This document introduces the concept of linked data through defining it as a method of publishing structured data on the web so that it can be interlinked and made more useful for computers to process. It explains how linked data builds upon standard web technologies like HTTP, RDF and URIs but extends them to share information in a way that is machine-readable rather than just for humans. The document then provides examples of how linked data can enrich data about people, places and other resources by connecting the information to structured data sources on the web.
Promises and Pitfalls: Linked Data, Privacy, and Library CatalogsEmily Nimsakont
Presented at the Spring Meeting of the Nebraska Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Round Table and Technical Services Round Table, Marc 6 ,2015
An introduction to linked data (semantic web) for a Knowledge and Information Network (KIN) webinar. The presentation shows some examples of linked data in action, data visualization, difference between open and linked data and how linkd data is being used in UK gov and local gov.
The goal of the Semantic Web is
to create a universal medium for the exchange of DATA.
The Data Web envisions the web as a world-wide interlinked structured data.
Promises and Pitfalls: Linked Data, Privacy, and Library CatalogsEmily Nimsakont
Presented at the Spring Meeting of the Nebraska Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Round Table and Technical Services Round Table, Marc 6 ,2015
An introduction to linked data (semantic web) for a Knowledge and Information Network (KIN) webinar. The presentation shows some examples of linked data in action, data visualization, difference between open and linked data and how linkd data is being used in UK gov and local gov.
The goal of the Semantic Web is
to create a universal medium for the exchange of DATA.
The Data Web envisions the web as a world-wide interlinked structured data.
As part of a 5 series discussion, this informal learning group discussion focused on the overview of Semantic web and an introduction to Linked Data principles. Additionally participants received an overview of the foundations of triple statement. Instructor then led a hands on triple statement activity
As part of a 5 series discussion, this informal learning group discussion focused on the overview of Semantic web and an introduction to Linked Data principles. Additionally participants received an overview of the foundations of triple statement. Instructor then led a hands on triple statement activity
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
Web of Data as a Solution for Interoperability. Case StudiesSabin Buraga
The paper draws several considerations regarding the use of Web of Data (Semantic Web) technologies – such as metadata vocabularies and ontological constructs – to increase the degree of interoperability within distributed systems. A number of case studies are presenting to express the knowledge in a
platform- and programming language-independent manner.
Brief overview of linked data and RDF followed by use in libraries and archives. Originally delivered at OLITA Digital Odyssey 2014. Revised for the OLA Superconference 2015
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
OPAC Via Primo (OvP): Sorting Out What is Primo and What is the ILSAlison Hitchens
Explanation of Ex Libris software Primo in terms of what is controlled by the discovery layer (Primo) and what is controlled by the Integrated Library System (e.g. Voyager) when you are using OPAC via Primo (OvP). Presented at ELUNA 2014 in Montreal.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. 2
Objective
To
introduce the concept of linked data
without too much technical stuff!
(because every conference you attend
these days mentions linked data or linked
open data or linked library data or linked
open library data!)
(or you will see tweets with #lod #lodlam)
Introducing Linked Data
3. 3
Definition of Linked Data
"describes a method of publishing
structured data so that it can be interlinked
and become more useful. It builds upon
standard Web technologies such as
HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using
them to serve web pages for human
readers, it extends them to share
information in a way that can be read
automatically by computers.” (emphasis
added)
Introducing Linked Data
From Wikipedia linked data page
4. 4
Human-readable vs. machineactionable*
Look
at this Wikipedia page and tell me
what you know about Margaret Atwood
from looking at the page
*rather than machine-readable, library
consultant Karen Coyle often uses the term
actionable data, which I find easier to
understand. See her Library Technology
Report on the semantic web.
