture operates more like a business focused on large surpluses and profits, using immigrant and marginalized labor mainly for harvesting. The government protects US agriculture through subsidies and import restrictions to support domestic farmers' livelihoods, but this makes it difficult for other countries to compete in global markets.
Population Composition & Structure - Food Supply
The document discusses population composition and food production trends around the world. It notes that Africa, Asia, and Latin America currently have the youngest populations, while Europe has the oldest. In the US, about 1 in 8 Americans are elderly, a proportion that has been increasing since 1900 due to high birth rates in the late 19th/early 20th century and declining mortality. Over two-thirds of global cropland is used to grow cereals and grains, which provide half of global caloric intake. While food production doubled between 1950-1990, production per capita has declined since 1984. China accounts for a large portion of food output but also population in developing regions. Strategies to increase yields include fertilizers, irrigation, and
The Global Food Crisis
"The world's 200 wealthiest people have as much money as about 40% of the global population, and yet 850 million people have to go
to bed hungry every night."
Hugo Chavez, Venezuela’s socialist president: “The problem is not the production of food … it is the economic, social and political model of the world. The capitalist model is in crisis.”
Zero carbon agriculture: Is it possible?
Zero carbon agriculture: Is it possible?CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
This document discusses making agriculture more sustainable and reducing its carbon emissions. It outlines how agricultural practices and technologies can sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gases. These include no-till farming, cover crops, precision irrigation, and crop breeding. The document argues that compensating farmers financially for carbon sequestration through carbon pricing could incentivize more sustainable practices. Bayer is partnering with farmers and the industry to develop digital tools to quantify field carbon and verify reductions, with the goal of making zero carbon agriculture a reality.Food waste
The document discusses the large amount of food waste globally and its environmental and economic impacts. Some key details:
- 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted globally each year, amounting to 1/3 of all food produced for human consumption.
- In the US, over 60 million tons of food is wasted annually, enough to feed all 800 million starving people twice over.
- Common wasted foods include bread, bagged salads, fresh vegetables, cooked leftovers, fresh fruits, milk and eggs.
- Food waste has negative consequences such as biodiversity loss, waste of fertile land, increased carbon footprint and climate change impacts.
American Family Farmers Feed 155 People Each- 2% Americans Farm
Farming is a way of life, a safe environment to raise children and to live a productive life that co...
Recommended
Organic Feed Position Paper 2015-09-15
The document discusses the conventional grains market in the United States. It notes that grains dominate US agriculture both financially and in acreage. Corn, soybeans, and wheat account for the majority of US cropland. While the market for conventional grains is large, it generates relatively low profits for farmers due to commodity pricing and oversupply. The document argues there is opportunity to grow organic grains, which command higher prices and have greater profit potential.
Global food crisis
The global food crisis was caused by poor weather, high oil prices, increased biofuel production, and rising populations with low grain reserves. This led to rising food and transportation costs. Countries reduced exports while stocks of corn, wheat, and soybeans hit historic lows. India began importing wheat and China allocated food subsidies to offset inflation. Kenya, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe faced acute food shortages. In response, governments committed over $1.2 billion in aid and IFAD made $200 million available to boost food production. Food prices later dropped due to increased yields and decreased demand during an economic slowdown, but surpassed 2008 highs again by 2011.
Agriculture in usa
Agriculture in the US employs only 2% of the population but uses highly mechanized and productive farming techniques on 20% of US lands. US agriculture operates more like a business focused on large surpluses and profits, using immigrant and marginalized labor mainly for harvesting. The government protects US agriculture through subsidies and import restrictions to support domestic farmers' livelihoods, but this makes it difficult for other countries to compete in global markets.
Population Composition & Structure - Food Supply
The document discusses population composition and food production trends around the world. It notes that Africa, Asia, and Latin America currently have the youngest populations, while Europe has the oldest. In the US, about 1 in 8 Americans are elderly, a proportion that has been increasing since 1900 due to high birth rates in the late 19th/early 20th century and declining mortality. Over two-thirds of global cropland is used to grow cereals and grains, which provide half of global caloric intake. While food production doubled between 1950-1990, production per capita has declined since 1984. China accounts for a large portion of food output but also population in developing regions. Strategies to increase yields include fertilizers, irrigation, and
The Global Food Crisis
"The world's 200 wealthiest people have as much money as about 40% of the global population, and yet 850 million people have to go
to bed hungry every night."
