More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Lorawan: What you need to know
Similar to Lorawan: What you need to know (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Lorawan: What you need to know
- 1. LoRa(Wan) what you need to know Technology overview and a practical use case: Creation of a LoraWan sensor 30/10/2017 - Paul Coomans
- 3. Internet of Things It’s all about connectivity
- 4. Types of (Wireless) Networks • PAN or Personal Area Network • Short range • Residential connection • Example technologies: • NFC • Bluetooth • Zigbee
- 5. Types of (Wireless) Networks • PAN • LAN or Local Area Network • Short range • Residential connection • Example technologies: • Wifi
- 6. Types of (Wireless) Networks • PAN • LAN • WAN or Wide Area Network • Occupies large area • Example technologies • Ethernet (Internet) • Cellular networks • LoraWAN • Sigfox • ... LPWAN
- 7. Where does LPWAN fit Personal & Local Area Network In buildings Mobile devices Short range Battery life Depending on local connection Cellular Network Coverage High data rate Long range Battery life Cost LPWAN Low power consumption low cost Long range Data rate
- 8. In summary • LoraWan network is a LPWAN • Low–Power, Wide-Area Networks • Designed to offer optimised • Battery lifetime • Range • Cost • Tradeoff • Low data rate
- 9. 02. What exactly is … Lora ? LoraWAN ?
- 10. What is LoRa® - LoRa = ‘Long Range’ - Physical layer to create long range communication link - Based on ‘Chirp spread spectrum modulation’
- 11. Chirp spread spectrum modulation - Known in military and space equipment - High immunity to noise or interfering signals - Long communication distances
- 12. What is LoRaWAN ™ ? • Built on top of the LoRa® physical layer • Communication protocols and system architecture
- 13. What is LoRaWAN ™ ?
- 14. Network Architecture • Long range star network
- 21. LoRa protocol stack Application layer MAC layer PHY layer RF layer
- 22. Layers RF PHY MAC APP
- 23. • Chirp spread spectrum modulation • Frequency chirp • Upchirp & downchirps Source: http://www.sghoslya.com/p/lora-is-chirp-spread-spectrum.html Layers RF PHY MAC APP
- 24. • Spectrogram of the Lora physical layer • 8 preamble symbols, 2 synchronisation symbols, physical payload CRC Source: http://www.sghoslya.com/p/lora-is-chirp-spread-spectrum.html Layers RF PHY MAC APP
- 25. Layers RF PHY MAC APP maximum size between 51 Bytes and 222 Bytes, depending on the SF typical 8 symbols raw data rate ranges between 22 bps (BW = 7.8 kHz and SF = 12) to 27 kbps (BW = 500 kHz and SF = 7)
- 26. • 3 classes • A • B • C Layers RF PHY MAC APP
- 27. Layers • Bidirectional communiations • End device initiates communciation (UPLINK) • Server communicates (DOWNLINK) during predetermined response windows • Battery powered devices RF PHY MAC APP Class A
- 28. • Bidirectional communiations with scheduled receive slots • Periodic beacon from gateway • Server can initiate transmission • Battery powered devices Layers RF PHY MAC APP Class B
- 29. • Bidirectional communiations • Server can initiate transmission at any time • End device is constantly receiving Layers RF PHY MAC APP Class C
- 32. Security • Device Address DevAddr • Unique within the network • Shared between End-device, Network Server, and Application Server
- 33. Security • Application Session key AppSKey • Used to encrypt the payload • Network does not need to know the payload • Application server can decrypt the information
- 34. • Network Session key NwkSKey • Used to encrypt the whole frame (MAC command) • Allows network server to verify the sender Security
- 35. Joining the network • Required information • Device Address (DevAddr) • Network Session Key (NwkSKey) • Application Session Key (AppSKey) • Activation By Personalisation (ABP) • Over The Air Activation (OTAA)
- 36. Activation By Personalisation (ABP) • Supplier of the device • Chooses fixed network provider • Registers the device receives an DevAddr • Supplier programs these into the device: • DevAddr • NwkSKey • AppSKey • Device can immediately start communicating
