This document discusses various concepts and theories related to leadership. It defines leadership as the ability to influence others and motivate them towards common goals. Several leadership styles are described, including autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Trait theory suggests leaders are born with certain qualities, while behavioural theory believes leadership can be learned. Contingency theory proposes that the most effective leadership style depends on internal and external situational factors. Fiedler's contingency model and the path-goal theory are contingency theories discussed in the document.

1. LEADERSHIP
CONCEPT , STYLES AND
THEORIES

2. INTRODUCTION
 One of the important
function of management.
 Includes directing,
influencing and motivating
employees to perform.

3. DEFINITION
• “Leadership is the ability of a superior to
influence the behaviour of a subordinate or
group and persuade them to follow a particular
course of action.”
- Chester Bernard
• “Leadership is the lifting of a man’s vision to
higher sights, the raising of a man’s performance
to a higher standard, the building of a man’s
personality beyond its normal limitations.”
- Peter Drucker

4. MEANING
• The term Leadership means to lead people.
• It refers to the ability of one individual to
influence others.
• It is the art of motivating a group of people to act
towards achieving a common objectives.

5. LEADER
• One that leads or guides.
• One who has influencing power.
• One who is a Risk-taker.
• One who has a strong focus.

6. CHARACTERISTICS/ QUALITIES
• Followers
• Positive attitude
• Problem solving
• Risk taking behaviour
• Knowledgeable
• Strong determination
• Continuous process
• Power relationship

7. SIGNIFICANCE
• Goal- oriented
• Effective planning
• Motivating employees
• Building morale
• Creating confidence
• Developing team-work
• Co-ordination
• Initiates action

8. LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT
“Management is doing things right,
Leadership is doing the right things”

9. LEADER VS MANAGER
Leader Manager
• Innovator
• Focus on people
• Influence
• Gives credit
• Proactive
• Wants achievement
• Takes risk
• Appeal to heart
• Believes in ‘we’ or ‘you’
• Develop
• Inspire
• Administrator
• Focus on things
• Organize
• Takes credit
• Reactive
• Wants results
• Minimizes risk
• Appeal to head
• Believes in ‘I’
• Maintain
• Control

10. LEADERSHIP STYLES
Autocratic
Democratic Laissez -
faire

12. AUTOCRATIC/AUTHORITARIAN
STYLE
• This style is used when leaders tell their
employees what they want them to do, and how
they want it accomplished, without getting
the advice of their team.
• It can be used when:-
i. You have all the information to solve the
problem,
ii. You are short on time, and
iii. Your employees are well- motivated.

13. DEMOCRATIC/ PARTICIPATIVE
STYLE
• This style involves the leader including one or
more employees in the decision- making
process (determining what to do and how to do
it). However, the leader maintains the final
decision making authority.
• Consultative
• Persuasive
• Weakness in information

14. LAISSEZ-FAIRE or FREE REIGN
STYLE
• In this style, the leader allows the employees to
make the decisions. However, the leader is still
responsible for the decisions that are made .
• This style is used when you have full trust and
confidence in the employees. – positive
• This style is also used to blame others when
things go wrong. – negative

15. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Behavioural
Theory
Trait Theory Contingency
Theory
Path Goal
TheorySituational
Theory

16. TRAIT THEORY
• This theory differentiates leaders from non-
leaders by focusing on personality, social,
physical and intellectual traits.
• It assumes that leaders are born.

17. BEHAVIOURAL THEORY
• This theory is based on the belief that great
leaders are made, not born.
• People can learn to become leaders through
teaching and observation.
• This approach says that anyone who adopts the
appropriate behaviour can be a good leader.

18. MANAGERIAL GRID

19. CONTINGENCY THEORY
• Single leadership style is not applicable to all
situations.
• There is no best way to lead, to make decisions,
to organize instead, the optimal course of action
is dependent upon the internal and external
situations.
• Theories of contingency theory:-
a) Fiedler’s contingency model
b) Situational theory
c) Path goal theory

20. FIEDLER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL
• It assumes that group performance depends on:
1. Leader-member relations
2. Task structure
3. Position power

21. SITUATIONAL THEORY
• It is based on the maturity of the people they’re
leading and the details of the task.
• Identified 4 leadership styles based on readiness
of followers:-
1. Telling
2. Selling
3. Participating
4. Delegating

23. PATH GOAL THEORY
• The leader’s responsibility is to increase
subordinates motivation to attain personal and
organizational goal, for this he should adopt
certain leadership styles according to situations.