Triage originated during World War I to prioritize treatment of wounded soldiers. It involves sorting patients into three categories based on need for immediate care. The goal of triage is to rapidly identify life-threatening conditions and determine the most appropriate treatment area, while decreasing congestion and providing ongoing assessment. The triage nurse greets patients, performs brief assessments, documents findings, assigns priority levels, and communicates with treatment staff. Triage is a dynamic process that involves reassessing patients, as conditions can improve or deteriorate during the wait for care.

1. Triage
Paleerat Jariyakanjana, MD
Emergency Physician
Faculty of Medicine
Naresuan University
30 Nov 2012

3. originated in WW I by French
doctors treating the battlefield wounded at
the aid stations behind the front
3 categories
 Those who are likely to live, regardless of what care
they receive
 Those who are likely to die, regardless of what care
they receive
 Those for whom immediate care might make a
positive difference in outcome

4. simplest term: the sorting or
prioritizing of items
Concepts
1) Utility
2) Relevance
3) Validity
 1º operational objectives: time to see
physician

5. Assigning Triage
"usual presentation"
 not totally dictated by the presenting complaint
vital signs, PEFR, O2 saturation, pain
scales

6. Goals of Triage
A. To rapidly identify patients with urgent,
life threatening conditions.
B. To determine the most appropriate
treatment area for patients presenting
to the ED.
C. To decrease congestion in emergency
treatment areas.
D. To provide ongoing assessment of
patients.
E. To provide information to patients and
families regarding services expected
care and waiting times.
F. To contribute information that helps to
define departmental acuity.

7. Role of Triage Personnel
The triage nurse should have rapid
access or be in view of the
registration and waiting areas at all
times.

8. Role of Triage Personnel
1. Greets client and family in a warm empathetic
manner.
2. Performs brief visual assessments.
3. Documents the assessment.
4. Triages clients into priority groups using
appropriate guidelines.
5. Transports client to treatment area when
necessary.
6. Gives report to the treatment nurse or
emergency physician, documents who report
was given to and returns to the triage area.
7. Keeps patients/families aware of delays.
8. Reassesses waiting clients as necessary.
9. Instructs clients to notify triage nurse of any
change in condition.

9. Role of Triage Personnel
Accurate: based on
 Practical knowledge gained through experience and
training.
 Correct identification of signs or symptoms.
 Use of guidelines and triage protocols.
recorded on all patients, during all
shifts

10. General Triage Guidelines
dynamic process
 A patient’s condition may improve OR deteriorate
during the wait for entry to the treatment area.
Triage Process: Primary survey vs
Primary Nursing Assessment
The need to meet time objectives for
triage assignment within 10 minutes
of arrival means that the triage
assessment may be limited to 2
minutes unless there are other
operational policies like bringing on
more triage personnel.

11. The triage assessment
1. Chief complaint
2. Subjective
3. Objective
4. Additional Information:
 Allergies
 Medications

12. Reassessment
Objectives for time to Nursing
reassessment is related to triage level
exceeded the time objective: up
triaged

13. Documentation Standards
1. Date and time of triage assessment.
2. Nurse’s name.
3. Chief complaint or presenting concerns.
4. Limited subjective history: onset of
injury/symptoms
5. Objective observation.
6. Triage Level
7. Location in the department.
8. Report to treatment nurse.
9. Allergies
10.Medications
11.Diagnostic, first aid measures, therapeutic
interventions.
12.Reassessment(s).

14. TRIAGE & ACUITY SCALE
CATEGORY DEFINITIONS

20. Level I Resuscitation
Conditions that are threats to life or
limb (or imminent risk of
deterioration) requiring immediate
aggressive interventions.

21. Level II Emergent
Conditions that are a potential threat
to life limb or function, requiring rapid
medical intervention or delegated
acts.

22. Level II Emergent

23. Level III Urgent
Conditions that could potentially
progress to a serious problem
requiring emergency intervention.

24. Level IV Less Urgent
(Semi urgent)
Conditions that related to patient age,
distress, or potential for deterioration
or complications would benefit from
intervention or reassurance within 1-2
hours.

25. Level V Non Urgent
Conditions that may be acute but non-
urgent as well as conditions which
may be part of a chronic problem with
or without evidence of deterioration.

27. ANY QUESTIONS?