This document discusses wireless sensor technologies, focusing on LoRa and LoRaWAN. It defines LoRa as a long-range wireless communication protocol that operates in the license-free ISM radio bands and can be used to connect low-power devices. LoRaWAN is described as a network protocol that allows bi-directional communication between end-point devices and a central network server using LoRa. The document outlines the key components of LoRa networks including end-point devices (nodes), gateways that connect nodes to a network server, and network servers that communicate with end-point devices via gateways. It also describes LoRa network parameters and classes of devices in LoRaWAN networks.

1. Wireless Sensors
LoRa vs LoRaWAN

2. Outline
Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)
LoRa
Devices
LoRaWAN
2

3. 3
http://www.microchip.com/design-centers/wireless-connectivity/low-power-wide-area-networks/lora-sup-reg-sup-technology

4. LoRa
4
https://www.stream-technologies.com/lora/about.html

5. LoRa
Long Range
Wireless Communication Method
Open Frequency
◦ ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical)
Frequency Bands
5

6. Open Frequency
ISM
◦ Free frequency bands
Advantages
◦ No License Required
◦ Free to anyone
Disadvantages
◦ Interference
◦ Low data rate
6

7. ISM Bands
WiFi
◦ 2.4 GHz
◦ 5 GHz
LoRA
◦ 415 MHz
◦ 868 MHz
◦ 915 MHz
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8. LoRa ISM
8

9. LoRa Parameters
Parameter Value Range Explenation
frequency 863 - 870 Mhz / 902 – 928 MHz … The frequency used to transmit data
tx power 2 - 14 dBm / 5 – 20 dBm Power used to transmit
bandwidth 125 / 250 / 500 KHz Data bandwidth
spreading factor 7 - 12 Frequency spreading factor
coding rate 4/5, 4/6, 4/7, 4/8 Error correction data are (how many error
correction bits)
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10. Devices
LoRa Transponder
Microcontroller
ADC
GPIO
10

11. Terminology
NODES
Small devices
◦ Sensors
◦ Peripherals
Slave devices
GATEWAYS
Powerful devices
Router
◦ LoRa
◦ IP Network (Ethernet/WiFi etc)
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12. LoRa Nodes
12
LoPy
868/915 MHz
ESP32
WiFi/BLE
4 MB Flash
Python
LORA GPS Hat
868/433/915 MHz
LoRa
GPS
SPI
Raspberry Pi 2/3
RN2483
868/433 MHz
Microchip

13. LoRa Nodes
13
Waspmote
Libelium
868/915 MHz
C/C++
mDot
868/433/915 MHz

14. Gateways
14

15. LoRa Gateway
IMST IC880A-SPI (Lora Lite)
LoRa -> IP
◦ Packet forwarder
8 channels at a time
Decodes multiple SF
15

16. LoRa Gateway
Kerlink IoT
LoRa -> IP
◦ Packet forwarder
8 channels at a time
Decodes multiple SF
16

17. LoRaWAN
17
http://www.atim.com/en/technologies-2/lorawan/

18. LoRaWAN
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19. Network topology
19

20. LoRaWAN Network
20
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/lorawan-10-st%C3%A5le-pettersen

21. LoRa WAN Classes
21
https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/eccc1a_acef1a0dbad649bc894a372cf8ff6beb.pd
f

22. Class A Device
22
https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/wiki/LoRaWAN/Home

23. Parameters
DevEUI
◦ Unique identifier (64 bits) for a device (similar to MAC address)
DevAddress
◦ Dynamic address (32 bits) received by device after activation (not unique)
AppEUI
◦ Unique identifier for each app (64 bits)
GatewayEUI
◦ Unique identifier (64 bits) for each gateway
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24. Activating a device
OVER THE AIR ACTIVATION (OTAA)
Parameters
◦ DevEUI
◦ AppEUI
◦ AppKey
ACTIVATION BY PERSONALIZATION (ABP)
Parameters
◦ Device Address
◦ Network Shred Key
◦ App Shared Key
Less secure
24
https://www.jaguar-network.com/en/news/lorawan-in-a-nutshell-2-internet-of-things-iot/

25. Questions?
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