Hugo Chavez, Venezuela’s socialist president: “The problem is not the production of food … it is the economic, social and political model of the world. The capitalist model is in crisis.”
Zero carbon agriculture: Is it possible?
Zero carbon agriculture: Is it possible?CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
This document discusses making agriculture more sustainable and reducing its carbon emissions. It outlines how agricultural practices and technologies can sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gases. These include no-till farming, cover crops, precision irrigation, and crop breeding. The document argues that compensating farmers financially for carbon sequestration through carbon pricing could incentivize more sustainable practices. Bayer is partnering with farmers and the industry to develop digital tools to quantify field carbon and verify reductions, with the goal of making zero carbon agriculture a reality.Food waste
The document discusses the large amount of food waste globally and its environmental and economic impacts. Some key details:
- 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted globally each year, amounting to 1/3 of all food produced for human consumption.
- In the US, over 60 million tons of food is wasted annually, enough to feed all 800 million starving people twice over.
- Common wasted foods include bread, bagged salads, fresh vegetables, cooked leftovers, fresh fruits, milk and eggs.
- Food waste has negative consequences such as biodiversity loss, waste of fertile land, increased carbon footprint and climate change impacts.
American Family Farmers Feed 155 People Each- 2% Americans Farm
Farming is a way of life, a safe environment to raise children and to live a productive life that co...
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The first SIANI expert group meeting on China’s global land-investments was held at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) in Stockholm, on 18 October 2011. This report provides a brief summary of the content of discussion and a brief re-cap of the purpose of the expert group. It is primarily intended to “re-fresh” the memory of those that participated, and to give an indication to those that could not participate of what topics were discussed.
Here, you may also download the presentations by Marie Olsson and Kerstin Greppert.
The agricultural sector2
The document discusses the agricultural sector in the Philippines, including agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. It notes that agriculture is very important as it provides food, clothing, and shelter. It also employs over half the world's workforce. The main agricultural products are crops like rice, wheat, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. It then provides details on agriculture in different regions around the world. It discusses the importance of the fisheries sector and sources of fish. It also outlines the current state of agriculture, fisheries, forestry and their key challenges in the Philippines.
Smc Newsletter March 06
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On average, it takes about ten calories of fossil fuels to produce each calorie of food for Americans due to farm machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, processing, packaging, refrigeration and transportation. If fossil fuels become scarce, fertilizer and pesticide use will decline which will reduce crop yields and acreage. Food processing and transportation will also become more expensive and difficult. People can help by supporting local agriculture and becoming less dependent on processed and long-distance transported food.
Agriculture of Bangladesh
This slide is about Agriculture of Bangladesh. it includes the following topics:
Characteristics of BD Agriculture
Types of Agricultural Crops
Crops Calendar of BD
Crops Pattern of BD
Why pattern varies over the Country
Land Use in BD
Land Use change Detection
Comparative data study
Map Study
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Agriculture is Kenya's economic backbone, contributing over 25% to GDP. Around 1 million hectares are under irrigation with a goal to transform subsistence farming. The major agricultural subsectors are tea, coffee, sugarcane, and cotton. Hunger affects over 1 billion people worldwide, most pronounced in rural Africa and Asia in drought-prone areas. Food insecurity is caused by factors like poverty, insecure land tenure, climate change, and world food prices. Solutions include responsive food policy, farming incentives, education, and advocacy.
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1. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing around 16% to GDP and employing over 75% of the rural population.
2. India is the second largest producer of farm output globally and the largest producer of milk, cashews, coconuts, tea, and several other crops.
3. Agriculture has played a crucial role in meeting India's food needs and making the country self-sufficient in food grains production.
