The document discusses several theories and concepts related to learning, including: 1. Learning involves a natural response to new situations and has two main parts: practice and a permanent change in behavior. 2. Maturation helps speed up the learning process but the optimal age for learning differs depending on what is being learned. 3. Key learning theories discussed include trial and error, imitation, conditioned response, and insight. 4. There are also three laws of learning: the law of exercise, the law of readiness, and the law of effect.

1. LEARNING
IMPORTANCE
MUNEERA. TV

3. The learning process depends on a person’s natural
responses to a new situation. It has two main parts.
1.The practice
2.Permanent change in
behavior

4. Maturation
Maturation is a natural development
which helps in speeding up the
learning process. Maturation age
differs in learning different things.
With the right maturation age the
child takes less time and has to pull
less efforts in learning a thing.

5. Difference in learning and
maturation
1. Maturation is innate while the learning
process is acquired
2. Maturation is related to physical
development
3. Maturation is related to permanent
changes in human physical structure

6. Some theories of learning
1.Trial and error- Thorndike
2.Imitation-Hagerty
3.Conditioned reflex-Pavlov
4.Insight-Koffka, Kohler, Gestalt

7. Trail and Error
Though trial and error a person
improves over his past
performance and perfects his
knowledge

8. Imitation
Through imitation everyone
learns and has to put in less
labour and time

9. Conditioned response
According to the theory of
conditioned response an individual
learns by establishing relationship
between response and stimuli. A
person learns through conditioned
response and unlearns through
deconditioning

10. Insight
Human beings, animals and birds all
learn through insight. The human
being possesses the strongest
insight.

11. Laws of learning
There are three laws of learning
1.Law of exercise
2.Law of readiness
3. Law of effect

12. A law which states that, in learning, the more frequently
a stimulus and response are associated with each other,
the more likely the particular response will follow the
stimulus. The law implies that one learns by doing and
one cannot learn a skill, for instance, by watching
others. It is necessary to practise the skill, because by
doing so the bond between stimulus and response is
strengthened. In applying this to motor learning, the
more often a given movement is repeated, the more
firmly established it becomes.
LAW OF EXERCISES

13. Law of readiness
A law which states that learning is
dependent upon the learner's readiness
to act, which facilitates the
strengthening of the bond between
stimulus and response. Thus, an athlete
who is highly motivated and eager to
learn is more likely to be receptive to
learning than one who is poorly
motivated.

14. Law of effect
The law of effect is a psychological
principle advanced by Edward
Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of
behavioral conditioning (not then
formulated as such) which states that
"responses that produce a satisfying
effect in a particular situation become
more likely to occur again in that
situation, and responses

15. Bases of learning
Development of the process of learning has two
bases:
(!) The innate capacity of the child
(!!) The environment of the child

16. Factors of
learning
There are three effective factors
of learning. These are:
1.Psychological factor
2.Physical factor
3.Environmental factor

17. Psychological factor
It includes motivation. Motivation is of two types:
(1)External
(2)internal
External motivation is
related to appreciation,
condemnation and
punishment.
Internal motivation is
concerned with physical
and social factor

18. Physical factor
Physical factors are concerned with
physical health and congenial
environment. It is necessary to
remove physical handicaps and
provide healthy environment in order
to facilitate learning.

19. Environmental factor
The place of learning should be free of
noise, dust and be well ventilated.

20. THANK
YOU