General Pathology

1. Prof.Dr.
Khalil Hassan Zenad
Aljeboori
Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
Lecture 27
PATHOLOGY OF LYMPHOID
SYSTEM

2. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
Spleen is an integral part of the reticuloendothelial
system and the diseases of this organ are rarely confined
to it alone, splenomegally usually reflect to more wide
spread disorder which involves additional organs such as
lymph nodes, bone marrow and liver.
Diseases of spleen

3. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
Hyperplasia of spleen with infections may be acute or chronic.
1.Acute hyperplastic splenitis: occur with septicemia or presence
of sever pyogenic infections.
2.Chronic hyperplastic splenitis: occur in advance stages of
syphilis, tuberculosis, brucellosis, infectious mononucleosis…
Infectious splenomegally:

4. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
1. Massive splenomegaly: occur in
a) Chronic myeloid leukemia.
b) Chronic lymphoid leukemia.
c) Hairy cell leukemia.
d) Lymphoma
1. Moderate splenomegaly: occur in
a) Chronic venous congestion
b) Acute leukemia
c) Hereditary spherocytosis
d) Thalassemia major
e) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Non-infectious splenomegally

5. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
Thymic hyperplasia:
Thymic follicular hyperplasia is associated with
appearance of lymphoid follicles or germinal
centers within the medulla.
Thymic follicular hyperplasia is present in most
patients with myasthenia gravis and in some other
diseases such as lupus erythematosus and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Diseases of the thymus:

6. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
Thymoma:
In which the epithelial cells constitute the neoplastic element scant or abundant T
cells(thymocytes) are present in these tumor , but these thymocytes (T.lymphocytes) are
non-neoplastic.
Classification of thymoma:
1. Benign or encapsulated thymoma in which cytologically and biologically benign.
2. Malignant thymoma:
Type  – cytologically benign but biologically aggressive able to local invasion, rarely
distand spread.
Type - thymic carcinoma: both cytologically and biologically malignant.
Grossly:
Lobulated, firm, grey-white masses, encapsulated but able to penetrate the capsule and
infiltrate of perithymic tissues.
Tumors:

7. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
1. All the thymoma made up of a mixture of epithelial cells and a variable infiltrate of
normal T cells (thymocytes or T lymphocytes).
2. In benign thymoma-spindle or elongated epithelial cells resemble the normal, populate
the medulla termed (medullary thymoma) or these cells admixed with round cortical
type epithelia termed mixed thymoma.
3. Malignant thymoma type : This type of tumor cells, cytologically bland but it showed
local invasion, metastasise in 20-25% of thymoma. It composed of epithelial cells and
normal reactive lymphocytes, the epithelial cells resemble the cortical ones but a
characteristic feature it had a penetration of capsule and invasion of adjacent
structures.
4. Malignant thymoma type : termed (thymic carcinoma) it differ from type  malignant
thymoma are malignant cytologically, mostly resemble poorly or well differentiated
squamous cell carcinoma.
Microscopically:

8. Copyrights©2017lAliraqiaUniversitylDentistrylPathologylProf.Dr.KhalilHassanZenadAljeboori.
which is composed of anaplastic cortical-type epithelia
mixed number of benign lymphocytes this type of
tumor contain the EBV gene in some cases.
The next most common malignant tumor is
lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma:

9. PRESENTATION
ENDS
Copyrights © 2017 l Aliraqia University l Dentistry l Pathology l Prof.Dr. Khalil Hassan Zenad Aljeboori.
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