- 37. Over The Air Activation (OTAA) • More complicated • Not fixed to specific network operator • An globally unique AppKey is programmed into the device • The joining process will result in obtaining • DevAddr • NwkSKey • AppSKey • Keys are never sent over the air
- 38. Over The Air Activation (OTAA) continued • LoRa sends JOIN_REQUEST • contains : AppEUI, DevEUI • signed with AppKey • Network Server receives the JOIN_REQUEST • calculates AppSKey and NwkSKey. • Network Server generates JOIN_ACCEPT • includes DevAddr • LoRa Device receives JOIN_ACCEPT • encrypted with AppKey • contains DevAddr • LoRa Device can equally calculate the NwkSkey and AppSKey
- 40. BOM • LoRa modem • Microcontroller • Antenna • Battery/power supply • Subscription LoRaWAN provider • Application on webserver • Way to manage the device (application)
- 41. Building a node Teensey 3.12 RN2483 Arduino campatible Microchip – Class A
Editor's Notes
- The purpose of this session is to introduce LoRa® and LoRaWAN™, and give a technical overview of what it is and what it can do. As kind of introduction, before diving into details, … Let’s start with an overview
- Overiew:
- The internet of things (IoT) is a computing concept that describes a scenario where everyday physical objects are connected to the internet What kinds of technologuies are used in IOT? Where does LorWan fit in ?
- Pan is about devices close to my personal environment Devices connected to - Laptop / cell phone /payment terminal / .. Not always best option for IOT - network has to be present - local administration: connect device
- LAN is about devices in a company / house Not always best option for IOT - network has to be present - administration to get connected
- On the left hand: PAN + LAN On the middle and right : WAN There are several types of IoT applications with their specific requirements. One technology cannot serve all these purposes. Wifi / Bluetooth LE widely adopted personal devices Cellular technology high data througput power source available LPWAN multi-year battery lifetime small amounts of data long distance
- Before divig into LoraWan, let’s take one step back and start with LPWAN. LPWAN stands for Low–Power, Wide-Area Network Are expected to support a large portion of the Internet of Things devices (IoT). LoRaWAN™ is designed to optimize LPWANs for battery lifetime, capacity, range, and cost. Tradeoff: low data rate according to James Brehm & Associates, 86% of all IoT devices use less than 3 MB of data per month, 3GPP estimates that 99.9% of LPWAN devices will use less than 150 KB of data per month.
- Open source movement Started in Amsterdam Gateways mostly in cities, overall coverage is not yet good enough Good website lots of info
- Started more than 10 years ago as Wireless Belgium Non profit organisation National WIFI network with more than 600 access points FREE accessible
- The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands are radio bands reserved internationally In belgium only 868 band is supported by loara operators
- chirp spread spectrum modulation - uses frequency chirps with a linear variation of frequency over time
- MIC = Message Integrity Check
- - The same scheme as in class A - Additional receive slots are created: Beacon signal from gateway = synchonisation signal = sent every 128 seconds All LoRaWAN base stations transmit beacon messages at the exact same time, as they are slave to one pulse-per-second (1PPS). This means that every GPS satellite in orbit transmits a message at the beginning of every second, allowing time to be synchronized around the world. All Class B nodes are assigned a time slot within the 128 second cycle and are told when to listen. You can, for instance, tell a node to listen every tenth time slot, and when this comes up, it allows for a downlink message to be transmitted (see above diagram).
- Before we are able to let our Lora device join the network We have to know something about the organisation of the Lora network, especially the security that is built in. What does a device need? Device Address (DevAddr) Network Session Key (NwkSKey) Application Session Key (AppSKey)
- Register a device at provider DevAddr NwkSKey AppSKey can be choosen or will be provided