Agriculture in bangladesh
This document provides information about agriculture in Bangladesh. It discusses the country's total land area and land available for cultivation. It also mentions strategies and objectives for ensuring food security and becoming a middle income country by specific years. The document summarizes characteristics of Bangladeshi agriculture, challenges it faces, and opportunities within the sector. Finally, it provides statistics on production amounts for various food crops, livestock populations, and annual fish production totals.
aagneya
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Agriculture in Bangladesh
This document summarizes agriculture in Bangladesh. It notes that agriculture makes up 21% of Bangladesh's GDP and 48% of its labor force. Some of the key challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture are population growth, climate change, lack of mechanization, and fragmented land plots. The document also discusses strategies to achieve food security and make Bangladesh a middle income country by 2022. It outlines both challenges posed by climate change and ways of adapting to and mitigating its effects, such as developing stress-tolerant varieties and coastal green belts. Collective efforts across different sectors are needed to ensure sustainable agricultural development.
Opulace of pakistan
Pakistan's economy is largely based on agriculture, which contributes around 23% of GDP. Agriculture includes livestock breeding, fish farming, poultry farming, and forestry. Pakistan is a major global producer of crops like cotton, rice, sugar cane, and wheat. Livestock also contributes significantly to agriculture and GDP. The agricultural sector provides many jobs and exports. However, agricultural output has not increased proportionately despite increases in agricultural credit, machinery, fertilizers, and other inputs.
Chapter 4 Notes
The document discusses topics related to agriculture and society, including:
- How the percentage of people farming in the US dropped from 95% in 1790 to 2% in 2000 as farms transitioned from small family operations to large corporations.
- Pennsylvania's leading agricultural products and trends toward modern farming methods, irrigation, and large-scale operations despite problems like pollution.
- How food moves from farms to markets through production, processing, packaging, transportation, distribution and wholesale markets with regulations and research.
- The 10 USDA farming regions and their major crops and livestock.
- Issues involving soil conservation, erosion, and fertilization methods to reuse and replenish soil resources.
- How
Agriculture and its importance
Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock to produce food and other goods. There are three main types of agricultural subsistence: intensive, shifting cultivation, and pastoral nomadism. Agriculture provides most of the world's food and other materials like cotton and wool.
While agriculture plays a vital role, it also presents challenges. Studying agriculture is complex with many subjects to learn. Farming lifts people out of poverty but can also harm the environment through issues like climate change and soil degradation. Modern technology helps but agriculture still impacts human health, linked to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Farmers face health risks from their work.
Food in the Developed World
1) Food issues in developed countries include overconsumption leading to widespread obesity and health problems, as well as a lack of knowledge about healthy food choices. This wastes resources and contributes to an unhealthy lifestyle and fast food industry.
2) The standard Western diet relies heavily on highly processed and unhealthy foods like red meat, sugar, fat and refined grains, obtaining nearly 1/3 of calories from junk food according to some reports.
3) Agricultural practices in developed nations require large amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, land, energy and other resources which cause environmental degradation, fossil fuel dependence and lower efficiency.
12 status in indian market d
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status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
Afghanistan agriculture information
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Afghanistan. It discusses the country's geographical location, climate zones, key crops, and agricultural practices. Some key points:
- Afghanistan's agriculture sector makes up 34% of GDP and employs 75% of the population. Wheat is the main cereal crop, accounting for 85% of cereal cultivation. Grapes are the primary fruit crop.
- The climate varies significantly by region, with average temperatures from -20C to 42C. Most rain falls from January to November.
- Traditional farming methods rely on local varieties, tools, and manure. However, the government is now promoting commercialization and investment in agriculture.
- Major challenges include poor irrigation, lack
We are what we eat
The document discusses the history and uses of corn and soybeans. It details how corn originated in Mexico around 1 A.D. as teosinte and was first farmed by Native Americans before being introduced to other cultures. Corn is now found in many processed foods due to its carbohydrates. The document also explains how hybrid corn was developed to increase yields but led to farmers needing to purchase new seeds annually. Additionally, it outlines that soybeans are high in protein and oil, making them useful for animal feed and vegetable oil production. Soybeans were introduced to the United States in 1941 and are now one of the largest crops.
