This document provides an overview of learning theory and different types of learning. It discusses classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning, and insight learning. Classical conditioning involves associating stimuli, like Pavlov's dogs learning to associate food with a bell. Operant conditioning is demonstrated through rat training experiments. Observational learning occurs through observing others, like children learning from parents. Insight learning involves understanding through connecting ideas. The document also discusses cognitive processes, memory, and factors that influence learning motivation.

1. Learning Theory Essay
I. Presuppositions/truth claims:
Human beings are created creatures with predetermined human (distinct and separate from animal) potential and an in born slavery to imperfection
/sin. Learners may have experienced God's redemption and therefore may opt to perform in a way which will show itself at times and/or the residual
benefit of being made in God's image may at times prevail, such as a humanitarian's actions or a child doing "good". God positions man in his fallen
and therefore sinful state as neither essentially good nor even simply neutral, so the innate/native moral nature of humans is bad.
Human beings are psychologically interactive. Because humans are created in the image of God; we are born with the innate psychological and...show
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Automated processes are those stored in long term memory but accessed subconsciously or autonomously.
Environmental input may or may not be processed into the human's long term memory, and may not even be acknowledged/receive attention/be
perceived in a person's short term memory . Short term memory permits the human's conscious direct interaction with environmental factors. Humans
are interactive, constantly processing incoming sensory information by comparing and contrasting (assimilation/accommodation) and recombining it
with schematas/templates/prototypes or building upon scaffolding already in the mind. Motivation to learn is native/intrinsic to humans and the degree
to which one participates is encouraged or discouraged by many factors. These factors include the status of the person's basic needs (current
physiological and/or psychological state) and anticipation of outcome (advantage/disadvantage) of gaining said knowledge.
Understanding is connecting (compare/contrast then integrate) new ideas to pre–existing ones, forming meanings, expectations, generalizations, and
sometimes new concepts (insights may fall anywhere in this process). III. Practical Applications:
Class time is opened with an activity, usually for the whole class viewing the overhead projection/smart board, which introduces some aspect of the
lesson in an attempt to assist the student in retrieving any information he/she may already have in his memory. I
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2. psychology and learning Essay
There are many different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are
learning and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as conditioning. Conditioning emphasises the relationship between stimuli and
responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Learning may occur in different ways.
Psychologists have distinguished between different types of learning, these being Observational Learning and Insight Learning.
     Classical conditioning refers to a simple form of learning, which occurs through the repeated association of two
or more different stimuli. Learning is...show more content...
And example of operant conditioning is the training of rats to press a lever in order to obtain a food reward. The pressing of the lever (conditioned
response) is associated with the food reward (unconditioned stimulus). After a training period, the rat will show the conditioned response of pressing
the lever even without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus of the food.      Observational learning occurs when
a person or an animal uses observation of another's actions and their consequences to guide their own future actions. The person being observed is
referred to as a model. For this reason observational learning is also referred to as modeling. Observational learning involves four stages, attention,
retention, reproduction and motivation–reinforcement. Attention is when the learner observers the actions of the model (The higher the status of the
model the more attention the learner will pay and the closer their imitations will be to the models actions). Retention is when the learner retains in their
memory what they have just observed. Reproduction is when the learner will reproduce or imitate the actions of the model that they have just observed.
Reproduction is when the learner reproduces or imitates what they have just observed. Motivation–reinforcement can come in various ways. External
reinforcement, through praise for doing something well, self–reinforcement, through the
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3. Social Learning Theory Essay
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory describes the process through which people acquire new info, forms of behavior, or attitudes from others
firsthand or vicariously. The likelihood of a behavior presenting itself will rely on the amount of reinforcement it receives and the value that the
individual associates to it. While some behavior may be rewarded, others may produce unfavorable responses. An individual will learn from the
consequences of these actions and when a similar situation arises, they will alter their behavior according to what was most successful in the past.
Through the Social Learning Theory, one can absorb new behaviors from others or one can form attitudes toward something that can in turn influence
behavior. The...show more content...
Cases of domestic abuse are good examples of such learning. On a positive note, pro–social behavior is another result of indirect and direct social
learning. Empathy and morals are major contributors to pro–social behavior that are usually learned by children from positive role models. The
possession of empathy and strong morals cause an indirect result of social learning, while the observance of another individual's pro–social behavior
will help them learn directly.
Finally, but not limited to, gender linked–behaviors can be attributed to the Social Learning Theory. Children learn to behave in ways they are
expected to behave as male or female by observing and imitating behaviors of people of their gender. After learning their gender–linked behaviors at
home, children are enforced further by their peers and school administration.
As a whole, are behavior is one of the factors on which we are judged by and are appreciated for. Seeing as the Social Learning Theory has such a
major role in shaping our behavior and has survived for so long, it can be classified as one of the most solid theories in the field of Psychology.
Additionally, what makes one favor it over other theories is the fact that it emphasizes how the interplay of personal factors, environmental factors, and
behavior conjunctly affects our behavior. Due to the fact that this theory is so influential to our lives, practical applications of it can be found
anywhere. In a
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4. Essay about Learning Theory
Learning is defined as a, "relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience" (Myers, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to
present a critical analysis of the different theoretical approaches and explanations for learning through an examination of the theories of behaviorism,
social learning and cognitive. I will investigate the principles and postulates of each theory, their strengths and their weaknesses. It is my belief that
because each theory is best applicable to varying types of learning, it is best that a combination of each is used to provide the most complete learning
experience.
Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on objectively observable behaviors, while discounting mental activities....show more content...
Furthermore this theory provided a basis for John Watson's idea that, "human emotions and behaviour...are mainly a bundle of conditioned responses"
(p. 235 ) which is applicable to the treatment of such psychological disorders as phobias. For example, to treat a patient with a fear of spiders, one
might attempt to remove the phobia by counteracting conditioning: learning a response that is unsuited with fear. Classical conditioning has been very
useful in the treatment of substance abuse in which therapy includes an avoidance of settings associated with the use of that substance, as well as an
actual reversal* of such positive associations using aversive experiences (p 235).
However, not all learning is a simple association between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus, but rather it involves a complex array of cognitive
and biological contributions. The failure to recognize the cognitive processes involved in learning results in the acquired expectancy that the
unconditioned stimulus (UCS) will occur. This is known as predictability. For example, the association between alcohol and nausea in the presence of a
nausea–inducing drug, is lessened by the alcoholic's awareness of the drug (p 233). Also, the theory fails to account for the biological constraints on
an animal's capacity for conditioning. Rather than Pavlov's belief that any "perceivable" stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus (CS), it is more
realistic that each species'
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