This document provides details on the typical components that make up a personal computer configuration. It includes: 1. A CPU (such as an Intel i7), motherboard, video card, mouse, keyboard, monitor, speakers, printer, RAM, hard disk, CD ROM, and operating system like Windows 8. 2. Descriptions of what each component is and considerations like CPU speed, RAM types, hard disk capacity, and monitor resolution. 3. Additional context on components like what affects CPU speed, the purpose of the motherboard and video card, volatile vs non-volatile storage, and monitor types.

1. COMPUTER CONFIGURATION
A Personal Computer Consist of the following :---------------

2. CPU – Intel i 7( i- series or dual core , Pentium , Celeron , AMD).
Motherboard—Intel Original i Series, Gygabyte, ASUS
Video Card—2GB AMD ATHELON SAPHIRE, NVIDIA
Mouse and keyboard—Logitech Wireless
Monitor—Samsung LED 22inches, LG
Speaker—Creative 5.1
Printer—HP Laserjet 1018
Ram-DDR1, DDR2,DDR3
Storage Device – Hard Disk
CD ROM – For CD detection
Operating System-Windows 8
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 A central processing unit (CPU), is the component in a digital computer that interprets computer program
instructions and processes data.
 There are two major CPU manufactures for personal computers.
Intel..
AMD..
HOW FAST IS A CPU?
The speed of CPU is determined by 2 main factors.

3. Clock frequency
x86-32 bit or x64-32bit
Amount of cache memory
The higher the value the faster the CPU will be.
INTEL CPU FAMILIES
Core Processor
Pentium Processor
Celeron
i-series
Motherboard
A motherboard is the central circuit board making up a personal computer.
Video Card

4. A video card is to generate and output images to a display.
A video card is categorized by its Ram otherwise it uses the computer RAM.
Like 256MB 512MB..etc
Ram
Random access memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers.
It is the form of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed randomly.
Data stored in RAM can be modified.
RAM is a volatile storage ( Data will lose after switching off the computer).
DDR 1 – ( Double data rate) it uses the technology double clock cycle.
DDR 2 – They are capable of transfer data as twice than DDR 1.

5. DDR 3 -- They are like DDR 2 but the difference is that they have high frequency.It uses more efficient
voltage.
Hard Disk
 It is a magnetic disk in which we can store data permanently. (Data can be read or write)
 It consist of several platters .
 Speed of disk rotation usually 7200 rpm.
 Data capacity :
80 GB, 160 GB, 250 GB, 300 GB..

6. Monitor

7. A monitor is a piece of electrical equipment which displays texts and images.
It generated a temporary record because the record disappear when power off.
Monitors are measured diagonally .
The size varies upto 15-30 inches.
There are 3 major types of monitors:
1. CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
2. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
3. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
PIXEL RESPONSE RATE : Measured in milliseconds, the time it takes for a pixel to change from black to
white or to transition from one shade of gray to another shade of gray.The faster the pixel rate, the better
the monitor is at displaying video without displaying artifacts such a ghosting or blurring of moving
images.
RESOLUTION : This is the amount of pixels a monitor can display, both horizontally and vertically. For
example , a monitor with a 1,920 by 1,080 resolution can display 1,920 pixels across the width of the
screesn and 1,080 pixels from top to bottom.
Speaker

8. A loudspeaker is an electormechanical transducer which converts an electrical signal into sound.
Speakers are output devices.
It converts electrical signals coming from the computer into the sound signal .
KeyboardAnd Mouse
A Keyboard is the set of keysthat enables us to enter datainto the computer.
The keys can be classified as:
Alphanumeric keys—letters and numbers
Punctuation keys—comma,period,semicolon,and so on
Special keys—function keys ,control keys,arrow keys, Caps Lock key and so on
A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen.
It is an input device invented by Douglas Engelbartin 1963.
There are three basic types of mice:
1. mechanical: Has a rubber or metal ball on its underside that can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensors within the
mouse detect the direction the ball is rolling and move the screen pointer accordingly.
2. optomechanical: Same as a mechanical mouse, but uses optical sensors to detect motion of the ball.

9. 3. optical: Uses a laser to detect the mouse's movement. You must move the mouse along a special mat with a grid
so that the optical mechanism has a frame of reference. Optical mice have no mechanical moving parts. They
respond more quickly and precisely than mechanical and optomechanical mice, but they are also more expensive.
4. Serial mice connect directly to an RS-232C serial port or a PS/2 port. This is the simplest type of
connection.
5. PS/2 mice connect to a PS/2 port.
6. USB mice.
Cordless mice aren't physically connected at all. Instead they rely on infrared or radio waves to communicate with
the computer. Cordless mice are more expensive than both serial and bus mice, but they do eliminate the cord, which
can sometimes get in the way.
CD ROM
Type of computer storage medium that is read optically (e.g., by a LASER). A CD ROM drive uses
a low power laser beam to read digitalized (binary) data that have been encoded onto an optical
disc in the form of tiny pits, then feeds the data to computer.
It stands for compact disk ,read-only-memory (cant be altered or erased).
A standard CD 120mm polycarbonate plastic substrate .
But today the advance CD-RW or DVD or Blu ray comes.
Blu ray consist of blue-violet laser (450nm)is that it has a shorter wavelength than a red laser
(650nm) ,which makes it possible to focus the laser spot with even greater precision. This
allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less space, so it is possible to store data
which changes the aperture upto .85.
SMPS
SMPS stands for switch mode power supply.
It converts the A.C supply to desired D.C voltage.