Lecture 1.2
1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed west from Spain in an attempt to reach Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, beginning European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
2) Over the next few centuries, European powers including Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands established colonies throughout North and South America for wealth, trade, and religion.
3) The early English colonies included Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620, while other colonies like Maryland and Pennsylvania embraced religious tolerance. Colonization brought not only Europeans but also African slaves and farmers from other nations.
Lecture 4 (1)
From 1945 to 1970, the US experienced strong economic growth and rising living standards, though racial integration progressed slowly. The Soviet launch of Sputnik spurred increased US government investment in education and technology. Young and charismatic John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 on a message of revitalizing the country, but was assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963.
Lecture 5 (1)
The United States is a large, geographically diverse country located in North America between Canada and Mexico. It spans over 9 million square kilometers and contains vast ranges including the Appalachian Mountains in the East, the Rocky Mountains in the West, and the Great Plains in between. The country has many rivers such as the Mississippi, Missouri, and Colorado, as well as the Great Lakes along the northern border. There is also significant geographic diversity including forests, deserts, farmland, and coastlines along the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
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Eastern Africa has experienced widespread land degradation over the past century. Approximately 65% of agricultural land in Kenya has become degraded, largely through overgrazing, mismanagement, and deforestation. Soil quality has declined significantly, reducing crop production across Sub-Saharan Africa, where yields have decreased over the past 20 years unlike other regions. Improving farming practices, education, environmental protection, and aid can help address this problem.
Unites States Farming Industry Overview
Get a look at our nation's $410 billion farming industry in this Balboa Capital infographic. It has the latest statistics, revenues, trends, and more.
Driver I: Food Security
The first SIANI expert group meeting on China’s global land-investments was held at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) in Stockholm, on 18 October 2011. This report provides a brief summary of the content of discussion and a brief re-cap of the purpose of the expert group. It is primarily intended to “re-fresh” the memory of those that participated, and to give an indication to those that could not participate of what topics were discussed.
Here, you may also download the presentations by Marie Olsson and Kerstin Greppert.
The agricultural sector2
The document discusses the agricultural sector in the Philippines, including agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. It notes that agriculture is very important as it provides food, clothing, and shelter. It also employs over half the world's workforce. The main agricultural products are crops like rice, wheat, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. It then provides details on agriculture in different regions around the world. It discusses the importance of the fisheries sector and sources of fish. It also outlines the current state of agriculture, fisheries, forestry and their key challenges in the Philippines.
Smc Newsletter March 06
The discussion group will be held on March 9 from 6:30 to 8:30 PM at the Central Avenue Bakery in PG. The meeting is free and open to the public.
On average, it takes about ten calories of fossil fuels to produce each calorie of food for Americans due to farm machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, processing, packaging, refrigeration and transportation. If fossil fuels become scarce, fertilizer and pesticide use will decline which will reduce crop yields and acreage. Food processing and transportation will also become more expensive and difficult. People can help by supporting local agriculture and becoming less dependent on processed and long-distance transported food.
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This slide is about Agriculture of Bangladesh. it includes the following topics:
Characteristics of BD Agriculture
Types of Agricultural Crops
Crops Calendar of BD
Crops Pattern of BD
Why pattern varies over the Country
Land Use in BD
Land Use change Detection
Comparative data study
Map Study
Food situation & agriculture in kenya
Agriculture is Kenya's economic backbone, contributing over 25% to GDP. Around 1 million hectares are under irrigation with a goal to transform subsistence farming. The major agricultural subsectors are tea, coffee, sugarcane, and cotton. Hunger affects over 1 billion people worldwide, most pronounced in rural Africa and Asia in drought-prone areas. Food insecurity is caused by factors like poverty, insecure land tenure, climate change, and world food prices. Solutions include responsive food policy, farming incentives, education, and advocacy.
Role of agriculture in indian economy
1. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing around 16% to GDP and employing over 75% of the rural population.