Introducing Linked Data
6. 6
A linked data web
Alison’s
guide to
Margaret
Atwood
person
Is subject of
Margaret
Atwood
Is type of
Has homepage
Undefined
URL link
http://margaret
atwood.ca/
Inspired by a semantic web
slide by Eric Miller
Introducing Linked Data
8. 8
Identify your data
This
resource is a person
Name: “Margaret Atwood”
Birth date: 19391118
Place of birth: Ottawa, Ontario
Occupation: novelist
Occupation: poet
Author of: “The Handmaid’s Tale”
Introducing Linked Data
9. 9
Publish your data on the web
The
Virtual International Authority File
(VIAF) combines authorities from many
national libraries and has made the
records available on the web
With a permanent identifier
In multiple web-friendly formats
Go to Record for Margaret Atwood in VIAF
Introducing Linked Data
10. 10
Make connections
Build
connections between your data
records and other datasets
Many datasets link to DbPedia which is
the data behind Wikipedia
Go to DbPedia page for Margaret Atwood
and find the VIAF identifier
Introducing Linked Data
11. 11
The famous linked data cloud
The
linked data cloud shows the
connections between datasets on the
web
Excerpt from: “Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.
http://lod-cloud.net/”
Introducing Linked Data
12. 12
Connect your data
This
resource is a person
Use class of persons from the Friend of a
Friend (FOAF)ontology
Place
of birth: Ottawa, Ontario
Could link to Geonames
Occupation:
Could link to LCSH term
Author
novelist
of: “The Handmaid’s Tale”
Could link to The Open Library page
Introducing Linked Data
13. 13
Library Use Cases*
Enrich
our bibliographic data
Enrich our authority data
Align subject vocabularies
Share our unique collections and
information
*for our next linked data session!
Introducing Linked Data
14. 14
Some technical stuff*
Ideally
everything has a uniform resource
identifier (URI) e.g. http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990
Data is modeled using Resource
Description Framework (RDF)
Use a common format such as Extensible
Markup Language (XML)
*for our next linked data session!
Introducing Linked Data
15. 15
Some resources
Colye, Karen. Understanding the semantic web: bibliographic data
and metadata. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010
(Library Technology reports ; v. 46, no. 1) access at
http://www.metapress.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/content/g212v1
783607/ (subscription required)
Harper, Corey. Library linked data: tuning library metadata for the
semantic web. An ALCTS webcast, March 16. 2011. access at
http://www.ala.org/alcts/confevents/upcoming/webinar/cat/0316
11 (open access)
Berners-Lee, Tim. The next web. A TED talk, February 2009. access at
http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html
(open access)
Heath, Tom and Christian Bizer (2011) Linked Data: Evolving the
Web into a Global Data Space. 1st ed. Morgan & Claypool, 2011.
(Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and
Technology, 1:1) http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/ (open
access)
Introducing Linked Data
16. 16
Acknowledgments
Thank
you to library consultant Karen
Coyle who explains these concepts in
such a straight-forward way
Thank you to Corey Harper at NYU and MJ
Suhonos who are very patient and
encouraging; they have answered many
of my LOD questions and reviewed
presentations for me
Introducing Linked Data
I first heard about linked data when I started teaching Classification & Indexing at FIMS; the previous instructor had a section on the Semantic Web and I thought “What the heck is that???” Now it has become fairly common to see posts, webinars, conference sessions, workshops, courses and so on about this thing called linked data. Today I want to introduce this topic too you but try to stick to concepts rather than the technical side of how it is accomplished.
Here is a definition of linked data from Wikipedia, because many us turn to Wikipedia for a quick introduction to terms we don’t know! There are a few things to point out here:Publishing data so that is available on the webThe concept of structured dataThe difference between how humans consume information on the web and how computers consume information on the webWe’re going to talk about these although not necessarily in this order. Don’t worry about HTTP, RDF and URI at the moment if you don’t know those terms. What is important is the use of standards.
To start we’re going to take a quick look at this Wikipedia page for Margaret Atwood. What can you tell me about Margaret Atwood from viewing this page?Some of the things we know:Margaret Atwood is a person – how do we know this? She looks like a person, she has a birth date and place, she is an author– because the type of information given is the type that we associate with being a personWhere and when she was born, what she does, what she has written, what her father did, that she was a voracious reader, when she started writing and so onWe can easily digest these sentences and make meaning from themWe also assume, for example, then when we click on “Arthur C. Clarke Award” it will take us to a page about that awardThis page is pretty easy to understand and use by a person who reads English.
