The document discusses several learning theories including constructivism, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, and progressive education. It argues that constructivism is the preferred learning theory as it allows students to actively participate in hands-on activities and projects, working collaboratively to solve problems and develop their own understanding, rather than just listening to lectures. The teacher's role is to engage students through guided activities and discussions to facilitate learning by doing.