This lecture discusses elements of coercive diplomacy and military coercion. It provides three examples: the Battle of Britain in 1940, the bombing of Germany in WWII, and NATO's air war against Serbia in 1999. The Battle of Britain and bombing of Germany failed to coerce their targets due to miscalculations of pain thresholds and unwillingness of leaders to negotiate. NATO initially struggled against Serbia due to limited attacks and mixed messages, but escalated attacks combined with political isolation eventually coerced Serbia's leader to agree to demands. Effective coercion requires capability, credibility, clear communication, and understanding one's opponent.