2. India is the second largest producer of farm output globally and the largest producer of milk, cashews, coconuts, tea, and several other crops.
3. Agriculture has played a crucial role in meeting India's food needs and making the country self-sufficient in food grains production.
Agriculture in bangladesh
This document provides information about agriculture in Bangladesh. It discusses the country's total land area and land available for cultivation. It also mentions strategies and objectives for ensuring food security and becoming a middle income country by specific years. The document summarizes characteristics of Bangladeshi agriculture, challenges it faces, and opportunities within the sector. Finally, it provides statistics on production amounts for various food crops, livestock populations, and annual fish production totals.
aagneya
This document discusses strategies for boosting agricultural productivity in India. It notes that agriculture is the largest employer in rural India but growth has stagnated in recent years. Some key challenges facing Indian agriculture are small landholdings, dependence on monsoons, lack of infrastructure and access to markets. The document recommends improving technology training for farmers, expanding irrigation and storage capacity, protecting farmers from losses, and connecting canals to support sustainable growth in the agricultural sector.
Implementing Food Systems in Orange County
This document summarizes agricultural production and food systems in Orange County, Florida. It finds that while agriculture contributes $269.9 million annually, farms are small and scattered. The top crops are nursery, citrus, beef, and other animals. There is some urban agriculture but most farmland is planned for development. The county has 47 food manufacturers and 122 distributors, though connections between production, processing and distribution are limited. The document recommends adding food-related uses and districts to zoning codes to better connect residents to local food.
Agriculture in Bangladesh
This document summarizes agriculture in Bangladesh. It notes that agriculture makes up 21% of Bangladesh's GDP and 48% of its labor force. Some of the key challenges facing Bangladeshi agriculture are population growth, climate change, lack of mechanization, and fragmented land plots. The document also discusses strategies to achieve food security and make Bangladesh a middle income country by 2022. It outlines both challenges posed by climate change and ways of adapting to and mitigating its effects, such as developing stress-tolerant varieties and coastal green belts. Collective efforts across different sectors are needed to ensure sustainable agricultural development.
Opulace of pakistan
Pakistan's economy is largely based on agriculture, which contributes around 23% of GDP. Agriculture includes livestock breeding, fish farming, poultry farming, and forestry. Pakistan is a major global producer of crops like cotton, rice, sugar cane, and wheat. Livestock also contributes significantly to agriculture and GDP. The agricultural sector provides many jobs and exports. However, agricultural output has not increased proportionately despite increases in agricultural credit, machinery, fertilizers, and other inputs.
Chapter 4 Notes
The document discusses topics related to agriculture and society, including:
- How the percentage of people farming in the US dropped from 95% in 1790 to 2% in 2000 as farms transitioned from small family operations to large corporations.
- Pennsylvania's leading agricultural products and trends toward modern farming methods, irrigation, and large-scale operations despite problems like pollution.
- How food moves from farms to markets through production, processing, packaging, transportation, distribution and wholesale markets with regulations and research.
- The 10 USDA farming regions and their major crops and livestock.
- Issues involving soil conservation, erosion, and fertilization methods to reuse and replenish soil resources.
- How
Agriculture and its importance
Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock to produce food and other goods. There are three main types of agricultural subsistence: intensive, shifting cultivation, and pastoral nomadism. Agriculture provides most of the world's food and other materials like cotton and wool.
While agriculture plays a vital role, it also presents challenges. Studying agriculture is complex with many subjects to learn. Farming lifts people out of poverty but can also harm the environment through issues like climate change and soil degradation. Modern technology helps but agriculture still impacts human health, linked to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Farmers face health risks from their work.
Food in the Developed World
1) Food issues in developed countries include overconsumption leading to widespread obesity and health problems, as well as a lack of knowledge about healthy food choices. This wastes resources and contributes to an unhealthy lifestyle and fast food industry.
2) The standard Western diet relies heavily on highly processed and unhealthy foods like red meat, sugar, fat and refined grains, obtaining nearly 1/3 of calories from junk food according to some reports.
3) Agricultural practices in developed nations require large amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, land, energy and other resources which cause environmental degradation, fossil fuel dependence and lower efficiency.