In the classic web a machine would have a hard time acting on the information on a webpage in any meaningful way. It can follow links from one page to another but it doesn’t have any information about how those pages relate to each other and what information those pages have about a resource.You would simply click on the link text or URL and the machine would take you to that new location. The two resources are simply linked by a miscellaneous, meaningless hyperlink. You might assume that clicking on a particular link is taking you to Margaret Atwood’s homepage but the computer is simply going from one resource location to another.
In the linked data web we give the machines more information about the relationships between things:In some cases there is no more information, I might just have a generic hyperlink from my page about MA to her home pageBut Wikipedia, using its DbPedia service, might define that Margaret Atwood is a person, that this URL they are linking to is a homepage, and that this other page they are linking to has Margaret Atwood as a subjectI was talking to Sandra last night and her interpretation of the phrase linked data was a link from a journal article to a data set for example. But let's use this as our example. Traditionally you would have page for a journal article and then for those who know html you would put a href tab with the URL in it for the data set and you would add a nice friendly human readable description such as "link to associated dataset". This is great for humans. The machine just does what it is told and moves from one link to the next.Now imagine you have some statements about this journal article. This article is written by Sandra. This article has title Library staff training preferences for learning with data. This article has dataset training survey results. and these statements can be used together to allow the computer to follow its nose. So if this articles is written by Sandra and this article has this dataset, then this dataset is also associated with Sandra. What other datasets are associate with Sandra? and who is Sandra? if isauthor then probably a person or institution, does this person or institution have an identifier? maybe the journal site has even given a same as relationship between their ID for Sandra and an ID for Sandra in ORCID. Now the machine can send a query to ORCID to find out more about Sandra and perhaps pull in associated articles. This collection of short statements start to build up and allow us to explore from one statement to another.
It is much easier to do this if we have structured data! The way I like to show structured data is by using something that we are all familiar with to some degree – spreadsheets!If you type something like 4-30-2011 into Excel it recognizes the format and automatically changes it to a date. This is because you have used a standard, well-defined format. You can go one step further and format a cell or row of cells yourself and say to Excel these pieces of data are all dates. Excel then knows the rules for what it can do with dates. So you have one piece of information in a cell and you have told the machine the type of information it is and because of that type the machine knows what kinds of things can be done with it, for example how to sort, how to calculate number of days etc. It knows to treat dates differently than currency and differently again than textual data. Textual data itself can be totally unstructured or it might be a value in a field for example the title field of a book record in a database.
So to be structured we should identify our data and when applicable use standard formats.
Then we should make that data available on the web so that it can be used with other data. For example, other resources about Margaret Atwood could retrieve from the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) variant representations of her name and also a list of selected titles she has written. This is because VIAF has established a permanent identifier for the resource Margaret Atwood and has provided the associated data in multiple web-friendly formats.
It is especially useful if you can build connections between your data and other datasets. A useful dataset to link to is DbPedia, the dataset for Wikipedia, because many others also link here; you will have linked your data to a much larger universe with one mapping!If we look at the DbPedia page for MA we can see that it includes the VIAF identifier.
How do I know that we should link to DbPedia to link to other things? By looking at the linked data cloud! You can see the large number of connections coming in and out of DbPedia in this visualization. The library related datasets are over of the right.
So we don’t simply expose our data to the web, we make connections in various ways that will lead to other connections!
If you are interested in what this means for libraries I am happy to do a follow-up session showing library use cases. In brief here are some examples. I am currently a member of the ELUNA/IGeLU Linked Open Data Special Interest and Working Group that is collecting use cases for conversations with Ex Libris.
Additionally in a follow-up session I could talk about some of the technical details. For those who are interested I am doing a linked data session for IST on Fri. Dec. 13th at 9 a.m. in MC2009