Mediation in the Middle East
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The document discusses various mediation efforts of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over time. It outlines UN and US-led mediation attempts from 1948 to 1967 that largely failed. The Camp David Accords of 1978 saw success when US President Carter mediated direct talks between Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin, resulting in the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty. More recent mediation attempts by the US, UN and Quartet since 2000 have faced greater challenges and obstacles. The document analyzes factors that contributed to the success of the 1978 Camp David Accords and challenges facing current US envoy George Mitchell.
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US POLICIES ON MIDDLE EAST
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IntroductionThe United States has had some interest in the Middle East for a long time, and its successive administrators have strived to achieve some of these interrelated objectives. Some of the interests the US has in the Middle East include anti-terrorism interests, preventing the influence of the Soviet and Iranian, protecting Israel and Arab allies, minimizing the migration of refugees, securing energy sources, and promoting democracy in the region. Recently, the United States has downgraded its main goals in the Middle East to what they consider as intensified interests. Therefore, they are focusing on global issues such as fighting the covid-19 pandemic, slowing climate change and rebuilding global institutions. However, the establishment of the United States policy in the Middle East can be dated back to the 18th century in the first years of the United Nations existence, but it later intensified after World War Two. Its main aim was to prevent the Arab countries from Russian influence. The US also wanted to replace the United Kingdom, which safeguarded the Persian Gulf States in the 1960s and 1970s; thus, it wanted to ensure a stable flow of oil in the Gulf. Therefore, the US established diplomatic relations between all Arab countries except for Iran and Syria since the suspension of their relations during the Syrian civil war in 2012. However, their interests in the Middle East have lessened in recent years since the Arab spring protects. There are now focusing on ending the Arab-Israeli conflict and minimizing the spread of weapons of mass destruction. Following the United States’ involvement in the Middle East, this paper looks at policies and presidential initiatives, and actions that former administrations have created or supported. It also looks at the why and how these policies are important to USFP and Americans in general.
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The Responsibility to Protect: Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention
Author(s): Gareth Evans
Source: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), Vol. 98 (
MARCH 31-APRIL 3, 2004), pp. 78-89
Published by: American Society of International Law
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78 ASIL Proceedings, 2004
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Concept of Political Mediation in International Conflict Management
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