12 status in indian market d
Agricultural, Allied Products, Agro Processed Products, its
status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
Afghanistan agriculture information
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Afghanistan. It discusses the country's geographical location, climate zones, key crops, and agricultural practices. Some key points:
- Afghanistan's agriculture sector makes up 34% of GDP and employs 75% of the population. Wheat is the main cereal crop, accounting for 85% of cereal cultivation. Grapes are the primary fruit crop.
- The climate varies significantly by region, with average temperatures from -20C to 42C. Most rain falls from January to November.
- Traditional farming methods rely on local varieties, tools, and manure. However, the government is now promoting commercialization and investment in agriculture.
- Major challenges include poor irrigation, lack
We are what we eat
The document discusses the history and uses of corn and soybeans. It details how corn originated in Mexico around 1 A.D. as teosinte and was first farmed by Native Americans before being introduced to other cultures. Corn is now found in many processed foods due to its carbohydrates. The document also explains how hybrid corn was developed to increase yields but led to farmers needing to purchase new seeds annually. Additionally, it outlines that soybeans are high in protein and oil, making them useful for animal feed and vegetable oil production. Soybeans were introduced to the United States in 1941 and are now one of the largest crops.
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Lecture 1.2
1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed west from Spain in an attempt to reach Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, beginning European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
2) Over the next few centuries, European powers including Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands established colonies throughout North and South America for wealth, trade, and religion.
3) The early English colonies included Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620, while other colonies like Maryland and Pennsylvania embraced religious tolerance. Colonization brought not only Europeans but also African slaves and farmers from other nations.
Lecture 4 (1)
From 1945 to 1970, the US experienced strong economic growth and rising living standards, though racial integration progressed slowly. The Soviet launch of Sputnik spurred increased US government investment in education and technology. Young and charismatic John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 on a message of revitalizing the country, but was assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963.
Lecture 5 (1)
The United States is a large, geographically diverse country located in North America between Canada and Mexico. It spans over 9 million square kilometers and contains vast ranges including the Appalachian Mountains in the East, the Rocky Mountains in the West, and the Great Plains in between. The country has many rivers such as the Mississippi, Missouri, and Colorado, as well as the Great Lakes along the northern border. There is also significant geographic diversity including forests, deserts, farmland, and coastlines along the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Lecture 2.2+
The document discusses the origins and key aspects of the US Constitution. It notes that the Declaration of Independence established principles of natural rights and consent of the governed. The 13 colonies were initially independent states governed by the weak Articles of Confederation. In 1787, delegates drafted a new Constitution establishing a stronger federal government with powers like taxation, foreign relations and a Supreme Court. It also created checks and balances among the three branches of government. Later, a Bill of Rights was added guaranteeing individual liberties like freedom of religion and speech.
Lecture 3+
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the US underwent rapid industrialization, with industries like oil, steel, and textiles booming. Inventions in electricity also helped drive economic growth. However, the stock market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression, with bank failures and mass unemployment. After the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, the US entered World War II and its industrial might helped ensure victories over Germany and Japan. However, the postwar period saw increased tensions with the Soviet Union and the emergence of the Cold War.
Lecture 2.3+
America's first two political parties were the Federalists, who favored a strong central government, and the Democratic-Republicans, who supported states' rights. The Whiskey Rebellion during Washington's presidency demonstrated the Federalist belief in a powerful federal authority. Subsequent presidents expanded U.S. territory through the Louisiana Purchase and victories in the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 heralded the rise of democracy and populism as the nation expanded westward, though the issue of slavery divided North and South and led to the Civil War in 1861. The war resolved the questions of secession and abolished slavery, but Reconstruction efforts were opposed and racial segregation persisted afterward.
Lecture 4 (2)
The opening of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 symbolized the remarkable political changes happening in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at that time. The Berlin Wall, which had divided East and West Berlin since 1961, was opened, allowing East German citizens to freely cross into West Berlin. This event marked the fall of communist control in Eastern Europe and was the beginning of German reunification.
