1. The document discusses various internet concepts including networks, protocols, and common internet services like the World Wide Web, email, instant messaging, file transfer protocol, internet protocol television, voice over internet protocol, and internet radio. 2. It also defines commonly used terms related to the internet such as uniform resource locators, hyperlinks, internet service providers, web browsers, and search engines. 3. Additional topics covered include really simple syndication, cookies, internet caching, and how caching works to speed up loading web pages from local copies on a user's hard disk rather than downloading from the original site.

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Communication
Lecture One
Introduction to the internet concept
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Internet Concepts (‫ئینتەرنێت‬ ‫)چەمکی‬
Network (‫شبکات‬ ‫یا‬ ‫:)تۆڕ‬ is group of connected and
communicated devices.
Internet: is global network of computer networks.
Protocol: is a set of rules that govern data communication.
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Internet Services
1-WWW (World Wide Web or Web): the World Wide
Web is a collection of interlinked documents on the
internet. Examples : www.facebook.com,
www.google.com, www.xendan.org
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2-Instant Messaging (IM):is a type of online
chat which offers real-time text transmission.
Examples : Yahoo Messenger, Paltak
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3-Electronic Mail (Email): is method of exchanging
digital messages from one sender to one or more
recipients. Examples : Gmail, yahoo mail, outlook.
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4-File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is a standard protocol
used to transfer computer files from one host to another
over the internet, contains two things Upload and
Download , Examples of website for uploading and
downloading files : 4shared, Torrent, Media fire
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5-IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) Examples of online
televisions : Kooora online, Kurdsat live, Rudaw live
6-VOIP( Voice Over Internet Protocol) Examples : Viber,
Tango , Skype
7-IR(Internet Radio) : examples : xendan radio, Rudaw
radio
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Some commonly used term (‫باو‬ ‫زاراوەی‬ ‫هەندێک‬)
• URL (Uniform Resource Locators): is a text
address that uniquely identifies a web page on
the internet.
Example :
http://www.Google.com
Protocol Service Domain
name
Top- level domain
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• Hyperlink : is a piece of text, or graphic that acts like
button, clicking a hyperlink perform an action such as
moving to a different part of the same page or another
page.
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• ISP (Internet Service Provider): is a business that
supplies internet services to individuals, companies,
government organization…etc.
Examples : Newroz Telecom(Rerber), Tishknet
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• Web browser: is an application program that enables
to view individual web pages or collection of
interlinked web pages that comprise websites.
Examples Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet
Explorer
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Search Engines
A search engine is a tool designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web. The search
results are usually presented in a list.
Examples
• www.google.com
• www.yahoo.com
• www.ask.com
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RSS (Really Simple Syndication): is a family of
web feed formats used to publish frequently
updated works—such as news headline, audio,
video.
Example : Google Reader, Freedly
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Cookies: are usually small text file, given ID
tags that are stored on your computer’s browser
directory, to keep track of your movements
within the site,
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Internet Cache: Each time you display a web site
within your web browser, a copy of the information
(both text and pictures) is saved on your hard disk.
The reason for this is that the next time you want to
re-visit the site, the information is quickly loaded
from the copy on your hard disk, rather than slowly
from the actual Internet site.
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