This document provides definitions of critical thinking from Edward Glaser, Michael Scriven and Richard Paul, and Richard Paul and Linda Elder. It introduces the topic of critical thinking and asks students to reflect on what they know about it. Key points introduced include that critical thinking involves considering problems thoughtfully using logical reasoning methods, actively applying and evaluating information to guide beliefs and actions, and overcoming biases by imposing intellectual standards. Students are then asked to demonstrate their understanding through an exercise and reflection.

1. Introduction
to Critical
Thinking
Lecture 1
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2. Learning Outcome
Students should be able to define critical thinking
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3. Ask yourself
• What do you know about
critical thinking?
• Do you want to be a
critical thinker?
• Why is critical thinking
important?
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4. Definition
of critical
thinking Edward Glaser
(1941)
Michael Scriven
& Richard Paul
(1987)
Richard Paul &
Linda Elder
(2008)
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5. Edward Glaser (1941)
Defines critical thinking as the ability to think critically: this involves
three things:
( 1 ) an attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the
problems and subjects that come within the range of one's
experiences,
(2) knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, and
(3) some skill in applying those methods.
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6. Michael Scriven & Richard Paul
(1987)
Critical thinking is defined as the intellectually disciplined process of
actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing,
and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by,
observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a
guide to belief and action.
Has two components:
1) a set of information and belief generating and processing skills,
2) the habit, based on intellectual commitment, of using those skills to
guide behavior.
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7. Richard Paul & Linda
Elder (2008)
• Critical thinking is that mode of thinking - about any
subject, content, or problem - in which the thinker
improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully
taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and
imposing intellectual standards upon them.
• Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-
disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective
thinking.
• It entails effective communication and problem-solving
abilities and a commitment to overcome our native
egocentrism and sociocentrism.
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Malaysia

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UiTM Malaysia

9. So…what do
you
understand
about critical
thinking?
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10. Let’s try this
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11. Class Exercise:
• Express yourself using a different medium.
• You may choose to express your feeling using
• Visual
OR
• Audio
• Present your expression to the class
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12. Reflection
Can you now define critical thinking?
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