Lecture 7 -1
The document traces the development of the American economy from its origins as marginal colonial economies through its growth into a huge, integrated, industrial powerhouse that dominated the global economy in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. It discusses how the early American economy had to be built from nothing by settlers, the economic challenges of the 1800s including financial crises and recessions, the measures taken during the 1900s like government spending to strengthen the economy during downturns, and how despite fears, the US remains a leader in many high-tech fields today although it no longer dominates globally as it once did due to its relatively small population.
Lecture 3 (2)
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932 and helped establish social programs like Social Security to help the US recover from the Great Depression. In 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into World War II. The US fought against Germany and Japan in Europe and the Pacific. The US developed the atomic bomb and dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, leading Japan to surrender and end the war. However, tensions grew between the US and Soviet Union afterwards over the rebuilding and occupation of Europe.
Lecture 6 (1)
The document summarizes the structure of government in the United States according to the Constitution. It outlines that the US is a federal union of 50 states with Washington D.C. as the capital. The Constitution defines the powers of the national government and leaves other responsibilities to state governments, which each have their own constitutions. Elected officials from federal, state, and local levels are voted into office by public elections.
Lecture 7 -3
More than 18.5 million Americans work in manufacturing industries, including over 2 million in machinery manufacturing. Other large industries include food production, clothing, metal goods, electronics, wood products, textiles, publishing, and paper. Alaska's main manufactured goods are canned fish and lumber, while Hawaii produces sugar and canned pineapples. There has been growth in engineering and scientific jobs in industries focused on research and labor-saving machines. New industries have emerged from discoveries in areas like atomic energy, plastics, and electronics, which now employs over 1 million people.
Lecture 2.2+
The document discusses the origins and key aspects of the US Constitution. It notes that the Declaration of Independence established principles of natural rights and consent of the governed. The 13 colonies were initially independent states governed by the weak Articles of Confederation. In 1787, delegates drafted a new Constitution establishing a stronger federal government with powers like taxation, foreign relations and a Supreme Court. It also created checks and balances among the three branches of government. Later, a Bill of Rights was added guaranteeing individual liberties like freedom of religion and speech.
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The document discusses the origins and key aspects of the US Constitution. It notes that the Declaration of Independence established principles of natural rights and consent of the governed. The 13 colonies were initially independent states governed by the weak Articles of Confederation. In 1787, delegates drafted a new Constitution establishing a stronger federal government with powers like taxation, foreign relations and a Supreme Court. It also created checks and balances among the three branches of government. Later, a Bill of Rights was added guaranteeing individual liberties like freedom of religion and speech.
Lecture 7-2
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Lecture 7-2
- 1. 2. THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURE. While its industrial and technological skills are well known, what many people, including Americans, don’t know that the USA is also the world’s leading agricultural nation. Agriculture is a major industry in the US, and the country is a net exporter of food. As of the last census of agriculture in 2007, there were 2.2 million farms, covering an area of 922 million acres, an average of 418 acres per farm.
- 2. Although agricultural activity occurs in most states, it is particularly concentrated in the vast expanse of flat, arable land known as the Great Plains, which encompasses the central region of the nation and in the region around the Great Lakes known as the Corn Belt.
- 3. America is the biggest supplier of grains, growing about 20 % of all the world’s wheat, corn, oats and sorghum. Similarly, American farmers are responsible for 14 % of the world’s dairy products, 17 % of all its meat, 27 % of its vegetables fats and oils, and over 60 % of its soybeans. This is surprising; because America’s share of the world’s land can be used for farming is less than 8 %. And because only a tiny proportion of America’s total population (less than 3 %) is involved in agriculture. America not only feeds her own people, but a great many other people in the world as well.
- 5. A problem acing American farmers is, that they produce much more food and agricultural products than ever before. Despite the great decrease of the American farm population – from 23% of the total population in 1940 to less than 2,5 % now – the agricultural output has increased more rapidly than the demand. This has lowered the price of agricultural products; some farmers are now in difficulty.
- 6. Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BB-S06QuJU What is agriculture to Americans?